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I NEW LATIN MANUAL. 




AHNS 



BY 



Dr. P. HENN. 



♦ •♦ 



NEW YORK: 



K. 6TE T G E R & CO 



t 



L^*^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



^ * 



Steiger^s Latin Series, 



AHN'S 



NEW LATIN MANUAL. 



BY 

Dr. P. HENN. 



SBCOITD COT7IISE. 



VERBS, ADVERBS, 

PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, INTERJECTIONS, 

WORD-FORMATION. VOCABULARIES. 







NEW YORK: 
E. S T E I G E R t CO 

1883. 



-^h 






REQUEST. 



The undersigned, in their ettbrts to secure the greatest 
possible correctness in their educational publications, will feel 
obliged for the suggestion of improvements in this volume. 

U. Steiger & Co.^ Publishers. 



Coj^yright. 1883, by E. Steigek & Co. 



Pregs of 
E, ISU'ujer »£• Co., N. F. 



CONTENTS OF the SECOND COURSE. 



ERBS Page 1 

Voices 1 

Tenses 2 

Moods • 3 

Verbal Nouns and Adjectives 3 

Numbers and Persons 4 

The Four Conjugations 4 

Simple Forms of the Verb 5 

Compound. Forms o 7 

Periphrastic Conjugation 12 

First Conjugation (Paradigm).. 14 

Second Conjugation (Paradigm) 19 

Third Conjugation (Paradigm) 24 

Fourth Conjugation (Paradigm) 28 

Deponent Verbs (Paradigms) 33 

Appendix to T'hird Conjugation ( Verbs in ioj 45 

Special Forms in Conjugation 48 

Formation of the Principal Parts 51 

in the First Conjugation 51 

in the Second Conjugation 54 

in the Third Conjugation 61 

Stems inn (y) 61 

Verbs in lo 63 

Stems in tV t 64 

Stem>< //i b, p 6!) 

Stems i/i c, g", q, li, ct 70 

Stems in 1, in, ii, r 73 

Stems in s, x (cs) 76 

Stems in sc (Inceptivesj 77 

in the Fourth Conjugation 83 

Irregular Conjugation 85 

Defective Verbs 100 

Lnpersonal Verbs L()3 



— Vl — 

Adverbs Page 105 

Primitive and Derivative 105 

Comparison of Adverb.^ Ill 

Prepositions 113 

Conjunctions 115 

Co-ordinating 115 

Subordinating 118 

Interjections 121 

Word-Formation 122 

Derivation of Verbs 123 

of Substantives 125 

of A djectives 1 28 

Composition of Verbs 131 

of Substantives 135 

of A djectives 135 

Index of Yerbs 136 

Yocabulary: Latin-English 147 

English-Latin 169 



LATEST GEAMMAR. 

(Continued.) 



Verbs. 

270. The Essential Characteristie of a Verb is that 
it ascribes some action, state, or quaUty to a subject. 
Verbs, hke Nouns and Pronouns, have their inflec- 
tion, or changes of form in order to express certain 
changes of meaning; this inflection is called their 
Conjugation. 

The forms of Conjugation are: 

Voices, genera; Tenses, tempo ra: Moods, modi; 
Numbers and Persons, numeri et person ae. 

Voices. 

271. Some Verbs are usually followed by an object 
signifying that at which the action of the Verb is 
directed. They are said to be Transitive Verbs and 
ex})ress an assertion in two forms, called the Active 
Voice and the Passive Voice. 

272. The Active Voice denotes that the action proceeds from 
the subject, as: canis puerum mordebat, the dog hit the hoy. The 
Passive denotes that the subject receives the action of the Verb, 
as: puer mordebatur a cane, the hoy was hitten hy the dog. 

273. Other Verbs, again, express an action which is limited to 
the subject, as: puer currit, the hoy runs. They are called In- 
transitive Verbs, and from their nature cannot be regularly used 
in the Passive Voice. 

274. Transitive Verbs may be used without any expressed ob- 
ject (ahsolutely), as: puer scribit, the hoy writes. 



— 2 — 

275. A Reflexive Verb is one that represents the action as 
exerted by the subject upon itself. The Passive Voice often has a re- 
flexive meaning, as: occasio datur, the occasion offers y presents itself. 

276. The Active and Passive Voices in Latin are 
equivalent to the corresponding English forms. 
Many Verbs are only used in the Passive form, but 
with an active or reflexive signification; they are 
called Deponents. 

277. Some Verbs which form their Perfect like Deponents^ are 
called Semi-Deponents, as: 

audeo, -ere, to dare ausfis sum, / dared 

gaudeo, -ere, to rejoice gavisus sum, / rejoiced 

soleo, -ere, to he wont solitus sum, / loas wont 

fido, -ere, to trust flsiis sum, / trusted 

278. Some Active Verbs have a Perfect Passive Participle 
with Active meaning. Viz. : 

cSno, -are, to dine cenatus, having dined 

prandeo, -ere, to breakfast pransus, having breakfasted 

poto, -are, to drink pOtus, having drunk 

juro, -are, to swear jurat us, having sworn 

279. Again, a few Active Verbs have a Passive meaning; they 
are sometimes called Neutral Passives, viz.: 

vapulare, to be flogged; venire (venum ire, to go to sale), to be sold. 

Tenses. 

280. There are Six Tenses in Latin, viz.: 

Of Contmued Action 
the Present, as: scribo, lam writing; 

the Imperfect, used chiefly for description or repeated action, 
as: scribebam, I was writing; 

the Future, as: scribara, I shall write. 

Of Completed Action 
the Perfect, either definite or historical, as: scrips!, / have 
written (definite), or: I wrote (historical); 

the Pluperfect, as: scripseram, I had written; 

the Future Perfect, as: scripserO, I shall have written. 

The Passive has the same tenses. (For Particulars see Syntax.) 



— 3 — 

Moods. 

281, The Moods are three, Indicative, Subjunctive, 
and Imperative. 

282, The Indicative is used for direct assertions or interro- 
gations, corresponding, without any Auxiliary, to the three forms of 
an English Verb, viz.: the Simple, Progressive, and Emphatic, as: 
scribe, Iwrite^ am writing, do write. 

283, The Subjunctive represents the action of the Verb as 
something merely entertained by the mind and dependent on other 
circumstances, as: amarem, I should love. 

284b. The Imperative is used to express a command, wish, 
advice, or exhortation, as: este diligentes, pueri, he diligent, hoys! 

285. These three Moods which are limited by person, number y 
and time are called the Finite Verb. 

Verbal Nouns and Adjectives. 

286. Outside of the Finite Verb, and partaking of 
the nature of nouns, are certain Verbal Forms which 
are so important that they are always given with the 
inflectional forms, as part of the conjugation of tlie 
Verb. 

287. The Infinitive is not limited to a particular number or 
person, as the ordinary verbal forms, but is really a Verbal Noun, 
as: amare, to love. 

288. The Gerund is a verbal noun of the Second Declension, 
used only in the Singular, and wanting the Nominative and Vocative; 
it corresponds to the English Participial Infinitivb in ing, as: amandi, 
of loving. 

289. The Gerundive differs from the Gerund only in having 
Adjective terminations in us, a, um, thus: Gerund, amandi, of lov- 
ing; Gerundive, amandus, -a, -flni, to he loved, deserving to he 
loved. 

290. The Participle gives, like tlie English Participle, the 
meaning of the Verb in the form of an Adjective. 

291. A Latin Verb may have four Participles: two in the* 
Active, the Present and the Future — amans, loving; amaturus, 



-^ 4 -^ 

about to love; and two in the Passive, the Perfect, amatus, loved j 
and the Future, commonly called Gerundive, amandus, deserving 
to be loved. 

292. The Supine is a verbal noun of the Fourth Declension, 
having only the Accusative and Ablative Singular, as: amattim, 
amatu, to love. 

Numbers and Persons. 

293. There are two Numbers, Singular and Plural, 
and three Persons: First, Second, and Third. 

294. The Personal Endings for each of the three Persons, 
both Singular and Plural, Active and Passive, are as follows: 

Peeson. Active. Passive. 

Sing. 1. / -o, -m am-o -r amo-r 

2. thou, yoic -s ama-s -ris ama-ris 

3. 7ie, shet it -t ama-t -tiir ama-tur 
Plur. 1. we -mus ama-niiis -mur ama-miir 

2. you -tis ama-tis -mini ama-mini 

3. they -nt ama-nt -ntur ama-ntiir 

The Imjyeraiive has the following terminations: 

Sing. 2. - am a -re ama-re 

*^ 3. -to ama-to -tofr ama-tor 

Plur. 2. -te, -tote ama-te -minT ama-mini 

** 3. -nto ama-nto -ntor ama-ntor 

The Perfect Indicative (Active) has the special terminations: 
Sing. 2. -sti amavi-sti Plur. 2. -stis amavi-stis 

'' 3. -erunt amav-erunt 

The Four Conjugations. 

295. Yerbs are inflected in four regular Conjuga- 
tions, distinguished by the ending of the Present In- 
finitive Active, viz.: 

I. First Conjugation -arS; stem ending in a; 
11. Second Conjugation -ere; *' ^* in c; 
' III. Third Conjugation -ere; ** *' in a consonant or ii; 
IV. Fourth Conjugation -ire; *' ^^ in! 



296. Besides the Present Infinitive we need to know 
the Present Indicative Active, Mrst Person, 
the Perfect Indicative Active, Pirst Person, 
the Former Supine, 

in order to understand the whole inflection of any 
Verb. Hence these four are called the Principal Parts 
or Stem-forms, and in describing any Yerb these are 
given. Their regular forms are seen in the following: 





Pres. Ind. 


Pres. Inf. 


Perf. Ind. 


Supine. 


I. 


amo 


amare, to love 


amavi 


amatiiTn 


II. 


moneo 


monere, to advise 


moniii 


monitum 


III. 


lego 


legere, to read 


legi 


lectum 


IV. 


audio 


audire, to hear 


audivi 


auditum 



297. The Principal Parts being known, the rest of 
the conjugation is found by the following rules. 

Simple Forms of the Verb. 

298. From the Present Indicative are formed: 
the Present Subjunctivo by changing 



I. 

11. 

III. 

lY. 



-o 
-eo 
-o 
io 



into 

u 



-em 
-earn 
-am 
-iam 



the Imperfect Indicative by changing 



I. 

II. 

III. 

lY. 



-o 
-eo 
-o 
-io 



into 



-abam 
-ebam 
-ebaiu 
-iebam 



the Future Indicative by changing 



I. 

11. 
III. 
lY, 



-o 
-eo 
-o 
io 



into 

a 
a 
it 



-abo 
-ebo 
-am 
-i^m 



am-o 


am-em 


mon-eo 


m5n-eain 


leg-o 


leg-am 


aud-io 


aud-iam 


^ing 




am-6 


am-abam 


mon-eo 


mon-ebam 


leg-o 


leg-ebam 


aud-io 


aud-iebam 


« 




am-o 


S-m-abo 


mon-So 


raon-ebo 


leg-6 


leg-am 


aud-i5 


aud-iam 



the Present Participle by changing 



I. 

II. 
III. 

lY. 



-o 
-eo 
-o 
-io 



into ~ans 

u 



-ens 
-ens 
-iens 



am-o 
mon-eo 
leg-o 
aud-io 



am-ans 

mon-ens 
leg-ens 



aud-iens 



the Gerundive (and the Gerund) by changing 



I. 

IT. 
III. 
IV. 



-o 
-eo 
-o 
-io 



into 



-andiis 
-endus 
-endus 
-iendiis 



am-o 
mon-eo 
leg-o 
aud-io 



am-andus 

mon-endus 

leg-endiis 

aud-iendus 



299. From the Present Infinitive are formed; 
the Imperfect Subjunctive Active by adding m: 



I. amare, amare-m 
II. monere, monere-m 



III. legere, legere-m 

IV. audire, audire-m 



the Imperfect Subjunctive Passive by adding r: 



I. amare, amare-r 
II. monere, monere-r 



III. legere, legere-r 

IV. audire, audlre-r 



the Present Imperative Active by dropping re: 

I. ama-re, am a III. lege-re, lege 

II. mone-re, mone IV. audi-re, audi 

the Present Imperative Passive identically: 

I. amare II. monere III. legerS IV. audirS 

the Present Infinitive Passive by changing 



I. 


e into 


i 


amar-e 


amar-i 


11. 


e 


i 


moner-e 


moner-i 


III. 


ere '' 


i 


leg-ere 


leg-i 


IV. 


e '' 


1 


audlr-e 


audlr-i 



300. From the Perfect Indicative are formed; 

the Pluperfect Indicative by changing i into eram: 

I. amav-i, amav-eram III. leg-i, leg-erani 

II. monu-i, monu-eram IV. audlv-i, audiv-eram 

the Future Perfect by changing i into ero: 

I. amav-i, amav-ero III. leg-i, leg-ero 

H, monu-i) monu-ero IV. audiv-i, audlv-er5 



— 7 — 

the Perfect Subjunctive by changing i into firlin: 

I. amav-i, amav-erim III. leg-T, leg-erim 

II. monu-i, monu-erim IV. audiv-i, aiidiv-erim 

the Pluperfect Subjunctive by changing i into issem: 

I. amav-i, amav-issem III. l^g-i, Igg-issem 

II. monu-i, monu-issem IV. audiv-i, audiv-issem 

the Perfect Infinitive by changing i into isse: 

I. amav-i, amav-isse III. leg-i, leg-isse 

II. monu-i, monu-isse IV. audlv-i, audlv-isse 

SOI. From the Supine are formed: 

the Perfect Participle by changing um into us: 

I, amat-um, amat-us III. lect-iiin, lect-Gs 

n. monit-um, monit-us IV. audlt-um, audit-iis 

the Future Participle by changing um into urus: 

I. amat-um, amat-iirus III. lect-um, lect-urus 

II. monlt-um, monit-urus IV. audlt-um, audit-urfts 

302. Of the Active tenses of continued action, viz.: 
Present, Imperfect, and Future, those ending in o be- 
come Passive by changing o into or; those ending in 
m, by changing m into r, as: 

I. am-o, am-6r III. leg-o, leg-or 

ame-m, ame-p lega-m, lega-r 

II. mone-6, mone-or IV. audi-o, audi-or 
monea-m, monea-r audia-m, audia-r 

To Teachers. As the theory of conjugation is beset, to the beginner, 
by some special difficulties, it seems best that the Paradigms themselves 
should be made very familiar, before the systematic study of the foregoing 
rules is taken Tip. At this stage, AHN-HENN'S Paradigm Charts ex- 
hibiting the Essentials of Latin Conjugation, will greatly help in mastering 
one of the numerous difficulties of the language. 

Compound Forms. 

303. All the rest are compound forms, made by 
the aid of the Auxiliary Yerb esse, to be: 



8 — 



Pres. Ind. 


Pres. Inf. 


Perfect. Supine. 


sum 


essS, ^0 6e 


ful 




Indicativb. 


Present. 




Perfect. 


sum, lam 




fu' 1, J have been (was) 


es, thou art 




fu i' sti, thou hast been 


est, 7ie, she^ it is 




fu' it, he has been 


su' mus, we are 




fu' 1 mus, we have been 


e' stis, you are 




fu i' stis, you have been 


sunt, they are 




fu e' runt, they have been 


Imperfect 




Pluperfect. 


€'ram, I was 




fu' 6 ram, I had been 


6' ras, thou wast 




fu' e ras, thou hadst been 


6' rat, he was 




fu' e rat, he had been 


€ ra' mus, we were 




fu ^ ra' mus, we had been 


€ ra' tis, you were 




fu e ra' tis, you had been 


^' rant, they were 




fu' ^ rant, they had been 


Future. 




Future Perfect. 


S' r5, I shall be 




fu' e ro, / shall have been 


^' ris, </iow wilt be 




fu' e ris, thou wilt have been 


e' rit, Tie will be 




fu' e rit, he will have been 


€' ri mus, we shall be 




f Li e ri mus, we shall have been 


^' rl lis, you will be 




fu e ri tis, you will have been 


^' runt, they will be 




fu' e rint, they will have been 



Translate into English. 
EuLE. The personal and possessive Pronouns are In general only 
used for the sake of distinction or emphasis, 

Honesta mors melTor est quam turpis vita. Si semel 
aegrotus^ fueris, valetudo tibi carior erit quam adhuc fuit. 
Dum^ felix eris, numerus amicorum tuorum magnus erit; 
tempora si fuerint nubila, solus eris. Reges et mendici, 
pauperes et divites morti obnoxii sunt; nam mors omnibus 
communis est. Multi nunc sunt pauperes, qui olim^ divites 
fuerunt, 

^Shck ^as long as ^formerly 

Write in Latin, 

Times vrill be better, if men will be better. We were boys, 
now we are youths, and we shall soon^ be men. Where^ shall 



— 9 



we be after' death? To us many coimtries* are known which 
were unknown to the ancients'. We are never alone, God is 
always with us^ Those friends who are faithless' in adver- 
sity^, have never been true friends. In this life none of us 
will always be happy. 

imox 2ubi 3postw. Acc. Herra, -ae ^antiquiis, -a, -"um. ^nobi^cum 
"perfidu-S, -a, -"um. %es adversae, Plur. 



Subjunctive. 



Present. 
Sim, may I be* 
sis, be iJioUj or may you be 
sit, let him be (may he be) 
sV mus, let us be 
si' tis, be ye^ or may ye be 
sint, let them be (may they be) 

Imperfect. 
es' sem, I should be (were) 
es' ses, thou wouldst be 
es' set, Jie would be 
es s6' mus, ive should be 
es se' tis, you would be 
es' sent, they would be 



Perfect. 
W e rim, I may have been 
fu' e ris, thou may est have been 
fu' e rit, he may have been 
fu e ri mus, u:e may have been 
fu e ri tis, you may have been 
fu' e rint, they may have been 

Pluperfect. 

fix is' sem, I should have been 
fu is' ses, thou wouldst have been 
fu is' set, he would have been 
f u is se ' mus, we should have been 
fuis se'tis, you would have been 
fu is' sent, they would have been 



fu ta' rtis, -a, -urn 



fu ttl' ri, -ae, -a 



Future. 
Sim, I may be about to be 
sis, thou may est be about to be 
sit, he may be about to be 
si' mus, we may be about to be 
si' tis, you may he about to be 
sint, they may be about to be 









Impebative. 






Singular. 




Plural. 


Present. 


es 


, be thou 




e' stg, be ye 


Future. 


e' 


sto, thou Shalt be** 


e sto' te, ye shall be 




e' 


stO, he shall be 




sun' to, they shall be 



* The renderiDg of the Subjunctive here given shows the most fre- 
quent meanings of its lornis when usid independently. 

** The Future Imperative may also be rendered like the Present 
Imperative, or wjth kU 6e thout lei him he; he ye, let ihem he. 



~ 10 



Present, es' se, to he 



Infinitive. 



fd is' se, to have been 

fii tu' rum, -am, -um es' se, or fo' 



re, to he about to he 



Perfect 
Future. 
Future Participle, fu tu' rus, -a, -um, about to be 

304. The Future Perfect is wanting in the Subjunctive which is 
represented, when necessary, by the Subjunctive of the Perfect or 
Pluperfect, according to the connection of the sentence, or by the 
Periphrastic Conjugation. 

305, The Verb esse has no Gerund or Supine, and no Participle but 
the Future. 

Translate into English. 

Simus semper diligentes et attenti. Nullum fere^ animalium 
genus est, quod non homini sit utile. Malus homo numquam 
amicus tuus sit. Si homines essent meliores, etiam tempora 
essent meliora. Homines mortis memores suiito. Diligens sis, 
puer; nam vita huinana brevissTma est. Aliorum exempla tibi 
yelut^ specula^ sunto. Estote fidi usque ad^ mortem, et vestra 
erit corona vitae aeternae. 

^nullum fere, almost ?io, i. e. hardly any mke '^mirror huitil^ usque ad 

Write in Latin. 

Never be^ the friend of bad people. Your friend is not 
known to me; may he be a faithful friend to you. Nobody 
■would be poor, if all men were beneficent and liberaP. Let' 
men be mindful of old age. Let^ truth always be dear to us. 
Be^ thankful to God, your parents and teachers. Let^ him be 
the dearest to us who is the best. 

iSubjunct. Pros, siibgialis, -e ^^yiX. Imperat. 



Supine. 



306. 


Compounds of esse. 




Pres. Ind. 


Pres. Inf. 


Perfect. 


absum 


abesse, to be absent^ be away 


afiii 


adsum 


adesse, to be present, to side with 


adfiTi 


desum 


deesse, to be wanting 


defiii 


insiim 


inesse, to be in 


infill 


intersum 


interesse, to take part in 


interfui 


obsum 


obesse, to be hurtful 


obfiii 


praesum 


praeesse, to be at the head of 


praefui 


prosum 


prodesse, to be useful, do good 


profiii 


subsum 


subesse, to be under 


wanting 


siipersum 


superesse, to remain over 


superfiii 



— 11 — 

307. All these Compounds are conjugated like siim; but pro- 
sum inserts a d when pro would be followed by e, thus: 



Present. 


Imperf. Indio. 


Imperf. Subj. 


Future. 


prosum 


proderam 


prodessem 


prodero 


prodes 


proderas 


prodesses 


proderis 


prOdest 


proderat 


prodesset 


prOderit 


prosum us 


prOderamus 


prodessemus 


proderlmiis 


prodestis 


prOderatIs 


prodessetis 


proderitis 


prOsunt 


proderant 


prodessent 


proderunt 


Imperative. 


Infinitive. 


prodes 


prodeste 


prOdesse 



prodesto prodestote 

SOS. Neither sum nor any of its Compounds has a Present 
Participle except: praesens, -tis, present; absens, -tis, absent; 
esse is also compounded with potis, pote, able^ in the Yerb posse. 
For its inflection see 401. 

Trajislate info English. 

Is est verus amicus, qui amico in periculo non deest. 
Nusquam^ soli sumus, ubique Deus adest. Pecunia mihi saepe 
defiiit, sed numquam mihi deerit animus laetus. NimTus' 
somnus neque ammo, neque corpori prodest. Alexander 
Magnus multis proelTis* interfuit. Non omnia, quae grata 
sunt corpori, prosunt eldem. Jucundum est mil it i proelTo 
interfuisse glorioso*. Ante Ciceronis aetatem oratores multi 
et clari fuerant, neque^ postea® defuerunt. 

^nowhere Hoomuch ^battle ^glorious ^nor ^afterwards 

Write in Latin, 

All Compounds of sura take the Dative; only abesse, to he away, 
takes the Ablative with a, al>. 

To good men friends are not wanting. A good citizen sides 
with^ his country in* the time of danger. Indolence^ is hurtful 
to all men. We all can do good to our friends. In* summer 
our whole family* will be away from* town. As long as you 
shall be happy, friends will not be wanting to you. The 
knowledge^ of civil law"^ will be useful to those who are at the 
head of^ the state. Anger® has been hurtful to many. The 
general* is at the head of the army^°. 

^Dative ^Time when is in the Abl. signavia, -ae -'fSmTlTS;, -ae ^a with 
the Abl. ^sctentiSl, -ae 'jus cIvIlS (juris clvlliis) %S», -ae ^'mperator, 
-oris »exercTtu.s, -lis 



— 12 — 

509. The Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect, and 
also the Perfect Infinitive in the Passive Voice are com- 
pound forms, made up of the Perfect Participle and 
the Verb esse as an auxiliary, asf 

Perf. a ma' tiis, -S,, -um sum, I havefieen, or was^ loved 
Perf. Inf. a ma' tus, -S., -um es' se, to have been loved 
Pluperf. a ma' tus, -a, -um eram, / had been loved 
Fut. Perf. a ma' tiis, -&, -um ero, I shall have been loved 
Fut. Inf. a ma' ttis, -S-, -um fore, to be about to be loved 

310. In the compound tenses of the Passive, the Participle is 
treated as an Adjective, agreeing in gender and number with the 
subject of the Verb, as: 

bellum paratum est, war has been prepared. 



Periphrastic Conjugation. 

311. The Periphrastic Conjugation is formed by 
combining the tenses of esse with the Future Parti- 
ciple (Active), and with the Gerundive (Passive). 

312. Active Periphrastic Conjugation. 

Indicative. 

Present, amattlrus, -S., -Um sum, / am about to love 

Imperf. amaturus, -&, -uui eram, / ivas about to love 

Future. amaturus, -^, -um ero, / shall be about to love 

Perfect. amaturus, -a, -tim ful, I have been^ or was, about to love 

Pluperf. amaturus, -a, -um fueram, / had been about to love 

Fut. Perf. amatarus, -a, -um fuero, I shall have been about to love 

Subjunctive. 

Present. amatCirus, -&, -fim sim, / may be about to love 

Imperf. amaturus, -5-, -Um essem, I should be about to love 

Future. (wanting) 

Perfect, amaturus, -a, -uui f uerira, I may have been about to love 

Pluperfect, amaturus, -a, -um fuiss^m, / should have been about to 

Fut. Perf. (wanting) [love 



— 13 — 

Infinitivb. 
Present. S^maturiis, -a, -um ess6, to he about to love 
Perfect. amatiirtis, -a, -una fiiisse, to have been about to love 

313. Passive Periphrastic Conjugation. 

Indicative. 
Present, amandus, -S;, -um sum, / have to be loved 
Imperf. amancltis, -a, -mn eram, / had to be loved 
Future, amandus, -a, ^um ero, / shall have to be loved 
Perfect, amandus, -a, -um f iii, / (have) had to be loved 
Pluperf. amandus, -a, -una f ueram, / had had to be loved 
Put. Perf. amandus, -S,, -una f uerO, / shall have had to be loved 

Subjunctive. 
Present, amandtis, -S., -iina sim, / may have to be loved 
Imperf. amandus, -a, -um ess^m, I should have to be loved. 
Future. (wanting) 

Perfect. amandus, -a, -una fuerim, I may have had to be loved 
Pluperfect, amandus, -a, -una f uissem, / should have had to be loved 
Fut. Perf. (wanting) 

Infinitive. 

Present, amandus, -a, -una esse, to have to be loved 
Perfect, amundus, -a, -um fiiisse, to have had to be loved 

314. Impersonal Periphrastic Conjugation. 

The Neuter of the Gerundive with est, erat, etc., is used imper- 
sonally, if what is said holds good of people in general, as: viven- 
dum est, we or you must live; moriendum est, we or you must die. 
But the person by ivhom may also be added in the Dative, thus: 

milai scribendum est, I must or should write 
tibi scribendum est, thou must or shouldst write 
el scribendum est, he must or should write 
nobis scribendum est, tve must or should write 
vobis scribendum est, you must or should write 
els scribendum est, they must or should write 

315. The Future Infinitive Passive is a compound form made 
up of the Supine and iri (lit. to be gone), which is the Infinitive 
Passive of the Verb lie, to go, 

I. amatum iri III. lectum iri 

II. momtiim Iri IV. audltum iri 



14 



316. First Conjugation. — Active Voice. 



Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 
amo, -are, to love 
Indicative. 



a' mo, I love 
a* mas, thou lovest 
a' maty he loves 
a ma' mQs, we love 
a ma' tis, you love 
a' mant, they love 



a ma' bam. Twos loving 
a ma' bas, thou toast loving 
a ma' bat, he was loving 
a ma ba' niiis, we were loving 
a ma ba' tis, you were loving 
a ma' bant, they were loving 



Perfect. Supine. 

amavi amatiim 

Subjunctive. 
Present. 

a' mem, may I love 
a' mes, love thou 
a' met, let him love 
a me' mus, let us love 
a me' tis, love ye 
a' ment, let them love 

Imperfect. 

a ma' rem, / should love 
a ma' res, thou wouldst love 
a ma' ret, he would love 



a ma re' mus, we should love 
a ma re' tis, you would love 
a ma' rent, they would love 



Future. 



a ma' bo, I shall love 
a ma' bis, thou wilt love 
a ma' bit, he will love 
a ma' bi mus, we shall love 
a ma' bi tis, you will love 
a ma' bunt, they will love 

a ma' vi, I have loved 

a ma vi' sti, thou hast loved 

a ma' vit, he has loved 

a ma' vi mus, we have loved 

a ma vi' stis, you have loved 

a ma ve' runt, they have loved 



a ma tu' rus, 
-a, -um 

a ma tu ri, 
~ae, -a 




be about 
to love 



a ma' ve ram, / had loved 
a ma' ve ras, thou hadst loved 
a ma' ve rat, he had loved 
a ma ve ra' mus, we had loved 
a ma ve ra' tis, you had loved 
a ma' ve rant, they had loved 



Perfect. 

a ma' ve rim, I may have loved 
a ma' ve ris, thou may est have I. 
a ma' ve rit, he may have loved 
a ma ve ri mus, we may have L 
a ma ve rl tis, you 7nay have L 
a ma' ve rint, they may have L 

Pluperfect. 

a ma vis' sem, I should have I 
a ma vis' ses, thou wouldst h. I. 
a ma vis' set, he would have I. 
a ma vis se' mus, we should h. I 
a ma vis se' tis, you would h. I 
a ma vis' sent, they would h, I 



15 



Indicative, 

Future Perfect. 

a ma' vero, I shall have loved 
a ma' ve ris, thou wilt have loved 
a ma' ve rit, he will have loved 
a ma "ve ri mus, we shall have loved 
a ma ve ri tis, you will have loved 
a ma' ve rint, ihey will have loved 



SUBJUNCTiVJS, 



(wanting) 



Impeeatiye. 
Singular. 
Present, a' ma, love thou 
Future, a ma' to, thou shall love 
a ma' to, he shall love 



PluraL 
a ma' te, love ye 
a ma to' te, ye shall love 
a man' to, they shall love 



Infinitive. 
Present. a ma' re, to love 

Perfect. a ma vis' se, to have loved 

Fut. Sing. Norn, a ma tu' rus, -a, -um es' se 



am, -um es' se 



'' Ace. a ma tu' mm. 
Plup. Norn, a ma tu' li, -ae, -a es' se 
Ace. a ma tu' ros, -as, -a es' se 



to be about to love 



i( 



Present. 
Future. 



Gen. 
Dat. 
Ace. 
Abl. 



Participles. 
a' mans, a man' tis, loving 
a ma tti' rus, a ma tti' ra, a ma tu' riim, about to love 

Getjund. Supine. 

a man' di, of loving 
a man' do, for loving 
a man' dum, loving 
a man' do, by loving 



a ma' turn) _, , 

-, , -, > to love 
a ma' tu ) 



Examples for Practice. 



aedlflco, -are, to build 
ambulo, -are, to (take a) walk 
avolo, -are, to fly away 
canto, -are, to sing 
corusco, -are, to glitter 
creo, -are, to create, elect 
delTbero, -are, to deliberate 
equito, -are, to ride 
illustro, -are, to illuminate 
inhabito, -are, to inhabit 



judTco, -are, to judge 
laboro; -are, to work 
nato, -are, to swim 
nOmlno, -are, to call 
riumero, -are, to count 
oriio, -are, to adorn 
porto, -are, to carry 
regno, -are, to rule, govern 
sano, -are, to heal 
vulnero, -are, to wound 



— 16 — 

Translate into English, 

Dens amat homines. Folia et fructus ornant arborem. 
Sol terrain illustrat. Leonem regem quadrupedum nomina- 
mus. Romani consules suos creabant in annum\ Donec'^ eris 
felix, multos numerabis amicos. Multi homines aedificant 
domus, quas non inhabitabunt. Parentes non amare impietas^ 
est. Equus non solum ad** equitandum, sed etiam ad* portan- 
dum idoneus^ est. Felix esset senectus vestra, si in juventute 
sedulo^ laboravissetis. 

l/br one year ^as long as Hmpiety ^for ^suitable busily 

Write in Latin. 

The hunter^ had wounded the bird, but' it flew away. Our 
friend was building a house in^ the city. The nightingales* 
will soon sing in the gardens. God created heaven, earth and 
the seas. The physician will heal your disease. Let us take 
a walk in the garden. The feet of geese are adapted to^ 
swimming. The sky is full of glittering stars. The art of 
governing is very difficult. Let the judge deliberate welP on"^ 
all the circumstances^ that* he may judge well. 

WenatiSi*, -oris ^sed Hm with the Abl. ^luscinia, -ae ^^d w. Accus. 
eberie 'not to be translated ^res, rel, in the Accus., depending on deliberare ^ut 
w. the Subjunct. 

317. First Conjugation. — Passive Voice. 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present. 

a' mor, lam loved a' mer, may I he loved 

a ma' ris, tliou art loved a me' ris, be thou loved 

a ma' tur, he is loved a me' tiir, let him he loved 

a ma' miir, we are loved a me' niur, let us he loved 

a ma' mi ni, you are loved a me' mi m, he ye loved 

a man' tiir, they are loved a men' tiir, let them he loved 

Imperfect, 

a ma' bar, I was loved a ma' rer, I should he loved 

a ma ba' ris, thou wast loved a ma re' ris, thou wouldst he I. 

a ma ba' tm% he was loved a ma re' tiir, he would he loved 

a ma ba' miir, we were loved a ma re' miir, lue should he loved 

a ma ba' mi ni, you were loved a ma re' mi nl, you ivould he L 

h ma ban' tiir, they were loved a ma ren' tiir, they would he I 



17 



Indicative. 

Future. 

S, ma' bor, I shall he loved 
a ma' be ris, thou wilt he loved 
a ma' bi tiir, he will he loved 
a ma' bi mtir, we shall he loved 
a ma bi' mi ni, you will he loved 
a ma bun' tur, they will he loved 



SUBJUNCTIVB. 

(wanting) 



Perfect. 



/ have heen, or was^ loved 
rsum 

a ma' tus, -5;, -una < es 
(est 
( sii' mus 

a ma' ti, -ae, -a -< e' stis 
(sunt 



I may have heen loved 
( Sim 
a ma' tus, -a, -um 4 sis 
(sit 

isi' mus 
si' tis 
sint 



Pluperfect. 



/ had heen loved 

e' ram 

a ma' tus, -S, -una -^ e' ras 

e'rat 
e ra' mus 

a ma' ti, -ae, -3, -^ e ra' tis 

e' rant 



I might have heen loved 
es' sem 

a ma' tus, -a, -um ■{ es' ses 

es' set 
es se' mus 

a ma' ti, -ae, -a -| es s6' tis 

es' sent 



Future Perfect. 

I shall have heen loved 

e' ro 
a m^' tus, -S, -um -{ e' ris 

e' rit 

e' ri mus 
a ma' ti, -ae, -a -^ e' ri tis 

e' runt 



(wanting) 



Impeeativb. 
Singular. 

Pres. a ma' re, he thou loved 

Fut. a ma' tor, thou shalt he loved 

a ma' tor, he shall he loved a man' tor, they shall he loved 



Plural, 
a ma' mi ni, he ye loved 



18 — 



Present. 




Perfect Sing. 


Nom 


a 


Ace. 


PlUP. 


Nom 


a 


Ace. 



a ma' rl 



Infinitive. 
to be loved 



Future. 



a ma' tus, -S, -um es' se 

ama'tiiin,-ain,-uiii es'se 

a ma' ti, -ae, -a es' se 

a ma' tos, -as, -a es' se 

a ma' tfim i' ri, to he about to be loved 



to have been loved 



Pakticiples. 

Perfect. a ma' tus, a ma' ta, a ma' turn, loved, been loved, or 

having been loved 
Gerundive, a man' dus, a man' da, a man' dum, to be loved, 

deserving to be loved 

Examples for Practice. 

administro, -are, to govern laudo, -are, to praise 

compare, -are, to compare mixta, -are, to change 

delecto, -are, to delight spero, -are, to hope for 

educo, -are, to bring up, edu- vltdpero, -are, to blame, find 
cate fault with 

Translate into English. 

In the Passive Construction, the person or living agent by whom 
any thing is done, is put in the Ablative with the Preposition a, 
ab, by. To denote the means or instrument by which any thing is 
effected, the Ablative alone is used, thus: 
puer a magistro laudatur, the boy is praised by his teacher 
valetudo conservatur temperantia,7ieaZ^/i is preserved by temperance 

Onera a mulis^ et asmis portantur. Tempora mutantur, et 
nos mutamur in (ivith) illis* Parvuli^ dim a servis' educaban- 
tur. Pigri discipuli vituperantur a praeceptoribus. A bonis 
hominibus laudari prima commendatio* est. Nihil omnium 
rerum melius administratur quam mundus. MelTor est certa 
pax quam sperata victoria. Innumeri sunt raundi; omnesne* 
inhabitantur ? Humanae manus opera comparari non possunt 
(cannot) cum operibus divinis. 

^mule Hittle one ^slave ^recommendation s-ne, Interrogative particle, not to 
be translated. 

Write in Latin, 

A just man is loved by all. Kings were in former times 
elected by the people. The world has beeu created by God. 



— 19 — 

The lion is called the king of quadrupeds. They are the worst 
friends by whom we are always praised. The stars have never 
been counted and will never be counted. Our ears are de- 
lighted with^ the song of the birds. The longest life is short, 
if it is compared with^ eternity. 

•Translate: by the sung; Abl. ^cum ^, the Abl. 

318. Second Conjugation. — Active Voice. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. Supine, 

moneo, -ere, to advise monui * monitum 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present, 

mo' ne o, I advise mo' ne am, may I advise 

mo' nes, thou advisest mo' ne as, advise thou 

mo' net, he advises mo' ne at, let him advise 

mo ne' miis, we advise mo ne a' nius. let us advise 

mo ne' tis, you advise mo ne a' tis, advise ye 

mo' nent, they advise mo' ne ant, let them advise 

Imperfect, 
mo ne' bam, I was advising mo ne' rem, I should advise 
mo ne' bas, thou wast advising mo ne' res, thou wouldst advise 
mo ne' bat, Jie was advising mo ne' ret, he would advise 
mo ne ba' mus, we ivere advis'g mo ne re' miis, toe should advise 
mo ne ba' tis, you were advis^g mo ne re' tis, you would advise 
mo ne' bant, they were advis'g mo ne' rent, they would advise 

Future. 

mo ne' ho, I shall advise ^ ^ ^ T sim 

mo ne' bis, thou wilt advise ^^ !1^ ^^L ^"^' -] sis 

mo ne' bit, he will advise ~^' -um ^ ^^^ ■ ^^ about 

mo ne' bi mus, we shall advise ^ ^ _ ^ . f si' mus ( /o advise 

mo ne' bi tis, you will advice ^^ ^^ ^^^'j^' -] si' tis 

mo ne' bunt, they ivill advise ~^^' ~^ ( sint 

Perfect, 
mo' nu 1, / (have) advised mo nii' e rim, I may have adv*d 

mo nu i' sti, thou hast advised mo nii' e ris, thou mayest have a. 
mo' nftit, he has advised mo nii' e rit, he may have adv\l 

mo nu' i mus, we have advised mo nu e ri mus, we may have a. 
mo nu 1' stis, you have advised, mo nii e ri tis, you may have a. 
mo nu e' runt, they have advised mo nu' e rint, they may have a. 



— 20 — 

Indicative. Subjunctivb. 

Pluperfect. 

mo nu' e rS^in, I had advised mo nu is' sem, I sJiould have a, 
mo nil' e ras, thou hadst advised mo nu is' ses, thou wouldst h. a. 
mo nu' e rat, he had advised mo nu is' set, he would have a. 
mo nu e ra' mus, we had adv'd mo nil is se' miis, we should h. a, 
mo nil e ra' tis, you had adv'd mo nil is se' tis, you would h. a, 
mo nu' e rant, they had advised mo nu is' sent, they would h. a. 

Future Perfect. 
m5 nu' e ro, I shall have advised (wanting) 

mo nil' e ris, thou wilt have adv'd 
mo nil' e rit, he ivill have advised 
mo nil e ri miis, we shall have a. 
mo nil e ri tis, you will have a. 
mo nu' e rint, they will have a. 

Impeeative. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. mo' ne^ advise thou mo ne' te, advise ye 

Put. mo ne' to, thou shalt advise mo ne to' te, ye shall advise 
mo ne' to, he shall advise mo nen' to, they shall advise 

Infinitive. 
Pres. mo ne' re, to advise 

Perf. mo nil is' se, to have advised 

Put. Sing. Norn, mo ni tu' riis, -a, -uin es' se ) 

'' Ace. moni tu'riiin,-ain,-uni es'se [to be about to 

Plur. Norn, mo ni tu' li, -ae, -a es' se j advise 

*^ Ace. mo ni tu' ros, -as, -a es' se J 

Pabticiples. 
Pres. mo' nens, monen' tis, advising 
Put. mo ni tii' riis, mo ni tu' ra, mo ni tu' riim, about to advise 

Geetjnd. Supine.. 

Gen. mo nen' di, of advising 
Dat. mo nen' do, for advising 

Ace. mo nen' dUm, advising mo' ni tiim ) . advise 

Abl. mo nen' do, by advising . mo' ni tu ) 

Examples for Practice. 
adliTbSo, -ere, to employ ^- placeo, -ere, to please 

debeo,-ere, to owe^ ought, must praebeo, -ere, to affoi^d, give 
habeo, -ere, to have taceo, -ere, to be silent 

pareo, -ere, to obey terreo, -ere, to frighten 



— ^1 — 

The Supine is wanting: 

^rc^o,-erej to restrain timeo, -ere, to fear 

flOreo, -ere, to hloom^ blossom vireo, -ere, to be green 

Translate into English, 
Most Yerbs signifying to favor ^ please, obey, take the Dative. 

Liberi, qui parentibus parent, magnam eis praebent laeti- 
tTam\ Yere^ nihil bono homini majorem voluptatem praebet 
quam lusciniae *cantus et florentium arborum adspectusl 
Aegroti prudentem medicum adhibeant. Diogenes* habebat 
nonnisi* duo vasa, pociilum^ et dolTum'. Lex, non poena debet 
homines arcere ab injurla^ Si tacuisses, te sapientem appel- 
lavissem^ Yer adest^®, mox silvae et prata virebunt. 

\joy 2Abl. to denote time when ^sight ^Diogenes ^but ^bowl Hub ^wrong 
Ho call ^^is hei^e 

Write in Latin, 

To conjugate a Latin Yerb negatively or interrogatively, no 
Auxiliary is required, as in English. 

A good son obeys his parents. Bad men fear death. To 
whom do the songs of birds not afford pleasure ? The modesty 
of a young man will always be pleasing. A little noise^ fi-ightens 
the timid hares and mice. The roses will soon bloom. He is 
not always poor who owes money to others. To have been 
pleasing to the good is great praise. If you were wise, you 
would be silent. My son, fear the dangers of pleasure. 

Jstrepitiis, -lis 



319. Second Conjugation. — Passive Voice. 

Ljdicative. Subjunctive. 

Present. 

mo' ne or, I am advised mo' ne ar, may I be advised 

mo ne' ris, thou art advised mo ne a' ris, be thou advised 
mo ne' tur, he is advised mo ne a' tur, let him be advised 

mo ne' iiiur, we are advised mo ne a' niur, let us be advised 
mo ne' mi ni, you are advised mo ne a' mi ni, be ye advised 
mo nen' tur, they are advised • mo ne an' tur, let them be advised 



22 — 



Indicative. 



Imperfect. 



Subjunctive. 



mo ne' bS-r, I was advised mo ne' rer, I should be advised 

mo neba' ris, thou wast advised mo ne re' ris, thou wouldst he a, 
mo ne ba' tiir, he was advised mo ne re' tur, he would he a. 
mo ne ba' niur, we were advised mo ne re' niiir, we should he a. 
mo ne ba' mi ni, you were adv'd mo ne re' mi ni, you would he a. 
mo ne ban' tur, they were adv'd mo ne reu' tur, they would he a. 



Future, 
mo ne' bor, I shall he advised 
mo ne' be ris, thou wilt he adv'd 
mo ne' bi tur, he will he advised 
mo ne' bi miir, we shall he adv'd 
mo ne bi' mi ni, you will he adv'd 
mo ne bun' tur, they ^vUl he adv'd 

Perfect. 

/ have heen, or was^ advised 
C sum 
mo' ni tus, -a, -um -| es 
f est 



(wanting) 



mo' ni ti, -ae, -S. 



i su' mus 
-] e' stis 
f sunt 



/ may have heen advised 
( sim 

mo'nittis, -a, -um } sis 
(sit 
i si' mus 

mo' ni ti, -ae, -a -< si' tis 
( sint 



/ had heen advised 



mo' ni tus, -a, -um 



mo' ni ti, -ae, -a 



e' ram 
e' ras 
e'rat 
e ra' mus 
e ra' tis 
e' rant 



Pluperfect. 

I should have heen advised 
i es' sem 
mo'ni tus, -a, -um \ es' ses 



\ 



mo' ni ti, -ae, -a -J es se' tis 



I 



es' set 
es se' mus 



es' sent 



Future Perfect. 



/ shall have heen advised 
e'ro 
mo'ni tus, -a, -um -^ e' ris 

e' rit 



(wanting) 



mo' ni ti, -ae, -a 



e' rl mus 
e' ri tis 
d' runt 



-- 23 — 

Impeeattve. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. m5 ne' re, be thou advised mo ne' mi ni, be ye advised 
rut. mo ne' tor, thou shalt be a, 

mo ue' tor, he shall be adv. mo nen' tor, they shall be adv. 

Infinitive. 
Pres. mo ne' ri, to be advised 

Perf. Shg. Norn, mo'ni tiis, -a, -um es' s6 \ 

*' Ace. mo' 111 turn, -am, -um es' se ( , , ^ -, . , 

151 M ^-r«-^T \.^ X ^of ^x y to havebeen advised 

^ Plur. Norn, mo' ni ti, -ae, -a es' se [ 

** Ace. mo' ni tos, -as, -a, es' se ) 
Fui mo' ni tiim i' ri, to be about to be advised 

Participles. 
Perfect. mo' ni tus, mo' ni ta, mo' ni tiim, advised 

Grerundive. mo nen' diis, mo nen' da, mo nen' diim, to be 

advisedj deserving to be advised 
Examples for Practice. 
admonSo, -ere, to admonish exerceo, -ere, to xoractice 
coerceo, -ere, to restrain deterreo, -ere, to deter 

Translate into English, 

Nero^ timebatur ab omnibus Romanis. Agricultural dim 
a regibus exercebatur, et ab iis, qui civitatibus praeerant. 
Multa remedia adhibita sunt, at aegroto nihil profuerunt. 
Bellum neque timendum neque provocandum' est. Homines, 
quorum cupiditates non ratione coercentur, coercebuntur pau- 
pertate et vita misera. li qui non verbis deterrentur a 
scelere*, deterrebuntar poenis\ Columba terretur minimo 
strepitu. 

^I^ero ^agriculture Ho provoke ^a crime ^punishment 

Write in Latin. 

Our friends were admonished in vain. It is greater praise 
to be loved than to be feared. We are advised by our teachers 
to be^ diligent and attentive. Elephants and lions are frightened 
by fire. He who owes nothing does not fear the sheriff^ 
Hares are frightened even' by a little noise. Boys must be 
silent, if they are warned by their teachers. The power of 
the Romans was feared by all nations. You had been warned, 
my son, but you did not obey. 

^Translate; ilioX we miiy he; that, lit w. Subjunct. ^Hct^r, -5ris ^Stiam 



— 24 



S20. Third Conjugation. — Active Voice. 



Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 


Perfect. Supine. 


16go, -ere, to read 


Iggi lectum 


Indicative. 


Subjunctive. 




Present. 


le'go, I read 


le' gam, may I read 


le' gis, tliou readest 


le' gas, read thou 


le' git, lie reads 


V^' gat, let him read 


le' gi mus, we read 


16 ga' mils, let us read 


ie' gi tis, you read 


lega' tis, read ye 


W gimt, they read 


le' gant, let them read 



Imperfect. 

le ge' bam, I was reading 16' ge rem, I should read 

le ge' "bas, ^/lou i^as^ reading W ge res, ^/lou wouldst read 
16 ge' bat, he was reading le' ge ret, he would read 

le ge ba' mus, tc^ u'ere reading le ge re' mils, we should read 
le ge ba' tis, you were reading le ge re' tis, 2/01/ would read 
le ge' bant, they were reading le' ge rent, they would read 

Future. 



le' gam, I shall read 
le' ges, thou wilt read 
le' get, he will read 
le ge' mus, we shall read 
le ge' tis, you will read 
le' gent, they will read 



le' gi, / (have) read 

le gi' sti, ^7iou Ziasi read 

16' git, he has read 

le' gi mus, we have read 

le gi' stis, you have read 

le ge' runt, ^/^e^/ have read 

le' ge ram, I had read 
16' ge ras, thou hadst read 
le' ge rat, he had read 
16 ge ra' mus, i^e M(2 read 
l6 gS ra' tis, you had read 
16' ge rant, ^/le?/ had read 



lee tu' rtis, 
-a, -um 

lee tu' ri, 
-ae, -a 



rsim 

-< SIS 

(sit 

!si' mus 
sT' tis 
sint 



he about 
to read 



Perfect. 

16' ge rim, I may have read 
16' ge ris, thou may est have read 
le' ge rit. Tie maiy 7iai;e read 
16 ge ri mus, we may have read 
16 ge ri tis, i/ow ma?/ have read 
le' ge rint, they may have read 

Pluperfect. 

16 gis' sem, I should have read 
16 gis' ses, thou wouldst have r, 
le gis' set, he would have read 
16 gis se' mus, we should have r. 
le gis se' tis, you vjould have r, 
16 gis' sent, they would have read 



— 25 — 

Indicative. Subjtjnctivb, 

Future Perfect. 
16' ge ro, I shall have read (wanting) 

16' ge ris, thoa wilt have read 
16' ge rit, he will have read 
le ge ri nius, ive shall have read 
16 ge ri tis, you will have read 
16' ge rint, they will have read 

Impebattve. 

Pres. Sing. 16' ge, read thou Plur. le' gi te, read ye 

Put. '* 16' gi to, thou Shalt read '^ 16 gi to' te, ye shall read 

" 16' gi to, he shall read '* 16 gun' to, they shall read 

Infinitive. 

Pres. le' ge re, to read 

Perf. le gis' se, to have read 

Put. Sing. Norn, lee tu' riis, -a, -um es' s6 | 

" Ace. lee tu' rum, -aiii,-um es' s6 ( . . ^t,^, . . , 

-, ,, ,,.,-' J , ^ yto he about to read 

Plur. Norn, lee tu' n, -ae, -a es' se ( 

<< Ace. lee tu' ros, -as, -a es' s6 ) 

Participles. 
Pres. 16' gens, 16 gen' tis, reading 
Fui lee tu' rus, lee tu' r^, lee tu' ruin, about to read 
Geeund. Supine. 

Gen. 16 gen' di, of reading 
Dat. le gen' do, for reading 

Ace. le gen' dum, reading lee' tQm ) , 

Abl. 16 gen' do, by reading lee' tu I ^^ ^^^^ 

Examples for Practice. 
aciio, -ere, to whet^ sharpen induo, -Srg, to put on 
absolvo, -ere, to acquit minuo, -er^, to lessen^ weaken 

contribuo, -ere, to contribute tribiio, -ere, to give, confer on 
(listribuo, -Sre, to distribute volvo, -erg, to roll 

Yerb^ of the Third Conjugation form their Perfect regularly in 
-T, -tfiin, when the Infinitive-ending is preceded by u or v (Present 
iio, vo), as: 

acuo, -€rS, to sharpen acui acuttini 

volvo, -erS, to roll volvi v61utuni 

Translate into English, 

MilTtes arma induerunt et gladios^ acuenmt. MinuTmus me- 
moriam, nisi* earn exerceamus. Justus est is, qui suum culquo 



— 26 



tribuit. FluminaettamlapTdesinmarevolvimt. LectWbonoruin 
librorum acuit ingemum*. Radii® solis frigus® hiemis minuunt. 
Cor sangumem per'' totum corpus distribuit. Hodie', amici, 
optimas induite vestes'. Multi canales aquam per totam urbera 
distribuebant. Bonum librum iterum^° atque iteriim legas. 

^sward Unless ^eruaal Hntdlect ^ray ^cold ^through Ho-day Nothing 
^again 

Write in Latin, 

Tlie whetstone sharpens the knife. Our parents have con- 
tributed most^ to' our welfare. Let the judges acquit a man 
who has been falsely accused^ Laziness* weakens the powers® 
of body and mind. Justice is a virtue which gives to every 
one his own. The sun lessens the cold. The judges did not 
acquit Socrates® whom the Athenians had falsely accused. 
Time lessens even the greatest pains. 

iplurimum ^M w. Accus. ^accuso, -are ^xnertTS/, -ae ^vls, - ^SocrS- 
tes, -is 

821. Third Conjugation. — Passive Voice. 



Indicativb. 

Ig'gSr, lam read 
le' gg ris, thou art read 
le' gi tur, he is read 
Ig' gi nitir, we are read 
le gi' mi 111, you are read 
le gun' tur, they are read 



Ig ge' bar, I was read 
le ge ba' ris, thou wast read 
le ge ba' tur, he was read 
le ge ba' mur, we were read 
le ge ba' mi ni, you were read 
le gS ban' tur, they were read 



Subjunctive. 
Present. 

le' gar, may The read 
le ga' ris, he thou read 
16 ga' tur, let him he read 
Ig ga' miir, let us he read 
15 ga' mi ni, he ye read 
le gan' tiir, let them he read 
Imperfect. 

le' gg rer, I should he read 
le ge re' ris, thouwouldst he read 
le ge re' tur, he would he read 
le ge re' mur, we should he read 
le ge re' mi VL%you would he read 
le ge ren' tur, they would he read 



le' g3.r, I shall he read 
16 ge' ris, thou wilt he read 
le ge' tiir, he will he read 
le ge' miir, we shall he read 
16 ge' mi ni, you will he read 
16 gen' tiir, they will he read 



Future. 



(wanting) 



— 27 --. 

Ikdicative. Subjunctive. 

Perfect. 

I was, or have, been read I may have been read 

i sum i Sim 

lee' tSs, -a, -iim \ es lee' tiis, -S, -um ^ sis 

(est ( sit 

I su' mus i sr raus 

lee' ti, -ae, --& < e' stis lee' ti, ~ae, ~a •< si' tis 

( sunt ( sint 

Pluperfect. 

I had been read I should have been read 

e' ram ( es' sem 

lee' tSs, -a, ^Gni -( e' ras lee' tiis, -&, -Gm < es' ses 

e' rat ( es' set 

era' mus ^essg'mus 

lee' ti, -ae, -5, •{ e ra' tis lee' ti, -ae, -& ^ es se' tis 

e' rant ( es' sent 

Future Perfect. 
I shall have been read 

!e' ro (wanting) 

e' rls 
g' rit 
ie' ri mus 
e' r! ti3 
e' runt 

Imperative. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. le' ge re, be thou read le gi' mi ni, be ye read 

Put. le' gi tor, thou shall be read 

le' gi tor, he shall be read le gvin' tor, they shall be read 

Infinitive. 
Pres. le' gi, to be read 

Perf. Sing. Nom. lee' ttis, -S, -tim es' se 1 

** Ace. lee' ttim, -am, -dm es' s6 f 
Plur. Nom. lee' ti' -ae, -a es' s6 \ ^^ '^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ 

** Ace. lee' tos, -as, -ft es' se j 

Put lee' tGm i' ri, to be about to be read 

Participles. 
Perfect. lee' tfis, lee' ta, lee' ttim, read 
Gerundive, le gen' dus, 16 gen' da, le gen' diim, to be read^ de* 
serving to be read 



_ 28 — 

Examples for Practice. 
abliiS, -ere, to wash (off) instltuo, -ere, io establish 

dissolve, -ere, to dissolve solve, -ere, to solvCyfree 

Translate into English. 

Hoc aenigma, quod a nallo solutum est, solvetur a me. 
CuTlTbet homini a Deo quaedam beneiicTa tribuuntur. Ingenium 
acuTtur exercitatione\ Omnes leges dissolvuntur seditionibusl 
Bona spe min,uentur molestiae vitae. Leges civitatis Athenien- 
sis a Solone^ institutae sunt. Optamus*, ut dolores nostri 
tempore minuantur. Anno^ proximo Caesaris commentarii® a 
discipulis primae classis'' legentur. 

^practice ^rebellion ^Sdlon Ho desire ^Abl. to denote time when ^com- 
mentary 'a class 

Write in Latin. 

To-morrow^ the prizes^ will be distributed to the scholars. 
By death vre are freed from^ all cares. Knives are sharpened 
with'' a whetstone. Among^ the ancients the hands and feet 
were washed before dinner. The swords were sharpened and 
distributed among the soldiers. Your pains will not be lessened 
by impatience^, my son. The judge is condemned' when^ a 
guilty person^ is acquitted. Happy is he who has been freed 
from all cares. 

icras 2praemiu.m, -i 3gb ^. the Abl. '^Translate: "by a whetstone, Abl. 
Sinter w. Ace. ^impatientia, -ae 'condemno, -ax'e Sctim ^nocens, -tis, 
a guilty p€7'son 

S22. Fourth Conjugation. — Active Voice. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. Supine, 

audio, -ire, to hear audivi auditum 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present, 

au' di o^ I hear au' di am, may I hear 

au' dis, thou hearest au' di as, hear thou 

au' dit, he hears au' di at, let him hear 

au di' mils, we hear au di a' miis, let us heaj 

au di' tis, you hear au di a' tis, hear ye 

au' di unt, they hear au' di ant, let them hear 



p 



^ 29 — 



Indicative. Subjunctiye. 

Imperfect, 
au di e' bam, I was hearing au di' rem, I should hear 
au di e' bas, thou wast hearing au di' res, thou wouldst hear 
au di e' "bat, he was hearing au di' ret, he v:ould hear 
au di eba'mus,t^e werehearing au di re' niiis, we shoidd hear 
au die ba'tis, you were hearing au di re' tis, you would hear 
au di e' bant, they were hearing au di' rent, they would hear 

Future. 
^^x'A\^v^ I shall hear audita' rfis, 

au' di es, thou wilt hear ^ -iim 

au' di St, he ivill hear ' f sit l be about 



au di e' mus, ice shall hear j- x- , - (si' mus / to hear 

' au di tu' ri, * ' 



au di e' tis, you will hear 
au' di ent, they will hear 



-ae, -a 




Perfect, 
au di' vi, / (have) heard au di' ve rim, I may have heard 

au di vi' sti, thou hast heard au di' ve ris, thou mayest have h. 
au di' vit, he has heard au di' ve rit, he may have heard 

au di' vi miis, we have heard au di ve ri mus, we may have h. 
au di vi' stis, you have heard au di ve ri tis, you may have h. 
au di ve' runt, they have heard au di' ve rint, they may have h. 

Pluperfect, 
au di' ve ram, I had heard au di vis' sem, I should have h, 

au di' ve ras, thou hadst heard au di vis' ses, thou loouldst h. h. 
au di' ve rat, he had heard au di vis' set, he would have h. 

au di ve ra' mus, we had heard au di vis se' mus, we should h.h. 
au di ve ra' tis, you had heard au di vis se' tis, you would h. h. 
au di' ve rant, they had heard au di vis' sent, they would h. h. 

Future Perfect, 
au di' ve ro, I shall have heard (wanting) 

au di' ve riH^thou wilt have heard 
au cli' ve rit, he will have heard 
au di ve ri mus, we shall have h. 
au di ve ri tis, you will have h, 
au di' ve rint, they will have h. 

Impeeattve. 
Singular. Plural 

Pres. au' di, hear thou au di' te, hear ye 

Put. au di' to, thou shall hear au di to' te, ye shall hear 
au di' to, lie shall hear au di un' to, they shall hear 



— 30 -- 

Infinitive. 
Pres. au di' re, to hear 

Perf. au di vis' se, to have heard 

Put. Sing. Norn, au dl tu' riis, -3;, -iini es' se 

^' Ace. au dl tu'riiin-ain,-uin es'se 

Plup. Norn, au di tu' ri, -ae, -a es' se f ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ 

*' Ace. au dl tu' ros, -as, -a es' se 

Participles. 
Present, au' di ens, au di en' tis, hearing 
Future, au di tu' riis, au di tu' ra, au di tii' riim, about to hear 

Geeund. Supine. 

Gen. au di en' di, of hearing 
Dat. au di en' do, for hearing 

Ace. au di en' dum, hearing au di' tQm ) , 

Abl. au di en' do, by hearing au di' tii ) ^^^ 

Examples for Practice. 
condio, -ire, to season, embalm nutri5, -ire, to nourish, feed 
custodio, -ire, to guard, watch oboedio, -ire,7o obey 
dormio, -ire, to sleep punio, -ire, to punish 

erudio, -ire, to instruct scio, -Ire, to know 

impedio, -ire,to hinder, postpone servio, -ire, to serve 
nescio, -ire, not to know vestio, -ire, to clothe 

Translate into English, 
EuLE. Cause, Manner and Instrument are put in the Ablative. 

Dum vos seciiri^ dormitis, vigTles^ urbem custodiunt. Ye- 
teres Germani dormiebant in' pellTbus* ferarum^ Canes greges 
et domus custodiunt. Calamitates erudiunt homines eosque 
prudentiores ^eddunt^ Mors patris nuptlas sororis impedivit. 
Spartanorum' cenam labor et fames condiebant. Numquam 
pauper eris, si naturae vocem audies. Natura oculos vestlvit 
tenuissTmis® membranis^ Multas res, quas nunc nescTmus, 
aliquando sciemus, si semper verba magistri attente audive- 
rimus. 

i/reej^om care Watchman ^on ^skin ^wild beast Ho make, from reddo, 
-Si'S "^Spartan Hhin ^membrane 

Write in Latin, 

Man knows nothing without^ instruction. The sheep nou- 
rishes man with* its flesh, and clothes him withMts wooh 



— 31 — 

I now know many things which I did not know in former times. 
The Persians punished the ungratefuP. The Egyptians® em- 
bahned the dead' and preserved^ them at home. Seas and lands 
obey God^ Hear the voice of conscience, boys. The teacher 
will not punish a diligent and attentive scholar. No one can 
serve two masters^ 

'sine w. Abl. ^doctrlnS;, -ae ^Ab\. "^lanS., -ae Mngratiis, -i ^^egyp- 
ttiis, -i 'mortuu-S, -i Sservo, -arS ^Dative 

323. Fourth Conjugation. — Passive Voice. 

iNDicATrsTK. Subjunctive. 

Present, 

au' di 6r, lam heard au' di 5-r, may I he heard 

au di' ris, thou art heard au di a' ris, he thou heard 

au di' tur, he is heard au di a' tfir, let him he heard 

au di' mur, we are heard au di a' mur, let us he heard 

au di' mi iii, you are heard au di a' mi ni, he ye heard 

au di un' tur, they are heard au di an' tur, let them he heard 

Imperfect, 
au di e' b^r, I was heard au di' rer, I should he heard 

au di e ba' ris, thou wast heard au di re' ris, thou wouldst h. h, 
au di e ba' tur, he was heard au di re' tur, he would he heard 
au di e ba' mur, ivewere heard au di re' mur, we should he h. 
au di e ba' mi ni, you were h, au di re' mi ni, you would he h. 
au di e ban' tflr, they were h. au di ren' tiir, they would he h. 

Future, 
au' di ar, I shall he heard (wanting) 

au di e' ris, thou wilt he heard 
au di e' tur, he will he heard 
au di e' milr, we shall he heard 
au di e' mi ni, you will he heard 
au di en' tHr, they will he heard 

Perfect. 
IwaSj or have, heen heard I may have been heard 

sum ( Sim 

au di' ttis, -5., -tim •{ Ss au di' tiis, -&, -iim ^ sis 

(sit 

( si' mus 
au dr ti, -ae, ^& -{e' stis au dV ti, -ae, -ft -< si' tis 




n 



^ 



— 32 — 

Indicative. Subjunctivb. 

Pluperfect. 

/ Jiad been heard I should have been heard ) 

e' ram { es' sem 

au 6.V ttis, -a, -tim •{ 6' ras au dl' tiis, -&, -iim -J es' ses 

e' rat ( es' set 

6 ra' mus ( es se' mus 

au dl' ti, -ae, -3, ^ e ra' tls au di' ti, -ae, -SL ) es se' tis 

e' rant (es'sent 

Future Perfect. 
I shall have been heard (wanting) 

r e' r5 
au di' ttis, -a, -tlm } e' ris 

( g' rit 

!6' ri mus 
e' ri tls 
g' runt 

Impebative. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. au di' re, be thou heard au di' mi m, be ye heard 

Put. au dl' tor, thou shalt be h. 

au di' tdr, he shall be heard au di un' t6r,they shallbe heard 

Infinitive. 
Pres. au di' ri, to be heard 

Perf. Sing. Norn, au di' tiis, -a, -um es' se \ 

*^ Ace. au dl' tiiin, -am, -um es' sg ( ^ , , , 

Tji Ki ^-» ^- i r,, r.- r lo have been heard 

Plur. Norn, au di' ti, -ae, -& es' se i 

** Ace. au dl' tos, -as, -a es' s6 ' J 

Put. au dr turn i' ri, to be about to be heard 

Paeticiples. 
Perfect, au di' ttis, au di' ta, au di' tiim, heard 
Gerundive, au di en' dus, au di en' da, au di en' dum, to be heard^ 
deserving to be heard 

Examples for Practice, 
finio, -ire, to finish l6nio, -irS, to soothe 

insigniO, -irg, to distinguish munio, -ire, to fortify, protect 

Translate into English, 

Concordia* magis quam operibus^ imperia' muniuntur. In 
civium discordiis* odium partium*^ non finltur cum bello. Etiam 



— 33 — 

maximi dolores tempore lenientur. Munltae sunt palpSbrae^ 
tamquam vallo' pilorum®. Nutrimlni et vCwStimtni a parcntibus 
vestris. Improbi^ post mortem a judTce scvero^® judicabuntur 
et punientur. Pueri etpuellae sciiolas frequentaut", ut erudian- 
tur. Ab ImperatvOrc Yespasiauo^^ primo^^ nemo innoccns^* 
punltus est. Impcratoris Titi^* brevis principatus^^ tribus 
magnis calamitatibus insignltiis erat. 

^concord ^military loorks ^empire ^discord ^party-hatred ^eyelid '^ram- 
part ^hair ^wicked ^^severe ^Ho go to 12 Vespasian ^^atfirst ^Hnnocent 

Write in Latitt, 

Alexander the Great was instructed by Aristotle\ The 
meal of the Spartans was seasoned by labor, sweat^, running 
and hunger. Pains are soothed by hope. We are best^ in- 
structed by examples. The dead were embalmed by the Egyp- 
tians. The fish in the sea and the birds in the air are fed by 
God. The city of Troy had been fortified by the inhabitants 
with strong^ walls^ Those will be justly' punished who do not 
obey the laws^ The Roman boys were instructed by Greek 
slaves. 

lAristoteles, -is ^sudor, -oris ^optime ^not to be translated 5firmu.s, 
-a, -"liirL ^muiu-s, -i ^juig ^Jj2iXiwQ» 



Deponent Verbs. 

324:. Deponent Verbs have the form of the Passive 
Voice with an Active signification, as: hortor, hortari, 
to exhort, hortatus sum, the Perfect hortatus sum 
representing at the same time tlie Supine hortatum. 

325. Deponent Verbs have Four Participles: 
the Present Participle, as: hortans, exhorting 

the Perfect Participle, as: hortatus, having exhorted 

the Fut. Part. Act., as: hortatrirus, being about to exhort 

the Fut. Part. Pass., as: hortandiis, to be exhorted, 

326. The Future Infinitive is always to be given in the Active 
form, thus; hort^turus esse, to be about to exhort (not bortatum irlj. 



34 — 



S27. Deponent of the First Conjugation, 



Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 
hortdr, -ari, to exhort 

Indicative. 

I exhort 
hor' tor 
hor ta' ris 
hor ta' tur 
hor ta' mur 
hor ta' mi ni 
hor tan' tur 



Present. 



Perfect, 
hortatus sum 

SUBJUNCnVB. 

/ may exhort 
hor' ter 
hor te' ris 
hor te' ttir 
hor te' niur 
hor te' mi nl 
hor ten' tur 



/ was exhorting 
hor ta' bar 
hor ta "ba' ris 
hor ta ba' tur 
hor ta ba' miir 
hor ta ba' mi ni 
hor ta ban' tGr 



I shall exhort 
hor ta' bor 
hor ta' be ris 
hor ta' bi ttir 
hor ta' bi mur 
hor ta bi' mi ni 
hor ta bun' ttir 



I (have) exhorted 

' sum 
hor ta' tus, -&, -tlm -{ es 

est 



Imperfect. 

I should exhort 
hor ta' rer 
hor ta re' ris 
hor ta re' tur 
hor ta re' mur 
hor ta re' mi ni 
hor ta ren' tur 

Future. 

I may he about to exhort 
( m 
hor ta ta ' riis, -&, -vtm ■< sis 

(sit 

( si' mus 
hor tata' ri, -ae, -S. •< si' tis 

( sint 

Perfect. 

I may have exhorted 

Sim ^ 
hor ta' tQs, -&, -Qm -^ sis 

sit 



isii' mils 
e' stis hor ta' ti, -ae, -& 
sunt 



( si' mus 
^ si' tis 
(sint 



— 35 



Indicativis. 

I had exhorted 
hor ta' ttis, -&, -flin 



hor ta' ti, -ae, -& 



Subjunctive, 
Pluperfect. 

I should have exhorted 
e' ram i es' s^m 

e' ras hor ta' tiis, -&, -uin •< es' sGs 
e'rat 
e ra' mus 

e ra' tis hor ta' ti, -ae, -S. 
e' rant 




I 



set 
es s6' mus 
es se' tiS 
es' sent 



Future Perfect 



I shall have exhorted 
hor ta' tfis, -&, -iiin 



1 



€'r5 
g'ris 
e'rit 



(wanting) 



hor ta' ti, -ae, -^ 



r e' ri mtls 
-J e' ri tis 
( e' runt 



Impeeattvb. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. hor ta' re, exhort thou hor ta' mi ni, exhort ye 

Fut. hor ta' tor, thou shalt exhort 

hor ta' tor, he shall exhort hor tan' t6r, they shall exhort 



iNFiNirrvB. 
hor ta' ri, to exhort 



Pres. 

Perf. Sing. Nom. hor ta' tus, -a, -tim es' s6 

" Ace. hor ta' turn, -am, -um es' se 

Plur. Nom. hor ta' ti, -ae, -a es' se 

*' Ace. hor ta' tos, -as, -3, es' se 

Put. Sing. Nom. horta tfi' riis, -5,, -iim es'se 

*' Ace. hortatQ'rum,-am,-um es'sg 

Plur. Nom. hortatQ'ri, -ae, -a es'se 

" Ace. hor ta tu' ros, -as, -ft es' sg 



to have exhorted 



to he about to 
exhort 



Participles. 

Present, hor' tans, hor tan' tis, exhorting 

Perfect. hor t^ tQs, hor ta' tft, hor ta' ttim, having exhorted 

Fut. Act. hor ta tu' rUs, hor ta tu' rS, hor ta tu' rflm, about to 

exhort 
Gerundive, hor tan' dns, hor tan' da, hor tan' diim, to be exhorted 



— 36 — 

Gerund. Supine. 

Gen. hor tan' di, of exhorting 

Dat. hor tan' do, /or exhorting 

Ace. hor tan' diini, exhorting hor ta' turn ) 

Abl. hor tan' do, by exhorting hor ta' tti j ^^ ^^'^^'^^ 



Examples for Practice. 

adhortSr, -ari, to exhort minSr, -ari, to threaten 

admlrdr, -ari, to admire nidulor, -ari, to make a nest 

arbitrdr, -ari, to regard^ con- 5p6ror, -ari, to he busy 

sider pisc5r, -ari, to fish 

consol5r, -ari, to comfort proellor, -ari, to fight 

imitdr, -ari, to imitate recordSr, -ari, to remember 

venor, -ari, to hunt 

Translate into English, 

Miseri se consolantur spe meliorum temporum. Nero aureis 
retibus piscatus est. Qiiis iion admiretiir^ splendorem^ pul- 
chritudmemque^ virtutis? Homo improbus aliquaiido cum 
dolore flagitiorum suorum recordabitur. Puer saepe adhor- 
tandus est. Apud vetercs Germanos pedites proeliabantur 
inter equites. Quid stultius est quam in aere piscari veP in 
mari venari? Socrates totlus mundi se incolam et civem arbi- 
trabatur. 

^Potential Subjxmct. to be translated by would ^splendor ^beauty *or 

Write in Latin. 

Let us imitate the ants which are busy also at night\ Who 
has fished with golden nets ? The name of Socrates will be in 
the mouths^ of all who admire virtue. Hope comforts the 
wretched. Last^ year a stork* made its nest on the roof of our 
house. Parrots^ magpies® and starlings' have often imitated 
the sounds of the human voice. Punishment threatens the 
wicked®, and yet® they (hi) do not imitate the examples of 
virtue. 

'noctu, at night ^Translate in the moidh ^praetenttis, -a, -iini ^ciconiS/, 
-ae fipsittacus, -i ^picS,, -a^ 'sturniis, -i ^Dative H^mQix 



— 37 — 



328. Deponent of the Second Conjugation. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. 

v6reor, -eri, to fear vSritus sum 



Indicative, 

Ifear 
v6' rg 5r 
ve re' ris 
ve re' tiir 
v6 re' niur 
v6 re mi ni 
v6 ren' tur 



Present 



Subjunctive. 

I may fear 
ve' re 5.r 
ve re a' ris 
ve re a' tur 
vS re a' mtir 
ve re a' mini 
v6 re an' tiir 



Imperfect. 



I was fearing 
v6 re' h^r 
v6 re ba' ris 
ve re ba' tur 
ve re ba' mur 
v6 re ba' mi ni 
v6 re ban' ttir 



I should fear 
v6 re' rer 
ve re re' ris 
ve re re' tur 
ve re re' mur 
ve re re' mi ni 
ve re ren' tur 



Future. 



IshaJlfear 
v6 re' bor 
v6 re' be ris 
v6 re' bi tur 
v6 re' bi miir 
v6 re bi' mi ni 
v6 re bun' tur 



/ may he about to fear 

^ _., ^ Csim 
v6ri tu' rus, 

-a, -um 

v^ritu' ri, 
-ae, -a 




Perfect. 



I (have) feared 



v6' ri lus, -a, -um 



vg' ri ti, -ae, -a 




su' mus 
e' stis 
suut 



I may have feared 

5 Sim 
sis 
sit 

isl' mus 
si' tis 
sint 



_ 38 — 



Indicativb. 
Iliad feared 
W ri tus, -a, -tim 

ve' ri ti, -ae, -S 

I shall have feared 
vS' ri tiis, -a, -um 



SUBJXJNCTITB. 

Plnperfect. 

I should have feared 



v6' ri tiis, -a, -lim 



e' ram 

6' ras 

e'rat 

e ra' raiis 

e ra' tis vg' ri ti, -ae, -a 

e' rant 

Future Perfect. 



sSm 

s6s 

set 
es se' miis 
es se' tis 
es' sent 



e' ro 



(wanting) 



ve' ri ti. 



-ae, -5> 



Plural, 
ve re' nii ni, fear ye 



e' ns 
e' rit 
e' ri mus 
e' ri tis 
e' runt 

Impekativb. 
Singular. 

Pres. ve re' re, fear thou 

Put. ve re' tor, thou shaltfear 

ve re' tor, he shall fear ve ren' tor, they shall fear 

Infinitive. 
Pres. ve re' ri, to fear 

Perf. Sing. Nom. ve' ritiis, -a, -mn es' s6' 
'^ Ace. ve' ri turn, -am, -um es' se 
Nom. ve' ri ti, -ae, -a es' se 
Ace. ve' ri tos, -as, -a es' se 
Nom. ve ri tCi' rus, -a, -uin es' 



Plur. 



to have feared 



Put. Sing. 



se 



Plur. 



to be about io 
fear 



Ace. ve ri tu' rum, -am, -um es' se 
Nom. ve ri tu' ri, -ae, -a es' se 
Ace. ve ri tu' ros, -as, -a es' se 
Participles. 
Present. v"' rens, ve ren' tis, fearing 
Perfect. ve' ri tus, ve' ri ta, ve' ri tum, having feared 
Put. Act. ve ri tu' rus, ve ri tii' ra, ve ri tu' rum, about to fear 
Gerundive, veren' dus, ve ren' da, ve ren' dtim, to be feared 
Gerund. Supine. 

Gen. vhven^ dl, of fearing 
Dat. ve ren' do, for fearing 
Ace. ve ren' dum, fearing vS' ri tQm 

Abl. v6 ren' do, by fearing v^' ri tu 



[ to fear 



_ 39 — 

Examples for Practice. 
. intu€6r, -eri, to look at, behold polliceor, -eri, to promise 
merSor, -eri, to deserve revere5r, -eri, to reverence 

mlsereor, -eri, to pity tiieor, -eri, to look to, protect 

Translate into English, 

Jucundum est mare a terra intueri. Suos^ quisque debet 
tueri. Si Deiis nos tuetur, quid nobis verendum est ? Miserere 
pauperum, nam misericordia^ omnes homines ornat. Catillna* 
socTis maria et montes* pollicitus erat. Cicero optime de re- 
publica morttus erat. Lacedaemonii^ senes et leges revereban- 
tur. IntuemTni Romanos; initio^ urbs eorum parva fuit et 
ignobilis'; sed fortitudinc', justitia, temperantia® imperium 
orbis terrai^um paraverunt^\ 

Hliose dear to one ^pUy ^OatUine ^seas and mourdains^wonders ^Lacedae- 
monian ^at the beginning "^unknown ^bravery temperance ^^to obtain 

Write in Latin. 

An innocent man will not fear the judge. Behold the 
nightly* heaven and admire the majesty^ of God. Many fear 
public opinion'', few conscience. The Romans promised (to) 
the Athenians help against king Philip. My son, reverence 
(thy) parents and teachers. The general has promised rewards* 
to the soldiers. Our friends have promised assistance to us, 
and they will surely* protect us. The law protects all the 
citizens, let the magistrates protect the laws. 

inocturniis, -JI-, -u.ni Smajestas, -atis ^fama, -ae, publiG opinion 
<praemTu.iri, -i ^certo 

329. Deponent of the Third Conjugation. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect, 

sequor, -i, to follow secutus sum 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present. 

se' quor, I follow s6' quar, I may follow 

se' que ris s6 qua' ris 

s6' qui tur s6 qua' tur 

se' qui mur s6 qua' mur 

se qui' mi ni sS qua' mi nl 

se quuii' tur sS quan' tur 



^0 — 



Indicative. 

Imperfect. 

se que' bar, I was following 

se que ba' ris 

se que ba' tur 

se que ba' mur 

se que ba' ini ni 

se que ban' tur 

Future. 



SUBJUNCnVB. 

se' que rer, I should follow 

se que re' ris 

se que re' tur 

se que re' inur 

se que re' mi ni 

s6 que ren' tur 

I may be about to follow 



sS cu tu' rus, 
-a, -um 

se cti tu' ri, 
-ae, -3. 




Perfect. 



IshaUfolloio 

se' quS-r 
se que' ris 
se que' tur 
se que' mur 
se que' mi ni 
s6 quen' tur 

I (have) followed 
se cu' tus, -a, -um 

se cti' ti, -ae, -3. 

I had followed 

6' ram ( es' sera 

se cu' tus, -3, -um -^ e' ras se cu' tus, -a, -um -] es' ses 

e' rat ( es' set 

e ra' mus 
se cu' ti, -ae, -a -{e ra' tis se cu' ti, -ae, -a 

e' rant 



I may have followed 

sTm 
sis 
sit 

sV mus 
si' tla 
sunt ( sint 

Pluperfect. 

I should have followed 




sS cu' tus, -3, -um 



se cu' ti, -ae, -a 



es sg'mus 
es se'tis 
es' sent 



Future Perfect. 
I shall Jiave followed 

6' ro 
se c(i' tiis, -a, -um -^ e' ris 

g'rit 
e' ri mils 
s6 cu' ti, -ae, -S» ^ e' ri tis 

e' runt 



(wanting) 



— 41 — 

Impebative. 
Singular. Plural. 

Pres. se' que re, folloic thou se qui' mi ni, follow ye 

Fut. se' qui tor, thou shall follow 

se' qui tor, he shall follow se quun' tor, they shall follow 

Infinitive. 
Pres. se' qui, to follow 

Perf. Sing. Nom. se cu' liis, -a, -um es' se 
*' Ace. se cu' tiliii,-~am,-iini es' se 
Plur. Nom. se cu' ti, -ae, -a es' se 
'' Ace. se cu' tos, -as, -a es' se 
Fut. Sing. Nom. se cu tu' rus,-a, -um es' se 
'* Ace. secritu'riina,-ain,-uni es'se 
Plur. Nom. se cu tii' ri, -ae, -a es' se 
*' Ace. se cu tu' ros, -as, -a es' s6 



to have followed 



tobe about to follow 



Participles. 

Present, se' quens, se quen' tis, following 

Perfect, se cu' ttis, se cu' ta, se cu' turn, having followed 

Fut. Act. se cu tu' rus, se cu tu' ra, se cu tu' rum^ about to follow 

Gerundive, se quen' dus, se quen' da, se quen' dum, to be followed. 

Gerund. Supine. 

Gen. se quen' di, of following 
Dat. se quen' do, for following 

Ace. se quen' dum, following sg cu' tuin ]^ ^^ follow 

Abl. ^Q (\\xeii' do^ by following se cu' tu \. 

Examples for Practice. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect, 

fruor, -i, to enjoy friiitus sum 

irascor, -i, to be angry iratus sum 

loquor, -1, to speak locutus sum 

nanciscor, -T, to obtain ' nacttis sum 

proficiscor, -i, to set out, travel profectus sum 

utor, -i, to use usiis sum 

Translate into English. 

Rule, utor and fruor govern the Ablative Case. 

Audi multa\ loquere pauca^ Dc^ rebus* futtlris loqui sem- 
per difRcTle est. Plerlque in caelo majore felicitate fruentur 



— 4.2 — 

quam in "hac terra fruiti sunt. XJtTmur non eSdem grammatical 
Latlna®, qua vos utimini. Pater meus in Italiam profecturus' 
est; omnia jam, quae ad proficiscendum pertinent', compara- 
vit^ Castor^® pedibus anterioribus" ut^'^ manibus utitur. 
Veteres pictores^* non usi sunt plus quam quattuor colonbus. 
Per^* epistulas loquimur cum absentibus^^ amicis. 

^much mule ^about ^evertt ^grammar ^Laiin Hs about to set oiU Ho 
belong Ho provide ^^beaver ^"^forepaw ^^as ^^painter ^*by means of 
^^absent 

Write in Latin, 

We shall always follow the paty of virtue. Those who en- 
joy good health, are rich. The eyes speak sometimes more 
eloquently^ than the mouth. Repentance^ follows hasty* counseP. 
A good man will protect his friends and be angry with® his 
enemies. God has promised (to) good men eternal happiness 
which they will obtain in heaven. Spring follows winter. He 
who has obtained virtue has obtained a happy life. 

H'lS/, -ae 2eloqueiitiu3 Spaenitentia;, -ae ^veloxi, -ocis Sconailiixm, 
-5 exranslate: to his enemies. 



330. Deponent of the Fourth Conjugation. 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. 

blandiSr, -iri blanditQs sum 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present. 

blan' di 6r, I flatter blan' dl ^r, I may flatter 

blan di' ris blan di a' ris 

blan di' tur blan di a' tiir 

blan di' mur blan di a' mGr 

blan di' mi ni blan di a' mi ni 

blan di uu' tiir blan di an' tur 

Imperfect, 

blan di e'-b^r, I was flattering blan di' rer, I should flatter 

blan di e ba' ris blan di re' ris 

blan di e ba' tiir blan di re' tiir 

blan di e ba' mur blan di re' mtir 

blan di e ba' mi ni blan di re' mi ni 

blan di e ban' ttir blan di ren' tur 



43 — 



Indioatitb. 

blan' di 5r, / shall flatter 

blaii di e' ris 

blan di e' tur 

blau di e' mQr 

blan di e' mi ni 

blan di en' ttir 



SuBJUNCTiVB. 



Future. 



, , , w ( Sim 

blanditu'rus, j g^g 

>a, -uin |g.^ , be about 

( sr mus/ to flatter 
blandltu'ri, Jg^^jg 



/ (have) flattered 

'sum 
blan dV tiSs, -&, -um -{ es 

est 



blan di' ti, -ae, -& 



Perfect. 

/ may have flattered 

^sim 
blan dV tus, -a, -um } sis 

(sit 

C six' mus ( si' mus 

< e' stis blan di' ti, -ae, -& -| si' tis 
( sunt ( sint 



I had flattered 
blan di' tiis, -&, -lim 



Pluperfect. 

/should have flattered 
S' ram (es'sgm 

ras blan di' tus, -Sr, -um -| es' ses 
( e' rat ( es' set 

6 ra' mus ^ es se' mus 



rg'ra 
-< e' rai 



! 



blan di' ti, -ae, -3. -< e ra' tls blan di' ti, -ae, -& 



I shall have flattered 
blan di' tiis, -&, -tim 



blan di' ti, -ae, -& 



e' rant 


(es 


Future Perfect 




e'ro 

e'ris 
e'rit 
e' ri mus 
6' rt tis 
g' runt 


(wanting) 


Impebativb. 


Plural. 


thou blan di' 


mi ni, flatter ye 




Singular. 

Pres. blan di' rg, flatter thou 
Fut. blan di' tor ^ihou shalt flatter 

blan di' tor, he shall flatter blan di un' t5r, they shall flatter 



- 44 — 

Infimitive. 
Pres. blan di' ri, to flatter 

Perf. Sing. Norn, blan di' tus, -a, -um es' sg 
'' Ace. blan dl' tuiii,-ain,-uiii es' se 
Plur. Norn, blan dl' ti, -ae, -a es' se \ ^^ have flattered 

" Ace. blan di' tos, -as, -^ es' se 
Put. Sing. Norn, blandi tu' rus, -a, -um es' se ] 

'<- Ace. blan di tu' rum, -am, -um es' se f to he about to 
Plur. Norn, blan di tu' ri, -ae, -a es' se ( Hatter 

^' Ace. blan di tu' ros, -as, -5» es' s§ j 

Participles. 
Present, blan' di ens, blan di en' tis, flattering 
Perfect. blan di' tus, blan di' ta, blan di' tum, having Hattered 
Put. Act. blan di tu' rus, blan di tu' ra, blan di tu' rum, about 

to flatter 
Gerundive, blan di en' dtis, blan di en' da, blan di en' dum, to be 

flattered 

Geeund. Supine, 

Gen. blan di en' di, of flattering 
Dat. blan di en' do, for flattering 
Ace. blan di en' dum, flattering blan di' tum ) 
Abl. blan di en' do, by flattering blan di' tu ) io flatter 

Examples for Practice, 
largior, -iri, to bestow partior, -iri, to share j divide 

mentior, -iri, to lie potior, -iri, to possess one's self 

molior, -iri, to strive sorlior, -iri, to draw lots 

Translate into English. 
cum, in company with. — apud, at the house of; in the eyes of, 
Parvae causae magnas saepe res moliuntur. Ad^ hominum 
commoditatem^ et usus natura ingentem^ reruni copTam largita 
est. Antomus et Octavianus* imperiuni orbis terrannn inter 
se partiti sunt. Qui blandiuntur plorumque non procuP ab- 
sunt a mentiendo. Cum amicus semper omnes dolores^ et omnia 
gaudia partiamur. Praetores' Romani quotannis^ provincTas^ 
sortiebantur. Mentlri semper turpe^*^ est; sed turpissimum^^, 
si mentiaris apud parentes et praeceptores. 

'^for ^cowfort Hmmense "^Odavianus ^far ^son^ow "^praetor ^everyyear 
^promnoe ^^base "^^ extremely base* 



— 45 — 

Write in Latin, 

The sun gives boimtifully the same light to all lands. Let 
us share our bread Avith the poor. Honest men do not hear 
the voice of flattering people. Epaniinondas^ never told a lie. 
Tarquinius Superbus^ took possession of the kingdonl^ The 
best friends will be those who share joys and sorrows with 
(their) friends. Socrates would certainly have been acquitted 
if he had flattered (to) the judges. You will be punished, 
boys, because you told a lie. Parents share their goods with 
(their) children. 

lEpamlnonda/S, -ae sxarqulniiis Stiperb\is (-i, -i) ^regnixm, -i; 
potior, -iri governs the Abl. 

Appendix to the Third Conjugation. 

Verbs in lo. 

SSI. Some Verbs of the Third Conjugation insert 
i before the ending of the Present, as: caper e, to 
take; capio, I take. This i appears likewise in all 
the other forms derived from the Present and In- 
finitive, but not before another i or e, except in the 
third person of the Future Active: caplet, he will take. 





Active Voice. 




Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 




Perfect. 


Supine. 


capIo, -ere, to take 




c6pi 


captiim 


Indicative. 


Present. 


• Subjunctive. 


• 


/ take 


. 


I may take 




ca' pi 




ca' pi am 




ca' pTs 




ca' pi as 




ca' pit 




ca' pi at 




ca' pT mtis 




ca pi a' mus 




ca' pT tis 




ca pi a' tIs 




ca' pi unt 




ca' pi ant 





46 — 



Indicatiyb. 
I was taking 


Imperfeoi 


SuBTONCnVB. 

I might take 


ca pi e' bam 




ca' pe rem 


ca pi e' bas 




ca' p6 res 


ca pi e' bat 




ca' pg ret 


ca pi e ba' mus 




ca p6 re' mils 


ca pi 6 ba' tis 




ca pe re' tis 


ca pi e' bant 


Huture. 


ca' pe rent 


I shall take 




Iviay he about to take 


ca' pi am 
ca' |)i es 
ca' pi et 




cap tu' riis, j^!^ 


ca pi 6' mus 
ca pi 6' tis 
ca' pi ent 




' V sint 


Singular. 


Imperative. 


Plural. 


Pres. ca' pe, take thou 




ca' pi te, take ye 


Put. ca' pi to, thou Shalt take 


ca pi to' te, ye shall taJce 


ca' pi to, he shall take 




ca pi un' to, they shall take 



41 



Gen. 
Dat. 



Participle. 
Present, ca' piens, -tis, taking 

Infinitive. 
Pres. ca' pS rg, to take 
Gerund. 
ca pi en' di, of taking Ace. 

ca pi en' do, for taking Abl. 



ca pi en' dum, taking 
ca pi en' do, by taking 



Passive Voice. 



Indicative. 

I am taken 
ca' pi or 
ca' pe ris 
ca' pi tur 
ca' pi mur 
ca pi' mi nl 
ca pi un' t^ 



Present. 



Subjunctive. 



I may be taken 
ca' pi ar 
ca pi a' ris 
ca pi a' tilr 
ca pi a' mur 
ca pi a' mi nl 
ca pi an' tflr 



47 — 



Indicative. 

/ was taken 
ca pi S' bar 
ca pi e ba' rls 
ca pi e ba' tur 
ca pT 6 ba' miir 
ca pi 5 ba' nil ni 
ca pi 5 ban' tur 



Imperfect. 



Subjunctive. 

/ might be taken 
ca' pe rgr 
ca pe re' rls 
ca pe re' tur 
ca p6 r6' mur 
ca pe re' mi ni 
ca pe ren' tiir^ 



Future. 



(wanting) 



I shall he taken 
ca' pi ar 
capi^'ris 
ca pi 6' tur 
ca pi e' mur 
ca pt 6' ml ni 
ca pi en' tur 

Impebativs. 
Singular. Plural 

Pres. ca' pe re, he thou taken ca pi' mi ni, he ye taken 

Fut. ca' pi tor, thou shalt he taken 

ca' pi tor, he shall he taken ca pi un' tor, they shall he taken 



iNnNITIVE, . 



Pres. ca' pi, to he taken 



Pabticiple. 
Gerundive, ca pi en' dus, ca pT en' da, ca pi en' dum, to he taken 

332. Verbs of the Third Conjugation ending in 
16, lor, are the following: 

Active Verbs. 



capTo, -ere, to take, catch 
cuplO, -Sre, to desire 
facTo, -erg, to make 
fodlo, -erg, to dig 
fugio, -erg, to flee 

and Compounds of the obsolete 
[-laeio, I entice] 



jacio, -ere, to throw 
parTo, -ere, to breed 
quatio, -ere, to shake 
rapTo, -grg, to snatch away 
sapio, -grg, to he wi$Q 

[-spgciO, / see] 



— 48 — 

Deponent Verbs, 
gradior, -i, to go patior, -i, to suffer 

morior, -i, to die 

The parts on the Perfect and Supine steins do not vary from the 
usual formation (see 368), 

Translate into E^tglish. 

Mors tarn* rapit juvenes quam^ senes. Prudens est is, quern 
facTunt aliena^ pericula cautum^ Quid facTet is homo in tene- 
bris, qui nihil timet nisi* testem^ et judiccm? Elephantum ex^ 
mure facis, amice. Quo' plura homines habent, eo*^ plura cu- 
pTunt. Nemo aureis ligonTl)us fodict terram. Vir sapit, qui 
loquitur pauca. Duos qui sequTtur lepores, neutrum capit. 
Ratio docct®, quid facere, quid fugere debeamus. Corpus no- 
strum morietur, non animus. 

^as well, .as ^of others ^cautious *hid ^witness ^of Wie..the Ho teach 

Write in Latin. 

A good man suffers all misfortunes for^ his country. When' 
we die, only the body dies, not tlie soul. Opportunity^ makes 
the thief. Many hands make the burden lighter\ In the 
great sea fish are caught. The eagle does not catch flies. 
One swallow does not make a spring. Too much familiarity^ 
breeds contempts Bees make honey from' various^ flowers. 
The gardens of tlie Romans were dug by slaves. 

ipro w. Abl. 2si 3occasiS, -onis ^levis. -S sf^m^liarttas, -a>t:is 
Ccontemptu-s, -lis ^ex w. Abl. Svariiis, -a, --linx 

Special Forms in Conjugation. 

383. The following Special Forms are found in 

many Yerbs: 

Perfects in avT, evi, Tvi, and the tenses derived from them, 
drop the v before s or r, and contract the vowels throughout, 
except those in ivi, which do not admit the contraction of i-e 
before r. In like manner nOvI, / Tcnow^ and its compounds are 
contracted. 



1 



— 49 



avi 



Perfect, 



Ind. 



amavisti amasti 



6vi 



delevisti delesti 



amavistis 
amaverunt 
SuBj. amaverim 
Inf. amavisse 



Ind. amaveram 
SuBj. amavissem 



Ind. amavero 



amastis 
am ar lint 
amarim, &c. 

amasse 



delevistis delestis 

deleveriint delerunt 

deleverim delerim, &c. 

delevisse delesse 



Pluperfect. 

amaram, &c. deleveram d^leram, &c. 

deievisseiii delessem, &e. 



amassein,&c 



ivi 



Future Perfect, 
amaro, &c. dslev^ro delero, &c. 

ovi 



Ind. 



audivisti 



Perfect, 
audisti nOvisti 



audivistis 
audiverunt 
SuBj. audiveriiii 
Inf. audivisse 



audistis 
audieriint 

audierim, &c. 
audisse 



novistis 

nOveriint 

noverim 

nOvisse 



nosti 



nostis 
noriint 
nOrim, &c. 

nosse 



noram, &c. 

nossem, &c. 



Pluperfect. 

Ind. audiveram audieram, &c. nOverSm 

SuBj. audivissem audissem, &c. nOvissem 

Future Perfect. 
Ind. audivero audigro, &c. nOVSro 

Mark that the Future Perfect of novl is nOvSro uncontracted. 

334. In the Perfect Ind. Act. (3rd pars. Plur.) ere for erimt is 

often found, thus: 

aniaverS for amaverunt, they (have) loved 
monuerg *^ monuerunt, they (have) advised 
legerS ** legeriint, they (have) read 
audlvere ^' audiverunt, they (have) heard 



— 50 — 

835. In the second person of the Passive we often find rS for* 
rls, thus: 

amerS for ameris, thou mayest he loved 
amabare *' hmsihsiriSj thou wast loved 
amarero " ainareris, thou mightest be loved 
amabere '' amaberis, thou wilt be loved 

This ending, however, is rarely used in the Present Indicative^ 
but almost exclusively in the Future^ 

S3 6. The Imperatives of dicere, to say; ducere, to lead; facerg, 
to maJce^ and ferre, to bear, are: die, due, fac, fer, respectively. 
Compounds follow the simple Verbs, except those of facio which 
change a into i, as: perfice, achieve thou (see 368), 

337. The Gerund and Gerundive of the 3d and 4th Conjugations, 
instead of endl, endus, may end in undi and undiis, especially 
after i, as: 

cai^iundiis, to be taken; repetundus, to be reclaimed, 

338. For the Imperative of scio, / know, the Future form scito 
is always used in the Singular, and scltote in the Plural. 

Translate into English, 

Fac de^ necessitate virtutem. Septem horas dormisse satis 
est et^ juveni ef* seni. Scire melius est quam audisse. Quem 
unquam magis amastis quam parentes vestros? Vos, caris- 
simi parentes, me semper custodlstis et a maximis periciilis 
servastis. Canes edac^ in silvam, pueros due in scholam. 
Olim reges et filTi reguin exercuere agriculturam et rem pecua- 
riam*. Non est viri sapientis^ dicere: non putarara. 

'o/ ^both. .and Ho lead forth *res i^ecudiTi2L^ cattle breeding sestviri sapientis, 
it iff the part of a wise man 

Write in Latin. 

If thou seekest the friendship of others, do what is pleas- 
ing to them. Tell me your name. Make one nest* in one 
tree. The enemy had fortified the camp and fought with^ great 
bravery. Always do what is good, not that* you may be 
praised by others, but that you may deserve the fkvor^ of God. 
The ancient Germans fougnt very bravely® with the Romans. 
We all should know almost nothing if we had not' heard others. 

^peto, -Sre Snldiis, -i ^ciim w. Abl. ''ut w. Subjunct. sbSnevSlentia;, 
-ae 6forti?isime 'nist 



— 51 -^ 

Formation of the Principal Parts. 

S39. In forming the principal parts of any Verb, 
we take for a starting point its stem, which is either 
a Vowel-stem or a Consonant-stem, according as it ends 
either in a vowel or a consonant. 

34:0. The First Conjugation includes all Yerbs whose stem 
ends in a, as: ama-re, Stem: ama. 

341. The Second Conjugation includes all Verbs whose stem 
ends in e, as: mone-re, Stem: mone. 

342. The Foiirth Conjugation includes all Verbs whose stem 
ends in i, as: audi-re, Stem: audi. 

343. The Third Conjugation includes all Terbs whose stem 
ends in a consonant, as: leg'-ere, Stem: leg*; or in u (v), as: sta- 
tti-ere, Stem: statu. Stems in u follow the Consonant-conjugation. 

344. As a rule Vowel-stems undergo no change 
except in some cases the contracting of the final 
vowel with the termination, as: amO contracted from 
ama-o; they form the Perfect and Supine by adding 
respectively vi, turn, to the stem, thus: 

Stem. Perfect. Supine. 

I. ama-rg, to love ama-vi ama-tum 

II. dele-re, to destroy d6l6-vi dele-tum 

lY. audi-re, to hear audi-vi audl-tum 

345. Consonant-stems are liable to various changes 
which will be considered below under Third Con- 
jugation. 

TERES OP THE FIRST CONJUGATION. 

346. As already explained, the First Conjugation contains all 
the vowel-stems in a, and forms the Perfect and Supine by adding 
respectively vi, turn, to the stem. Or, in other words, in the First 
Conjugation the Regular Forms of the Principal Parts are these; 



— 52 — 



4 



Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 


Perfect. 


Supine. 


-o -are 


-avi 


-atum 


amo amare, io love 


amavi 


amatum 



Those Verbs of the First Conjugation which form their Perfect 
and Supine differently are the following: 



347. 



Perfect in Gi, Supine in itum (turn). 



crepo, -are, to creak 


ergpui 


crSpitum 


increpo, -are, to scold 


increpui 


increpitfim 


discrepo, -are, to disagree 


discrepui 


wanting 


cubo, -are, to lie down 


cubiii 


cubitum 


inciibo, -are, to lie upon 


incubiii 


incubituiu 


accLibo, -are, to lie near 


acciibui 


acciibitum 


Some Compounds insert m, 


and are of the Third Conjugation. 


domo, -are, to tame 


domui 


domitum 


sono, -are, to sound 


soniii 


s6nitum,s6naturus 


resono, -are, to resound 


rSsonavi 


wanting 


tono, -are, to thunder 


tonui 


tonitum 


veto, -are, to forbid 


vetui 


vetitum 


frico, -are, to rub 


fricui 


fricatum, fricttim 


mico, -are, to shine 


micui 


wanting 


emico, -are, to shine forth 


emicui 


Smicatuin 


dimlco, -are, to fight 


dimlcavi 


dimicatum 


[plico, I fold] * 






applico, -are, to apply 


applicavT 
applicui 


applicatam 
applicTtum 


explico, -are, to unfold 


C explicavi 
( explicui 


explicatum 


A 7 7 V 


explicitum 


implico, -are, to involve 


implicavi 
implicui 


implTcatum 


XT / ' 


implicitum 


Compounds in -plico from 


L nouns in -plex are regular, as: 


multiplico, -are, to multiply^ from multiplex. 




pots, -are, io drink 


potavT 


potilm 


seco, -are, to cut 


secui 


secttim, secaturus 


deseco, -are, to cut down. 


desecui 


desectum 


gather 






Sneco, -arS, to slay 


1 enecavi 
( Gnecui 


enecatum 


11%/ 


enectum 



* Obsolete forms are inclosed within brackets [ ], 



— 53 -^ 

348^ Perfect in i, Supine in turn, 

with lengthened stem-vowel. 

juvS, -are ) ^^ ^,,^,; juvi _ jatOm 

adjuvo, -are l adjuvi adjutum 

Fut. Parbiciple: juvaturus, hut adjuturiis or adjuvaturiis 
lavo, -ar€, to wash lavi lavatum (lautum, 

lot dm) 

84:9. "With Reduplicated Perfect. 

Some Yerbs of the First^ Second and Third Conjugations repeat 
in ihQ Perfect the initial consonant of the stem with the vowel fol- 
lowing it, or with e. Compound Verbs omit the reduplication, but 
Compounds of do, / give; sto, / stand; disco, / learn; posco, / 
demand^ and some of those of curro, / run^ retain it. 

do, -are, to give dedi datum 

circumdo, -are, to surround circumdedi circumdatum 
pessumdo, -3;re, to ruin pessumdedi pessumdatum 

satisdo, -are, to give hail satisdedi satisdatum 

vSnumdo, -are, to sell venumdedi venum datum 

a is everywhere short, except in das, thou givest; da, give thou. 

Like do, are conjugated the Compounds with words of two syl- 
lables, as: circumdo, I surround. The Compounds with words of 
one syllable pass over into the 3d Conjugation. 

sto, stare, to stand steti statum 

antisto, -are, to excel antisteti wanting 

circumsto, -are, to stand around circumsteti wanting 

consto, -are, to consist constiti wanting 

praesto, -are, to afford praestiti wanting 

disto, -are, to he distant wanting wanting 

exsto, -are, to exist wanting wanting 

Like antisto, all Compounds of stare with Prepositions of. 
two syllables have steti in the Perfect, but no Supine. Those com- 
pounded with Prepositions of one syllable have stiti in the Perfect, 
and likewise no Supine, disto and exsto have neither Perfect nor 
Supme. 

Translate into English. 

Natara dedit agros, ars humana aedificavit urbes. Aethi- 
opem^ lavare labor supervacuus^ est. Uvasne^ jam desecuistis? 
Jam desectae sunt, Hodte praeceptor quosdam discipulos 



— 54 — 

pigritiae causa* increpuit. Feras fame et verberibus*^ domamus. 
Amicos in periciilis adjuvisse magna laus est. Natura nobis 
eas res dedit, quae ad® vitam maxime necessariae sunt. Non 
omnia, quae vetita sunt, vitantur'. Homo constat ex duabus 
partibus, ammo et corpore. 

'^Ethiopian heedless ^grape; -ne, interrogative particle, not to be translated 
*on account of; pigritiae depends on causa ^hlows ^for Uo avoid 

IVrite in Latin. 

Many poor people have never lain in a soft^ bed^ A short 
life has been given to us by nature. The teacher has scolded 
us, but praised you. The farmers have already cut down the 
ripe^ crops. How many years* has the Roman empire stood? 
Fortune often helps men more than reason. Alexander the 
Great subjugated^ a large part of Asia. It is difficult to tame 
wolves®; bears^ are more easily® tamed. 

^mollis, -S 2eubll^, -is ^maturxis, -S., -iiiii ^Time howlong is in the 
Accus. 5perdomo,-£lr^, -iii, -ittiiii ^lupiis, -i ^ursiis, -i sfgcilius 

350. More than half of all Deponents in the language are of 
the First Conjugation, and all of these are regular (see 327), 

VERBS OF THE SECOND CONJUGATION. 

351. The Second Conjugation, as we have seen, includes all 
Verbs whose stem ends in e. In these the Perfect and Supine 
regularly add vi, turn to the stem, thus: 

Stem. Perfect. Supine. 

dele-re, to destroy del6-vi delg-tflm 

352. However, most Verbs of the 2d Conjugation drop the 
stem-vowel e in the Perfect, vi becomes iii, and in the Supine i 
is inserted before tiim; thus: 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. Supine. 

-eo -ere -tii -itum 

moneo raonere, to advise moniii monitum 

This is considered the Regular formation, as it is the one which 
most commonly occurs. 

353. Many Verbs with a regular Perfect in ui want the Supine. 
Such are; 



55 — 



-ere, to shine 



to he in want 



arceo, -erg, to keep off 
areo, -ere, to he dry 
ealleo, -ere, to he versed 
candeo, 
egeo, -ere 
indigeo, -ere 
emineo, -ere, to he prominent 
floreo, -ere, to hlossom 
horreo, -ere, to shudder 
langueo, -ere, to he weary 
lateo, -ere, to he hid 
liqueo, -ere, to he fluid 
madeo, -ere, to he wet 
niteo, -ere, to glitter 
oleo, -ere, to smell 

vir€o, 



palleo, -ere, to look pale 
pateo, -ere, to stand open 
rigeo, -ere, to he stiff 
rubeo, -er€, to he red 
S1I60, -ere, to he silent 
sorbeo, -ere, to sip 
sordeo, -ere, to he dirty 
splendeo, -ere, to gleam 
studeo, -ere, to husy one^s self 
stupeo, -ere, to he amazed 
succenseo, -ere, to he angry 
timeo, -ere, to fear 
torpeo, -ere, to he numh 
tiimeo, -ere, to swell 
vigeo, -ere, to he vigorous 



ere, to he green 

354, Some Verbs, derived mostly from Adjectives, want both 
Perfect and Supine: 



aibeo, -ere, to he white 
aveo, -ere, to long for 



calveo, 

huraeo. 



ere, 
-ere, 



to he hald 
to he moist 



imraineo, -ere, to threaten 
liveo, -ere, to he pale 
caneo, -ere, to he gray 



flaveo, -ere, to he golden yellow 
hebeo, -ere, to he hlunt 
polleo, -ere, to he powerful 
maereo, -ere, to grieve 
renideo, -ere, to shine 
scateo, -ere, to gush 
squalSo, -ere, to he filthy 



Translate into English. 

Miseri homines auxiliP amicorum indigent. Si legibus Dei 
semper parebis, aditus^ in coelum tibi patebit! Apud* veteres 
Germanos boni mores plus valebant* quam apud alios populos 
bonae leges. Socrates, omnium Graecorum • sapientissimus, 
modestia^ et sapientia eminuit. Qui a multis timetur, ipse 
multos timet. Domus hominum misericordum^ pauperibus 
semper patebit. 

^GeniU depending on indigent ^entrance ^among ^plus valere, to he more 
powerful 5Abl. of cause ^tender-hearted 

Write in Latin. 

Good scholars will busy themselves to please (to) their 
teachers. Blossoming trees delight all men. The sight of 
blossoming trees delights all of us\ To the Romans all lands 



56 



Uo. 



and all seas were open. Nero was so' crueP that* he was feared 
by all Romans. No flower is always blooming. It is greater 
praise to be loved than to be feared. 

'Translate: us all sadeo Scrudelis, -S ^ut w. Subjunct. 
355» A great many Verbs of the Second Conjugation deviate 
from the regular formation mentioned in 352. 

356. Perfect in evi, Supine in etum (itum, turn): 
deleo, -ere, to destroy 
fleo, -ere, to weep 
neo, -ere, to spin 
[pleO, I fill] 

compleo, -ere 
impleo, -ere y to fill (up) 
repleo, -ere 
[61§o, I groiv] 
obsoleo, -ere, to go out of use 
aboleo, -ere, to abolish 
adoleo, -ere, to grow up 

357. Perfect in 

caveo, -ere, to he on one's gu 

faveo, -erS, to favor 

foveS, - ere, to cherish 

moveo, -ere, to move, trouble 

voveo, -ere i . j ^ 

,, : - « [to vow, devote 

dgvoveo, -ere ) ' 

paveo, -ere, to quake for fear 
ferveo, -ere, to glow 

coniveo, -ere, to shut the eyes 

358. Dropping the 
doceo, -ere, to teach 
tSneo, -ere, to hold 

obtineo, -ere, to occupy 
attineo, -ere, to belong 
pertineo, -ere, to pertain 
abstineo, -ere, to abstain 
contineo, -ere, to hold together 

misceS, -ere, to mix, mingle 

torreo, -erg, to roast 



delevi 


deletum 


flevi 


fletiim 


nevi 


nettim 


complevT 


completlinn 


implevi 


impletum 


replevi 


repletum 


obsolevi 


obsolettiin 


abolevi 


abolitum 


acI51evi 


adultum 


pine in turn: 




cavi 


cautum 


favi 


fautum 


fovi 


fotiim 


movi 


motHm 


vovT 


votiim 


devovi 


devotum 


pavi 


wanting 


fervi ) 
ferbiii S 


wanting 


(conivi ) 
( cOnixi ) 


wanting 


i of the Supine: 




dociii 


doctum 


tgnui 


(tentum) 


obtlnni 


obtentum 


attmiii 


wanting 


pertinui 


wanting . 


abstinui 


wanting 


^ contintii 


wanting 


• «^as 


i mixtum 
( misttim 


miscui 


torrtii 


tostiim 



57 — 



cens65, -6rS, to value^ think 


censiii 


censtim 


recensgo, -ere, to review 


recensui 


j recenstim 
1 recensitum 


percenseo, -ere, to survey 


percensiii 


wanting 


359. Perfect in si, 


Supine in turn: 




augeo, -ere, to increase 


auxi 


aucttim 


indulgeo, -ere, to indulge 


indulsi 


indultum 


torqueo, -ere, to torture 


torsi 


tortum 


liiceo, -ere, to shine 


luxi 


wanting 


ICigeo, -ere, to mourn 


luxi 


wanting 


frigeo, -ere, to be cold 


frixi 


wanting 



Translate into Ettglish. 

Post bellum decern annorum Graeci urbem Trojain de- 
leverunt. Yoluptati indulgere iuitTum omnTum malorum est. 
Otium^ omnia mala^ docet adulescentes. Fortis vir nuUis peri- 
culis movebitur, Crebra^ fulgiira et tonitriia'^ implent pavidos^ 
metu®. Senatus' servitutem abolevit. Divitiae sceleribus 
paratae* et auctae dominum plerumque magis torserunt quam 
ipsa paupertas. Quis te dociiit linguam Latlnam? 

Hdle life ^evety thing bad ^frequent Hhunder Himid year '^senate Ho 
gain 

Write in Latin. 

Who destroyed the city of Carthage^? Scipio^ The sun 
fills every thing with his lights Cyrus* grew up among shep- 
herds. Poverty has taught men many useful arts. The father 
wept over^ the death of (his) son. The number of citizens in 
our city is daily® increasing'. The violent® wind moves the 
trees. By whom was Corinth^ destroyed? Cyrus kept^° in me- 
mory the names of all the soldiers in his army. 

^CarthagS, -inis sgeipio, -onis siux, iQcis Abl. ''Cyrus, -i Me w. 
Abl. ^cotidie 'Passive of augere Svehemens, -tis ^Corinthus -i lomemoria 
teaere, to keep in memory 

360. Perfect in si. Supine in sum: 

ardSo, -ere, to burn ' arsi arsum 

haergo, -ere, to hang haesi haesvim 

adhaereo, -ere ) . . , adhaes\ adhaesum 

cohaereo, -ere ) cohaesi cohaesum 

jubgCf, -me^ to order jussi jus3um 



— 58 — 



maneo, -ere, to stay, remain 

remaneo, -ere, to remain 
mulceo, -ere, to soothe 

permulceo, -ere, to appease 
mulgeo, -ere, to milk 
rideo, -ere, to laugh 

arrideo, -ere, to smile upon 

derideo, -ere, to laugh at 
suadeo, -ere, to advise 

dissuadeo, -ere, to dissuade 

persuadeo, -ere, to persuade 

tergeo, -ere ) . . ^ 

^ ^- w w \ to wipe 
tergo, -ere ) ^ 

abstergeo, -ere, to wipe off 

Compounds only take the Se 

algeo, -ere, to he cold 

fulgeo, -ere, to shine 

turgeo, -ere, to swell 

urgeo, -ere, to urge 

SGI. Perfect in i. Supine in sum: 

prandeo, -ere, to breakfast prandi 



mansi 


mansiiiii 


remansi 


rem an sum 


mulsi 


muLsiim 


permulsi 


permulsum 


mulsi 


mulsum 


risi 


risum 


arrisi 


arrisum 


derlsl 


derisum 


suasi 


suasum 


dissuasi 


dissuasum 


persuasi 


persuasum 


tersi 


tersum 


abstersi 


abstersum 


d Conjugation. 




alsi 


wanting 


fulsl 


wanting 


tursi 


wanting 


ursi 


wanting 



pransum 



Participle pransus, in an Active sense, having breakfasted 



sedeo, -ere, to sit 



sedi 



cireumsedeo, -ere, to sit arounrZ circumsedT 

supersedeo, -ere, to forbear SLipersedi 

assldeo, -ere, to sit by assedi 

insideo, -ere, to sit upon ins^di 

obsideo, -ere, to besiege obsedi 

possideo, -ere, to possess possedi 

dissideo, -ere; to disagree dissSdi 

praesideo, -ere, to preside praesedi 
resideo, -ere, to remainbehind resedi 

video, -ere, to see vTdi 

invideo, -ere, to envy invidi 

provideo, -ere, to provide providl 

strldeo, -ere, to whiz, creak stridi 

With. Reduplication: 

mordeo, -ere, to bite momordi 

pendeo, -ere, to hang pependi 

dependeo, -ere, to hang down wanting 

impendeo, -ere, to hang over wanting 



sessum 

cireumsessum 

supersessum 

assessum 

insessum 

obsessum 

possessum 

wanting 

wanting 

wanting 

visum 

invistim 

provlsiim 

wanting 

morsum 
pensum 
wanting 
wanting 



m 



— 59 



spondeo, -ere, to pledge spopondi sponsum 

respondeo, -ere, to answer respond! responsum 

despondeo, -ere, to promise despondi desponsum 

tondeo, -ere, to shear totondi tonsuin 

Reduplication, or the repetition of the initial consonant with the 
following vowel, is generally dropped in Compounds, as: re-spondi. 



362. Mark the solitary Yerb: 



cieo, -ere 



to rouse 



civi 
CIO, -ire ) civi 

accio, -ire, to call in accivi 

concio, -ire, to call together concivi 



citum 

citiim ) ,^, ^ 

accitiim I ^^^ ^.^^- 

concitumfj"^^^^^^- 



363. A few Verbs of the Second Conjugation form the tenses of 
completed action like the Passive; they are called Semi-Deponents 

{see 277): 

audeo, -ere, to dare ausus sum, I dared 

gaudeo, -ere, to rejoice gavisus sum, / rejoiced 

soleo, -ere, to he wont solitus sum, / was wont 

Translate into English. 

Time how long is put in the Accusative, as: tr6s horas mansit, he 
remained three hours. The Accusative with per occurs in the sense 
of throughout^ as: per totam noctem, all night long. 

Delectamur cum res videmus insolitas^, quas antea non 
videramus. Multi cometae non videntur, quia^ obscurantur^ 
radiis soils. Pastor fugavit^ lupum, qui unam ovem momor- 
derat. Memoria magnorum periculorum in mente nostra 
haerebit. Isti honorem* niilitarem^ non meruerunt, qui num- 
quam in acTe' steterunt, numquam castra viderunt, numquam 
demque® tubarum^ sonum nisi^° in spectaculis^^ audiverunt. 
Socrates ludens^^ cum filiSlis derlsus est ab Alcibiade.^^ 

'^uncommon ^because Ho obscure Ho put to flight ^honor ^military ''battle 
{line) finally Hrumpet ^^except ^Hheater Splaying ^^Alcibiades. 

Write in Latin. 

What animals have you seen to-day? Some* people have 
never laughed. The boys remained at home, for father had so' 
ordered. The joys of life are mingled with many painsl My 
brother is wont to write* very short letters. The city (of) Troy 



— 60 — 

had been besieged ten years by the Greeks. Sheep are shorn 
once or twice every year. The hunter staid all night long in 
the forest. If you have been seen by no one, God, neverthe- 
less^, has seen you. 

Jquidam ^gic 3Abl. without Preposition ^scrlbo, -^rS *tamen 
364:. Deponent Verbs. 

Pres. Ind. & Inf. Perfect 

fateor, -eri, to confess fassfis sum 

confiteor, -eri, to confess confessus sum 

diffiteor, -eri, to disown wanting 

m^deor, -eri, to cure wanting 

misereor, -eri, to have pity miseritiis, misertiis sum 

reor, -eri, to think rStus siim 

Translate into English, 

HannibaP optimum ratus est bellum cum Romanis in ipsa 
Italia gerere^ Mitiorem^ poenam merentur, qui scelera sua 
fatentur quam qui diffltentur. Quare* vitia sua nemo confite- 
tur ? Quia etiam nunc in illis est. Dumnorix'^ omnia vecti- 
galTa Aeduorum® habebat, quod' nemo liceri® conabatur^, post- 
quam^® ille licTtus est. Plinius^^ scribit: Nunc pueri statim^^ 
omnia sciunt, neminem verentur, imitantur neminem, et sibi 
ipsi^^ exempla sunt. 

^Hannibal Ho carry on ^mild ^why ^Dumnorix Hhe Aeduans ^because 
^to hid Ho venture ^^after ^^Fliny ^at once ^sibi ipsi, their own 

Write in Latin, 

Evil-doers^ when they have confessed'^ their evil deeds', 
will be more lightly'^ punished. The Romans always thought it 
better^ to carry on war without® the borders of Italy than 
within\ Few people confess their faults frankly^ A wise man 
will confess his faults, a fool disown them. Nothing is more 
desirable® to an accuser^® than a defendant" who has confessed 
his crime^^ 

^maleilcus, -i ^Translate: lohen they shall have confessed ^maleficiiim.,-!, 
eml deed '^levius Ht better^ melius esse ^extra w. Ace. 'intra w. Ace. Translate: 
without than within the borders Siageniie ^optabilxs, -e ^^accusator, -ori^ 



— 61 — 



VEEBS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATIO]^. 

365, The Third Conjugation includes all Verbs with stems 
ending in u (v), or one of the consonants. Tlie Regular Forms of 
the Third Conjugation are seen in the following: 



Stem. 


Perfect. 


Supine. 


acii-ere, to sharpen 


acu-i 


ac U-turn 


ecl-ere, to eat 


ed-i 


6-sum 


carp-ere, to pluck 


carp-si 


carp-tum 



Stems in u taive i in the Perfect^ and turn in the Supine. 
Consonant-stems take in the Perfect partly i, partly si; and in the 
Supine partly tuin, partly sum. 

A few Verbs in uo belong to the First Conjugation^ as: fluctd-o, 
-are, to wave. 

Stems in u (v). 

366. Perfect in i, Supine in turn: 

acuo, -ere, to sharpen acuT acutuni 

Ferf. Part, wanting; acutus, sharpy is Adjective only. 

argiio, -ere, to accuse 

coarguo, -ere, to convict 

redarguo, -ere, to refute 
imbuo, -ere, to dip^ dye 
induo, -erS, to put on, assume 
exuo, -ere, to put off, break off 
luo, -ere, to atone for 
liio, -ere, to wash 

abluo, -ere, to wash (of) 
minuo, -ere, I to lessen^ 

iraminuo, -ere) weaken 
[ndO, I nod] 

abnuo, -ere, to dissent 

adnuo, -ere, to nod assent 
ruo, -ere, to rush forth 

corruo,-ere, to fall to the ground 

diruo, -ere, to destroy 

eruo, -ere, to dig out 

obruo, -ere, to cover; bury 
spiio, -ere, to sjnt 
statuo, -ere, to set^ place 

restltuo, -ere, to restore 



argui 


(argutum) 


coargui 


wanting 


redargui 


wanting 


imbui 


imbutuni 


indui 


indutum. 


exui 


exutum 


lui 


(luitum) 


lui 


luttim 


abliii 


ablutum 


minuT 


minutiim 


immlniii 


immlnCitum 


abnui 


wanting 


adnui 


wanting 


rui 


riituui 


corrui 


wanting 


dlrui 


diriitum 


erui 


erutuin 


obrui 


obrutum 


spui 


sputum 


statiii 


statutum 


restitui 


restitutuin 



— 62 



siio, -ere, io sew 

tribuo, -ere, to give, confer on 
contribuo, -ere, to contribute 
distribuo, -ere, to distribute 

solvo, -ere, to loose 
absolve, -ere, to acquit 

volvo, -ere, to roll, turn 

[gruo or ruo ?J 
ingruo, -ere, to rush 
congruo, -ere, to agree 

metuo, -ere, to fear 

pluo, -ere, to rain 

sterniio, -ere, to sneeze 

367. The following stems in 
differently: 

VIVO, -ere, to live 

struo, -ere, to build 
construo, -ere, to construct 
instruo, -ere, to instruct 

fluo, -ere, to flow 
refliio, -ere, to flow back 



sill 


stltum 


tribuT 


tributum 


contribui 


contributum 


distribui 


distributiini 


solvi 


solutum 


absolvi 


absolutum 


volvi 


volutum 


ingriiT 


wanting 


congrui 


wanting 


metui 


wanting 


pllll 


wanting 


sternui 


wanting 


V form their 


Perfect and Su^i 


vixT 


victum 


struxT 


struetuni 


construxi 


constructiiin 


instruxi 


instructuni 


fluxi 


fluxum 


reflux! 


refluxum 



Translate into English, 

. Homines metalla terra^ obruta eruerunt. Exuamus^ mores 
asperos, induamus^ mores mites*, ut^ hominibus placeamus. 
ThemistScles® muros urbis restituit, quos Persae diruerant. 
Quam diu vivetis, fortunae vicissitudinibus' obnoxii eritis. 
Danubms orientem, Rheniis septentrionem versus^ fluit. Quam 
diu in hac terra victuri simus nobis ignotum est. Herculaneum® 
cineribus montis Yesuvii obrutum est. Oratio melle dulcior^® 
ex ore Nestoris fluebat. 

»Abl. in the earth ^to break off ^to assume ^gentle Hhat we may = in order 
to ^Them^istocles "^vicissitude Howards, versus w. Ace. & following its case. 
^Herculaneum lOmelle dulcior = dulcior quam mel. 

Write in Latin, 

The beaver builds a wonderfuP house. The walls of the ci- 
ties were destroyed by the enemies. Some^ small animals^ live 
but one* day. King Arganthonius^ lived 120 years*. The 
Persians had destroyed the walls of Athens. The deeds^ of men 



— 63 

do not always agree with (their) woras. ^^orses 'sometimes 
live 30 years*. The river Rhone' flows through^ a lake. A just 
and pious life is the way to^ heaven and to the company^** of 
those who lived before us. 

imlrif 1C-Q.8, -S;, -iiin Squidam ^^estiola, -ae, a small animal ^Time 
hoio long is in the Ace. ^^rgantlioniiis, -i ^factiiiii, -i 'Rhodauiis, -i ^yer 
w. Ace. ^ w. Ace. locoetiis, --uLs. 



cepi 


captum 


aecepi 


aceeptum 


deeepi 


deceptum 


incepi 


inceptum 


feci 


factum 


patefeci 


patefactum 


confeci 


confectum 


interfeei 


interfectum 


perfeci 


perfectum 



Verbs in To. 

368. Some Verbs of the Third Conjugation insert i before the 
ending of the Present, as: capere, to take; capio, / taJce, This i 
appears likewise in all the other forms derived from the Present 
and Infinitive^ but not before another i or e, except in the third 
person of the Future Active: capiet, he will take (see 331), 

capio, -ere, to take 

accipio, -ere, to receive 

decTpio, -ere, to deceive 

incipio, -ere, to begin 
facio, -ere, to do, make 

patefacio, -ere, to open 

conficio, -ere, to make 

interficio, -ere, to kill 

perficio, -ere, tofimish 

The Verb facere, to do, make, deserves special notice: 

It has for its Passive flo, factus sum, fieri, to be made, become 
{see 411). Its Imperative is fac, do. 

The same rale applies to those Compounds of facio, which retain 
H, as: patefacio, I open; Pass, patefio, lam opened; Imperat. patefac, 
open. The Compounds of facio with Prepositions change a to i, and 
are inflected regularly, as: interficio, / kill; Pass, interficlor; 
Imperat. interfice. 

jacio, -ere, to throw, cast j6ci jactflm 

objicio, -ere, to throw to objeci objectum 

subjicio, -ere, to subject subjeci subjectum 

[lacio, / entice] 

allTcio, -ere ) to allure, allexT (allectQm) 

pellicio, -ere) entice pellexi pellectiini 

elicio, -ere, to entice out eliciii elicitttm 



64 



[specio, I see] 



aspicio, -ere, to look 


aspexi 


aspectiini 


despicio, -ere, to despise 


despexi 


despectum 


respicio, -ere, to consider 


respexi 


respectum 


cupio, -ere, to wish, desire 


cupivi 


cupitum 


fodio, -ere, to dig 


fodi 


fossuin 


confodio, -ere, to jnck out 


confodi 


confossiim 


effodio, -ere, to dig out 


effOdi 


effossum 


fugio, -ere, to flee or fly; avoid 


fiigi 


fugitum 


pario, -ere, to bring forth 


pepgri 


partiim 




Fut. Part. 


paritiirus 


quatio, -ere, to shake 


wanting 


quassum 


concutio, -ere, to shake 


concuss! 


concussum 


rapio, -ere, to snatch away 


raptii 


raptuin 


arripio, -ere, to seize 


arripui 


arreptum 


sapio, -ere, to be wise 


sapivijSapui loanting 


desipio, -ere, to be foolish 


wanting 


wanting 



Translate into EngHsh, 

Utinam^ pravoruitf hominum consuetudmem' semper fugisses I 
Luna lucem suam accipit a sole. Panis filiorura non objicien- 
dus est canibus. Beneficiorum maxima sunt quae a paj'entibus 
accepimus. Jacta est alea*. Fac hilarP animo, quod a paren- 
tibus facere juberis. Heri® tandem' epistulam patris, quam diu^ 
exspectaveram^, accepi. Improvlsa^^ mors rapuit rapietque 
multos homines. Hannibal Alpes antea invTas sibi patefecit. 

^ would you had. . ^wicked Hntercourse ^a die ^cheerful, Abl. of manner: 
with. . ^yesterday "^at last ^o^ a long time Ho expect ^^unforeseen 

Write in Latin. 

The earth and all the planets receive their light from the 
sun. The drones^ are killed by the bees. In Italy even now 
monuments^ of antiquity^ are dug out. He who has received a 
benefit should^ be thankful. The gifts of a father are received 
with pleasure^ It is more blessed to give than to receive. It 
is more shameful to deceive than to be deceived. 

ifuciis, -i 2iii5nament-ULin, -i santlquitas, -atis ^debSo, -er© 
61ib enter, with pleasure. 

Stems in d, t. 
369. As a rule, stems in d, t have si in the Perfect, silm in 
the Supine. Before the s of the Perfect and Supine, d and t are 
dropped or become by assimilation ss, 



— 65 — 

870, The repetition of the initial consonant with the vowel 
following it or with e (Reduplication) is especially common in the 
formation of the Perfect of the 3d Conjugation; as: 

pendo, I weighs pepcndi; cado, Ifally cecidi. 

These reduplicated Perfects are always formed in i. 

Compound Verbs omit the reduplication, but the Compounds of 
do, / give; sto, / stand; disco, / learn; posco, / demand^ and 
some of those of curro, I run^ retain it 



371. . Perfect in si, 

claudo, -ere, to sliiit^ close 
concludo, -ere, to shut up 

divldo, -ere, to divide^ separate 

laedo, -ere, to violate, hurt 
allldo, -ere, to dash against 
collide, -ere, to dash together 
elTdo, -ere, to strike out 

ludo, -ere, to play 
illudo, -ere, to mock 

plaudo, -ere, to applaud 
applaudo, -ere, to applaud 
explode, -ere, to hiss off 

rado, -ere, to scrape 

rodo, -ere, to gnaw 

trudo, -ere, to thrust 

vado, -ere, to go 
evado, -ere, to turn out 



cado, -ere, to fall 
occido, -ere, to set 
incTdo, -ere, to fall into 

Other Compounds of cado 

caedo, -ere, to fell 
decide, -ere, to cut down 
exeide, -ere, to heio out 
incide, -ere, to engrave 
occide, -ere, to kill^ murder 

pende, -ere, to iveigh 
suspends, -ere, to hang 



Supine in siim. 


clausi 


clausum 


conclusi 


conclusiim 


divisi 


divlstim 


laesi 


laesuin 


aillsT 


allTsum 


collisi 


collisum 


ellsi 


gllsuin 


liisi 


iiisiim 


illusi 


illusum 


plausi 


plausum 


a4'>plausi 


applausuin 


explosi 


explosiim 


rasi 


rasum 


rOsi 


rosum 


trusi 


triisuin 


wanting 


IV anting 


evasi 


evasum 


Luplication: 

cecidi 


casum 


occidi 


occasuin 


incidi 


wanting 


want the Supint 


5. 


cecidi 


caesiim 


decTdi 


decisum 


excTdi 


excTsiim 


incidi 


inclsiim 


occidi 


occlsiiin 


pependi 


pensum 


suspend! 


suspensuiu 



— 66 



tetendi 


tensfiin & tenttiik 


attendi 


attentum 


contendi 


contentfinn 


extendi 


extensiim & 




extentum 


ostendi 


ostensum 


tutudi 


tusum & tunsum 


contudi 


contusuin 


obtudi 


obtusum 


ith monosyllabic words pass ovei 


credidi 


creditiiin 


vendidi 


venditum 


condidi 


conditiim 


abscond! 


absconditum 


edidi 


editum 


perdidi 


perditum 


reddidi 


redditum 


tradidi 


traditiim 



tendo, -erS, to spread 
attendo, -ere, to attend to 
coutendo^ -ere, to exert 
extendo, -ere, to stretch out 

ostendo, -ere, to show 
tundo, -ere, to thump 
contundo, -ere, to break down 
obtundo, -ere, to stun 

3Y2, Compounds of dare 
into the Third Conjugation: 

credo, -ere, to believe 
vendo, -ere, to sell 
condo, -ere, to build 
absconds, -ere, to hide 
edo, -ere, to give out, publish 
perdo, -ere, to ruin 
reddo, -ere, to give back 
trado, -ere, to deliver 



Translate into English. 

Pueri Romani, sicut^ nostri, pila^ et trocho^ luserunt. Non- 
dum* omnium dierum sol occidit. Romanorum leges in aes in- 
cisae erant. Solis cursus^ annuus^ in quattuor partes divlsus 
est, in ver et aestatem et auctumnum et hiemem. Yir mains 
interdum incidit in foveam'', qnam ipse fecit. Caesar, ille cla- 
rissimus imperator Romanus. etiam librum grammaticum^ edi- 
dit. Vade mecum! 

Hike ^hall ^hoop ^not yet ^course ^yearly ^pit ^a grammar^ liber 
grammaticus. 

Write in Latin. 

Most^ of the Roman emperors were murdered. Agesilaus^, 
king of the Spartans, sometimes played with his children. The 
Sacred Scriptures^ are divided into* the Old Testament® and the 
New Testament. The Greeks founded many cities in Italy and 
Sicily. In the other life we shall see what we now believe and 
hope for. The year is divided into spring, summer, autumn 
and winter. I have read your letter which our friend has 
delivered to me, The reaper^ has cut down the corn with a 



— G7 — 



sickle'. He shows us a mouse for® a lion. The mind is shut 
up in the body. 

iplenque sAgesilaiis, -i SscriptixTii, -i ^i^ ^. Acc. stestamentiim, -i 
fimessor, -oris 'Abl. ^pio w. Abl. 



873. 



Perfect in T, Supine in sum. 



The Stem of many Yerbs of this class appears mt^Q Present 
strengthened by n, as: fundo, Stem fud. Stems in nd take i in 
the Perfect 

[cando, Ihurri] 

accendo, -ere, to kindle 
cCido, -ere, to forge 



edo, -ere, to. eat 

[fendo, I fend] 
defendo, -ere, to defend 
offendo, -ere, to offend 

mando, -ere, to chew 

prehendo, -ere, to seize 

scando, -ere, to climb 
ascendo, -ere, to ascend 

fundo, -ere, to pour 
circumfundo, -ere, to surround 
diffundo, -ere, to pour forth 
effundo, -ere, to pour out 

verto, -ere, to tuim 
everto, -ere, to overthrow 

sterto, -ere, to snore 



accendi 

ctidi 

edi 

defend! 

offendi 

mandi 

prehendi 

scandi 

ascendi 

fudi 

circumfudi 

diffudi 

effudi 

verti 

everti 

stertui 



accensum 

cusum 

esum 

defensum 

offensum 

mansuin 

preliensum 

scansum 

ascensum 

fCisiim 

circumfusum 

diffusum 

effCisiiiii 

versiiin 

eversum 

wanting 



The only Semi-Deponent Verb of the Third Conjugation belongs 
to this class: 



fido. 



confido 
374, 



- T - - w [ /o trust, confide 
ido, -ere ) ' -^ 



fisus sum 
confisus sum 



Various Irregularities: 



cedo, -ere, to yield cessi 

accedo, -ere, to approach access! 

findo, -ere, io split, cleave fid! 

scindo, -ere, to cut scldi 

discindo, -ere, to split discidi 

excindo, -ere, to destroy excid! 

abscindo, -ere, to tear off abscid! 



cessum 

accessuta 
fissum 

scisstiiu 
disci ssuui 
exclsuin 

abscisum 



excindo takes Perfect and Supine from caedO, abscindo the Supine. 



— 68 — 



meto, -ere, to reap 


messiii 


messiiin 


mitto, -ere, to send 


misi 


missiiin 


amitto, -ere, to lose 


amis! 


amissum 


aclmitto, -ere, to admit 


admisi 


admissum 


committo, -ere, to commit 


commisi 


commissiiin 


permitto, -ere, to permit 


permlsi 


permissGm 


. promitto, -ere, to promise 


promisi 


promissiini 


pando, -ere, to spread 


pandi 


passum 


peto, -ere, to seek 


petivi, petTi petitiim 


repeto, -ere, to repeat 


repetivi 


repetitum 


sido, -ere, to sit down 


sedi 


wanting 


assido, -ere, to sit down 


assedi 


assessum 


consido, -ere, to settle 


consedi 


consessum 


sisto, -ere, to stop 


stiti 


statum 


obsisto, -ere, to oppose 


obstiti 


obstitnin 


Other Compounds want Supine: 




absisto, -ere, to cease 


abstiti 


wanting 


adsisto, -ere, to stand by 


adstiti 


wanting 


exsisto, -ere, to come forth 


exstiti 


wanting 



Translate into English. 

In sudore vultus^ tui comedes panem timm. Divitiae alioriim 
accendunt invidiam avari^ Interdum magnitudo^ flummis non 
permittit pontem in eo* facere. Carthago, Corinthus, mnltaeque 
aliae urbes a Ronianis eversae sunt. Tenerae sementes^ agri- 
colis magnam mercedem promittunt. Aves super^ arbores si- 
dere sclent. Sapientia neque naufragio'' neque incendio® amit- 
titur. Ungiilae^ quorundam animalium sunt fissae. 

^face ^liser ^size ^over it ^crop ^on ''shipwreck ^afire ^hoof 



Write in Latin. 

The Emperor Augustus admitted every one to his presence\ 
A ^Yise man is not offended by the contumelies^ of fools. The 
earth is on all sides^ surrounded by the air. Truth defends it- 
self. The moon sends the light which she receives from* the 
sun, to* the earth. The brooks and smaller rivers empty® into 
the larger (ones), and these rush into the sea.. 

lad se scontumelia;, -ao ^undique ^a w, Abl. *in w. A.CC. %e effuud^j*^ 



— 69 — 



Stems in b, p. 
375. Stems in b, p take si in the Perfect, and tiim in the 

Supine; at the same time b before s and t becomes p, as: nubO, 
nupsT, nuptum. The stem of many Verbs appears in the Present 
strengbtened by m, as: rumpO, rupi. 



glCibo, -ere, to peel (glupsi) 

degliibO, -ere, to skin (dSglupsi) 

niibo, -ere, to marry nupsi 

scribo, -ere, to write scrips! 

conscribo, -ere, to frame . eonscripsi 

describe, -ere, to describe descripsi 
praescnbo, -ere, to prescribe 

carpo, -ere, to pluck carpsi 

decerpo, -ere, to pluck decerpsi 

discerpo, -ere, to tear asunder discerpsT 

rgpo, -ere, to creep, crawl repsi 

irrepo, -ere, to creep into irrepsi 

scalp o, -ere, to carve scalpsi 

sculpo, -ere, to chisel • sculpsi 

serpo, -ere, to creep serpsT 

376. Irregular: 

accumbo, -ere, to recline at table acciibi 

bibo, -ere, to drink bibi 

rumpo, -ere, to break rupi 

corrumpo, -ere, to corrupt corrupi 

erumpo, -ere, to break out €rupi 

perrumpo,-ere,to breakthrough perrupi 

Btrepo, -ere, to make a noise strepui 
kmbo, -ere, to lick 
scabo, -erS, to scratch 



gluptum 
degluptum 
nuptum 
scrip turn 
conscriptum 
descriptuin 
praescripsi praescriptum 
carptum 
decerptiim 
discerptuin 
reptum 
irreptiiiu 
scalptum 
sculptum 
(serptum) 

accubitum 

wanting 

rui)tiiin 

corruptum 
gruptum 
perruptiim 
strepitum 
Iambi (lambitum) 

scabi wanting 



Translate into English. 

PhoenTces^ artem scribendi alias quoque' gentes docuerunt. 
ColloquTa^ prava corrumpunt bonos mores. Ex* litteris tuis 
hanc voluptatcm cepi, quod ipse manu tua eas scripseras. 
Dareus* in fuga® aquam turbtdam'' bibit, numquam jucundTus® 
biberat; numquam enim® sitiens^® biberat. Cicero librum de^^ 
officiis^^ scripsit. Manus apta est ad^^ scalpendum. Funiculus'* 
triplex non facile^^ rumpTtur. 

^Phenician ^also ^conversation *from ^Barens ^ight "^miiddy ^mcyre 
deliciously ^for ^^when thirsty ^^on ^duty ^for ^*rope ^^easily 



70 



Write in Latin. 

It delights diligent boys to read the Lives of Ulustriom^ 
Commanders which Cornelius Nepos* has written. The hojs 
have already plucked the cherries^; in autumn'* we shall pluck 
the fruit^ of all the trees. Some men have never drunk wine. 
The art of writing was known to the Phenicians. The bodies 
of creeping animals are soft. Why® do you tear asunder these 
very beautiful flowers? Why did you pluck them? 

lillustris, -e scorneliiis Nepos (-i, -otis) ^cerasu^xn, ~x ^Time 
when is in the Abl. spoma, -oru.iii ^cyr 

Stems in c, g, q, h, ct. 
577. c, g", q, and li with s become x 

g", h, and q before t become c. 
duc-o — dux! == ducsi rego — rectum = regtiim 

reg-0 — rexi = reg-si trahO — tractum = trahtum 

coqu-o — coxi = coqsT coquo — coctiim = coqtum 

trah-o — traxi = tralisi 

378. Perfect in si, Supine in turn: 

cingo, -ere, to gird 
[fligo, -ere, to strike 

affllgo, -ere, to dash 

confllgo, -erS, to fight 

profligo, -are, to strike down 
jungo, -ere, to join 

adjungo, -ere, to join (to) 
plango, -ere, to beat, lament 
rego, -ere, to rule^ govern 

corrigo, -ere, to coi^rect 

dirigo, -ere, to direct 

(surrigo) surgo, -ere, to rise 

(perrigo) pergo, -ere, to go on 
sugo, -ere, to suck 
tego, -ere, to cover 

detego, -ere, to discover 

protego, -ere, to protect 
tingo (tinguo), -ere, to stain 
ungo (ungilo), -ere, to anoint 
[stinguo, I put out] 

exstinguo, -ere, to put out 

distingue, -ere^ to distinguish 



I 



einxi 


cinctiim 


flixi 


flictiim] 


afflixT 


afflictiim 


conflixi 


conflictiim 


prOfligavi 


profligatum 


junxi 


junctum 


adjanxi 


adjunctum 


planxT 


planctiim 


rexi 


rectum 


correxi 


correctum 


direxi 


directum 


surrexi 


surrectum 


perrexi 


perrectum 


suxi 


suctum 


texi 


tectum 


detexi 


detectum 


prOtexi 


protectum 


tinxi 


tinctum 


unxi 


unctum 


exstinxi 


exstinctfim 


I distinxi 


distinctum 



— 71 — 



traxi 


tractum 


contraxi 


contractum 


vexi 


vectum 


dixi 


dictiim 


praedixi 


praedictum 


indixi 


indicttim 


duxi 


ductum 


Sduxi 


Cductiim 



traho, -^r^j to draw 

contraho, -ere, to contract 
veho, -ere, to carry 
dico, -ere, to say, tell 

praedico, -ere, to predict 

indlco, -ere, to declare 
diico, -ere, to lead 

educo, -ere, to lead forth 

The Imperatives of dlcerS, to say, dticere, to lead, are: die, due; 
Compounds follow the simple Verbs: educ, praedie. 

coquo, -ere, to cook, bake eoxi coctuin 

379. The Supine is irregular: 

fingo, -ere, to fashion finxi 

pingo, -ere, to joaint pinxi 



stringo, -ere, to bind 
figo, -ere, to fix 



strmxi 
fixi 



fictum 
pictGin 

strictum 
fixum 



380, Present strengthened by t: 

flecto, -erS, to bend flexi flexum 

necto, -ere, to tie nexi, nexui nexum 

pecto, -ere, to comb pexi pexum 

plecto, -ere, to beat (only Passive) wanting wanting 

381, The Supine is wanting: 

ango, -ere, to torment, vex anxi 

ningo, -ere, to snow 
clango, -ere, to clang 

382, With Red 

parco, -ere, to spare 
pungo, -ere, to pierce, sting 
tango, -ere, to touch 

attingo, -ere, to touch 
pango, -ere, to strike, drive 
pan go, -ere, to bargain 

compingo, -ere, to drive tight 

383, With lengthened Stem- vowel. 

Many Consonant- stems with short stem-syllable take T in the Per- 
fect, before which the stem-vowel is lengthened, and a^comes 6. 



nmxi 




wanting 
1 • 1 • 




lication: 

peperci 


parsum 


pupiigi 


punctum 


tetigi 


tactiim 


attigi 


attactiim 


panxi 


panctum 


pepTgi 


pactum 


compegi 


compactum 



- 12 



ag5, -ere, to drive, do 


Sgi 


actt5m 


perago, -ere, to accomplish 


peregi 


peractilm 


abigo, -ere, to drive away 


abegi 


abactiim 


sfiblgo, -ere, to subdue 


siibegi 


subactum 


cogo, -ere, to force (co-ago) 


coegi 


coactum 


dego, -ere, to spend (de-agO) 


degi 


wanting 


ambigo, -ere, to contend 


wanting 


wanting 


frango, -ere, to break 


fregi 


fractiim 


confringo, -ere, to break in two 


confrggT 


confractum 


effriiigo, -ere, to break open 


effregi 


effractum 


lego, -ere, to read 


legi 


lectum 


allege, -ere, to choose 


allegi 


allectum 


perlego, -ere, to read through 


periegi 


perlectum 


relego, -ere, to read over 


relegi 


relectum 


colligo, -ere, to collect 


collegi 


coUectiim 


deligo, -ere, to choose 


dslegi 


delectum 


eligo, -ere, to elect 


elegi 


electiiin 


dilTgo, -ere, to love 


dilexi 


dilectum 


Intellego, -ere, to understand 


intellexi 


intellectiim 


neglego, -ere, to neglect 


neglexi 


neglectfim 


ICO, -ere, to strike 


ici 


ictum 


vinco, -ere, to conquer 


vici 


victiim 


linquo, -ere, to leave 


liquT 


wanting 


relinquo, -ere, to leave (behind) 


rellqui 


relictiim 


384. Perfect in sT, Supine in Slim 


; 


mergo, -ere, to dip in, plunge 


mersi 


mersiiiii 


spargo, -ere, to scatter 


sparsi 


spars um 


conspergo, -ere, to sprinkle 


conspersi 


conspersiim 


tergo, -ere, to wipe 


tersi 


tersum 


vergo, -ere, to verge 


wanting 


wanting 



Translate into English, 

Thales^, unus e numero septem sapientmm, primum solis de- 
fectionem^ praedixit. Pronuntiatione^ interdum duae syllabae* 
contrahuntur in unam. Surgite, amici, est tempus surgendi. 
Quando^ heri surrexistis? Jam ante solis ortum^ Quando eras 
surgetis? Horasexta. Apud Romanes fur dicebatur homo trium 
litterarum. Domus nostra lateribus' coctis^ exstructa est. Pro- 
bitatem^ etiam in hoste diligimus. Insula est terra aqua cincta. 

'^Tholes ^clipse ^pronunciation ^syllable ^when ^sunrise '^rick ^baked 
^probity 



'^:: 



— 73 — 

Write in Latin, 

The pilot^ directs the ship into the harbor. It is God who 
rules this whole world. Fishes are covered with scales% Many 
islands have been discovered by the Britons. Young men arc 
led to^ virtue by the precepts of the old (men). A noble* horse 
will be governed by the shadow^ of a switch^ Every animal 
loves itself. We break all diseases by abstinence''. Peasants* 
are accustomed to get up with the day. 

Jgubernat^r, -oris SsquamS., -ae ^^d w. Ace. '*nobtlis, -S ^umbrS^, 
-ae ^virgS;, -ae 'abstinent!^, -a© ^rusticiis, -i 



Stems in 


1, m, n, r. 




SS5. Perfect in sT, 


Supine in tuna 


. 


m is sometimes strengthened with p, as: sumo, sumpsi. 


como, -ere, to adorn 


compsi 


comptiim 


demo, -ere, to take away 


dempsi 


demptum 


promo, -ere, to take out 


prompsi 


promptiim 


sumo, -ere, to take 


sumpsi 


sumptum 


absLimo, -ere, to use up 


absumpsi 


absumptum 


consumo, -ere, to consume^ wear consumpsi 


consumpttim 


away 






[temno, I desxnse'] 






contemno, -ere, to despise 


contempsi 


contemptiitn 


886. According to the Analogy of the 2d Conjugation: 


alo, -erg, to nourish 


aim 


1 altiim 
I alitum 






eolo, -ere, to cultivate, till 


coliii 


cultum 


incolo, -ere, to inhabit 


incolm 


incultum 


consdio, -ere, to counsel 


consului 


consultum 


molo, -ere, to grind 


moliii 


molitiim 


occulo, -ere, to conceal 


occului 


occultum 


fremo, -ere, to growl 


fremui 


fremitum 


gemo, -erg, to groan 


ggmtii 


ggmittim 


tremo, -ere, to tremble 


tremiii 


wanting 


vomo, -gre, to vomit 


vomiii 


vomitum 


€vom6, -ere, to vomit up 


evomili 


evomitQm 


gigno, -ere, to beget 


gentii 


g^nitum 


pono, -er6, to place, lay down 


posui 


positum 


antepOno, -erg, to prefer 


ant^posiii 


ant^positum 


oppono, -ere, to oppose 


oppSsui 


oppOsituia 



74 ■-- 



[cello, / impeT\ 
percello, -ere, to heat down 
antScello, -ere, 
praecello, -er6, )■ to excel 
excello, -ere, 



■\ 



percuH 


perculsfim 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


plication: 




cScInT 


cant&n 


concinui 


wanting 


praeciniii 


wanting 


cGcurri 


cursGm 


accucurri 
accurri 


[ accurstiin 


^ conciicurri 
concurri 


concurstiin 


occurri 


occursGm 


rgcurri 


recursum 


succurri 


succursiiin 


fefelli 


falsiim 


rgfelli 


wanting 


pSpiili 


pulsum 


d^puli 


depulsum 


rgpuli 


rSpulsum 



S87. With Redu] 

cano, -ere, to sing 

concino, -erS, to sound together 

praecino, -ere, to sing to one 
curro, -ere, to run 

accurro, -€re, to run to 

concurro, -erg, to run together 

occurro, -ere, to meet 

recurro, -Srg, to run back 

succurro, -ere, to succor 
fallo, -ere, to cheat 

refello, -erg, to refute 
pello, -ere, to drive (away) 

depello, -erg, to dispel 

rfipeilo, -grg, to repel 

Translate into English, 

Morbis quoque natura quasdam leges posiiit. Ferreus assi- 
diio^ consumitur anulus^ usu. Sagae' multos crediilos* vatici- 
nationibus'^ fefellerunt et fallunt. Athenienses Themistoclem, 
Aristidem, aliosque clarissTmos viros in exsilmm^ pepulerunt. 
Italia inferior a Graecis coionis'^ incolebatur. Caesar pecuniam 
publTcam® ex aerario' sumpserat, etiam a railitibus suis mutiiam^® 
pecuniam sumpserat. Natura multa^^ ad^^ usum hominum genuit. 

^constant ^a ring ^fortuneteller ^credulous people ^prophecy ^exile ''co- 
lonist public ^treasury ^^orrowed; mutuum sumSre, to borrow ^^many things 
isfor 

Write in Latin, 

Not all the fields which are tilled, are fruitful. Many men 
have used up their whole property^ in play and pleasure'. 
Virtue has always been preferred to all pleasures and joys by 
wise men. Mount Vesuvius vomits up sparks^ and ashes. The 
larger beasts are caught, the smaller (ones) despised, by lions. 



— 75 



In spring the nightingale sings during* the whole night. Alexan- 
der the Great was carried off'' by a sickness in the year 324 be- 
fore® Christ^ 

Ires familiaris 2^bl. without prepos. SgcintillS;, -ae <per w. Ace. %b. 
sumo, -6r^ 6ante w. Ace. 'Christu-s, -i; before Christ, ante Christum 
natum 



388. 



Perfect in vi : 



cerno, -€r6, to see, discern (cr6vi) 

dgcerno, -ere, to determine decrevi 

discerno, -ere, to distinguish discrevi 

lino, -ere, to smear l6vi (llvi) 

allino, -ere, to besmear allevi 

illino, -ere, to bedaub ill6vi 

sino, -ere, to let sivi 

desino, -Sre, to leave off desivi, desii 

sperno, -ere, to despise sprevi 

sterno, -ere, to strew stravT 

prosterno, -ere, to overthrow prostravi 

sero, -ere, to sow, plant sevi 

consero, -ere, to plant consevi 

insero, -ere, to plant in ins6vi 

sero, -ere, to join serGi 

dSsero, -ere, to forsake deserui 

dissSro, -ere, to discourse disserui 

insero, -ere, to insert inserui 

tero, -ere, to rub, wear out trivi 

contero, -ere, to rub off contrivi 

detero, -ere, to wear away detrivi 

389. Varioiis Irregularities: 

vello, -ere, to pluck, pull velli (vulsi) 

avello, -gre, to pull down avelli 

premo, -erg, to press press! 

comprimo, -Sre, to press together compressi 

exprlmo, -ere, to press out express! 

supprimo, -ere, to keep back suppress! 
psallo, -ere, to play on the cithern psall! 
emo, -ere, to buy, purchase 

coemo, -erg, to buy together 

redimo, -€rS, to buy back 

adimo, -erg, to take away 



perlmo, -erg, to slay 



e66m! 
r^dem! 
adem! 
pgrem! 



(crgtiim) 

decrStum 

discretum 

litum 

allitum 

illitum 

situm 

desitum 

spretum 

stratum 

prostratGin 

satum 

eonsitum 

insitum 

sertum 

desertum 

dissertum 

insertuin 

tritum 

contrltuin 

detrltuin 

vulsiim 

avulsum 
pressum 

corapressum 

expressiim 

suppressviin 

wanting 

emptum 

cSemptum 

rSdemptum 

ademptvim 

pSremptum 



— ?6 



gSro, -ere, to carry on 


gessi 


gestfim 


conger o, -ere, to bring together 


congessi 


congestum 


tiro, -ere, to burUj parch 


ussi 


ustum 


comburo, -erg, to burn (wholly) 


combussi 


combustum 


verro, -ere, to sweep 


verri 


versum 


quaero, -ere, to seek, desire 


quaesivi 


quaesitum 


acquire, -ere, to acquire 


acquisivi 


acqulsitum 


anquiro, -erg, to search after 


anqnTsivi 


anquisittiiii 


inquTro, -erg, to inquire 


inquisivi 


inquisitum 


fero, ferrg, to hear [403) 


tuli 


latiim 


faro, -grg, to rage 


wanting 


wanting 


toUo, -grg, to lift, take away 


sustiili 


sublatiim 



Translate into English, 

Res familiaris quaeri debet labore et parsimonia. Inspice^ 
merces, quas emere cupis. Domus avi mei, nuper^ empta, ho- 
die incendio absumpta^ est. Virtutem omnes colunto*, vitia 
spernunto. Numa, secundus Romanorum rex, nullum bellum 
gessit. Socrates extremo vitae die^ de^ immortalitate' animi 
disseruit. Antonius Caesaris interfecti corpus in foro com- 
bussit. Multi veterum poetarum® versus® Ciceronis scriptis in- 
sert! sunt. Solem e mundo toUunt, qui amicitiam e vita toUunt. 

Ho examine ^ot long ago 3incendio absuml, to he destroyed by fire Ho prac- 
tice *Abl. to denote time when ^on Hmmortolity ^oet ^erse 

Write hi Latin. 

My grandfather had planted many trees with his own hand. 
The most learned men have frequently discoursed on the origin 
of things. In war the ancients employed elephants which 
sometimes threw to the ground whole lines of battle. God has 
not a body; for this reason^, though^ he is every^^here, he can 
nowhere be seen. Very many wars have been carried on by 
the Romans. Where did you buy this book? The sons do not 
always follow the footsteps* of (their) fathers. 

^idcirco 2etsl Svestlgliijii, -i 



Stems in s, X (cs) 

390, There is only one stem in s preceded by a Vowel, viz. visO; 
all the rest are in s preceded by a Consonant 



77 



viso, -Sre, io visit 
depso, -Sre, to knead 



wanting 

depsttiin 

pinsitum 

pistum 

textum 



visi 
depsiii 

pinso, -ere, to pound | pinsi*^ 

texo, -ere, to weave texui 

According^ to the Analogy of the 4th Conjugation: 

arcesso, -ere, to summon arcessivi arcessitum 

capesso, -ere, to lay hold of capessivi capessitum 

facesso, -ere, to accomplish facessivi facessitum 

lacesso, -ere, to excite lacessivi lacessitum 

incesso, -ere, to fall upon incessivi (-i) wanting 

S T E M s in sc. 
391, Stems strengthened by sc have generally an inchoative 
meaning, i. e., they denote the beginning of an action — Inchoative or 
Inceptive Verbs. When formed from Verbs (by adding sc to Yowel- 
stems, and isc to Consonant-stems) they are Qdi\\Q6.Verl)al Inceptives\ 
when from Substantives and Adjectives, Denominative Inceptives. 

Verbal Inceptives. 

892, Verbal Inceptives take the Perfect and Supine of their 
Primitives, if such Perfect and Supine actually exist. 

393. Many Verbs in sco are no longer used as Inchoatives, 
but in the sense of their Primitives which have been disused: 
cresco, -ere, io grow 
nosco, -ere, to (learn to) know 

agnosco, -ere, to acknowledge 

cognosce, -ere, to know 
pasco, -ere, to graze 
quIesco,-ere } ^^^^ 

requiesco, -ere ) 
suesco, -ere, to 'become used 

assuesco, -ere \ to he accus- 

consuesco, -ere j tomed 
compesco, -ere, io restrain 
disco, -ere, to learn 

dedisco, -ere, to unlearn 

edisco, -ere, to learn by heart 
posco, -ere, to demand 

deposco, -ere, to request 

exposco, -ere, to request earnestly expSposci 

rSposco, -ere, to demand back 
gliscS, -6re, to grow up 



crSvi 


crStuni 


novi 


notiitn 


agnovi 


agnitiim 


cognOvi 


cognitiim 


pavi 


pastum 


quigvi 


quietum 


requlevi 


requietuni 


suevi 


suetiim 


assugvi 


assuetum 


consuevi 


consuetum 


compescui 


tvanting 


didici 


wanting 


dedidici 


wanting 


edidici 


wanting 


poposci 


wanting 


depoposci 


wanting 


expSposci 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 


wanting 



8 — 



Translate into English, 

Omnes, qui in Graeciam^ iter fecerunt, AthSnas visSrunt. 
Imperator Carolus Magnus^ paene senex literas didicit. Non 
ex sermombus^, sed ex factis vera hominis natura cognoscitur. 
Yeteribus populis tres tantum partes orbis terrarum cogmtae 
erant. Paster gregem pastum educit*. Juventus est tempus 
discendi. Incipe^, parve puer, risu® cognoscere matrem. Sem- 
per cogita', primam esse virtutem compescere linguam. 

/^Greece '^Charlemagne ^speech Ho turn out Hohegm Hmile Ho think 

Write in Latin. 

Spiders^ weave very thin nets. We learn verses by heart 
more easily^ than prose'. Below* the earth the bones of the 
dead repose. In the most ancient times^ Egypt was visited by 
no stranger. You will learn the Latin language in a short 
time^, if you be^ diligent and attentive. Even without a master 
vices are learned. From' (their) earliest^ years the Spartans 
were accustomed to frugality. The Latins had demanded ci- 
tizenship^ from^® the Romans. 

laranea, -ae sfgcilius Sprosa oratio '*sub w. Abl. ^^\. without Prepo- 
sition cpranslate: wiJl be 'a w. Abl. Spnmus 9ci vitas, -atxs ^^R w. Abl. 

394, Bat the great majority of Verbal Inceptives are from 
Primitives which actually exist 



Witli the Perfect and Supine of their 
ab51esco, -SrS, to disappear abolevi 

aboleo 

adolesco, -ere, to grow up adolevi 

adoleo 

obsolesco, -ere, to become obsolete obsolevi 
obsoleo 

coalesco, -ere, to grow together coalfli 
alo 

conciipisco, -ere, to covet conciipivi 

ciipTo 

convalesco, -ere, to recover convaliii 

valeo 

exardesco, -ere, to take fire exarsi 

ardeo 

obdormisco, -Sre, to fall asleep obdormlvl 
dormio 



Primitives: 

abolitum 

adulttlm 

obsoletum 

coalitum 

conciipitum 

convalitum 

exarsum 

obdormltiim 



- 79 



rgvivisco, -€re, to live again rSvixi 

VIVO 

scisco, -erS, to decree scivi 

eonscisco, -ere, to bring upon conscivi 

scio 

condolesco, -erg, [ ^^ . ^ ^^^ condolui 

indolesco, -ere, i indolm 

doleo 

inveterasco, -ere, to grow old inveteravi 

invetero 



rgvictiini 

scitum 

conscitum 

condolitiini 
indolitiiln 

invSteratum 



With the Perfect of their Primitives: 
acesco, -ere, to turn sour acui 



aceo 




aresco, -ere, to become dry 


ariii 


arSo 




calesco, -ere, to become warm 


caltii 


caleo 




conticesco, -ere, to become still 


conticui 


taceo 




delitesco, -ere, to hide away 


delittiT 


lateo 




effervesce, -ere, to boil up 


effervGi & efferbtil 


ferveo 




effloresce, -ere, to begin to bloom efflortli 


floreo 




extimesco, -ere, to fear 


extimiii 


timeo 




eriibeseo, -ere, to turn red 


grubtii 


rubeo 




horresco, -ere, to stand on end 


horrOi 


horreo 




illucesco, -€re, to grow light 


illuxi 


Iticeo 




intumesco, -ere, to swell 


intumtii 


tumeo 




pallesco, -erg, to turn pale 


paUiii 


palleo 




putresco, -€rg, to rot 


putriii 


putreo 




senesco, -erS, to grow old 


sSniii 


seneo 





80 — 



rSsipisco, -ere, to come to one*s rSsiptii 

sapio [senses 

ingemisco, -ere, to groan ingemui 

gemo 

contremisco, -erg, to tremble contremui 

tremo 

Wanting Perfect and Supine. 

hisco, -ere, to yawn flavesco, -ere, to become yellow 

hio flaveo 

augesco, -ere, to augment hebesco, -ere, to grow dull 

augeo liebeo 

Denominative Inceptives. 

395. Most Denominative Inceptives want both Perfect and 
Supine; some have the Perfect in iii. 

Wanting Perfect and Supine, 
aegresco, -erS, to fall sick plumesco, -ere, to get feathers 



aeger, sick 

ditesco, -ere, to grow rich 

div6s, rich 

dulcesco, -ere, to become sweet 

dulcis, sweet 

grandesco, -erS, to grow large 

grandis, large 

mltesco, -ere, to become mild 

mitis, mild 

pinguesco, -ere, to grow fat 

pinguis, fat 



pluma, a feather 

puerasco, -ere, to become a 

puer, a child [child 

juvenesco, -ere, to grow young 

jiivenis, young 

gravesco, -ere, to grow heavy 

gravis, heavy 

integrasco, -ere, to begin anew 

integer, fresh 

teneresco, -ere, to grow tender 

tengr, tender 



With the Perfect in iii. 

crebresco, -ere, to become frequent (crebSr, frequent) crebriii 

duresco, -ere, to grow hard (durus, hard) duriii 

evanesce, -ere, to vanish (vanus, empty) gvanm 
innotesco^ -ere, to become known (notiis, known) nnotui 

maeresco, -ere, to grow meager (macer, meager) macrui 

matureseo, -ere, to ripen (maturus, ripe) maturiii 

nigresco, -ere, to become black (niger, black) nigriii 

obmutesco, -ere, to become dumb (mutus, dumb) obmutui 

recrudesce, -ere, to break open afresh (crudus, fresh) recrudui 

vilesco, -ere, to become vile (vllis, vile) vilul 



14 



— 81 — 

Translate into English. 

Saepe etiam maxime nefarii^ homines, conscientiae vi per- 
culsP, pallescunt. Sophoclis' poetae filii non erubuerunt patrem 
suum amentiae* arguere\ Quidam homines sic disputant^: Si 
fatum' tibi est ex morbo convalescere, sive medicum adhibueris, 
sive non adhibueris convalesces. Avus mens in publicis mune- 
ribus^ senuit. Aqua marina® salsa est et amara, ne^" putrescat. 
Sincerum^^ est nisi^^ vas, quodcumque infundis^^, acescit. Ignavi 
sunt, qui sibi ipsi mortem consciscunt^^ 

^wicked ^struck ^Sophocles ^madness Ho charge with Ho reason yate 
^office 9/5ea- (Adject.) Hest ^^pure ^ifnot '^Ho pour into ^^coward isgibi con- 
sciscere, to bring upon one's self 

Write in Latin, 

Parents live again in their children. This year^ grapes have 
not ripened. Those who fear turn pale. Nothing dries more 
quickly'^ than a teaP. When the crops have ripened, they are 
reaped* with sickles and carried^ into^ barns\ In consequence^ of 
the cold® grain ripens later^** in Germany^^ than in Italy. In school 
we read the story of a man who fell asleep on^^ a mountain, and 
came to life again^^ twenty years after^*. May he rest in peace I 

'Abl. 2citius 3iacrimS/, -ae ^demeto, -SrS Sygho, -Sro ^n w. Ace. 
'horreiiin., -i ^propter, w. Ace. ^Plur. ^Oserlus "Germanic/, -ae '^ w. Abl. 
%evivisco, -Sre ^^post w. Ace. Translate: after 20 years. 

396. Deponent Verbs, 

fruor, -T, io enjoy fruTtiis & fructus sum 

perfruor, -T, to enjoy fully perfructus sum 

fangor, -T, to discharge functus sum 

defungor, -T, to discharge defuncttis sum 

gradior, -T, to step gressus sum 

aggredior, -i, to attack aggressus sum 

labor, -T, to glide^ roll on lapsus sum 

dllabor, -T, to fall asunder dilapsus sum 

loqudr, -i, to speak locutiis sum 

all5qu5r, -T, to address allocutus sum 

morior, -T, to die mortuiis sum — P. Part mSriturus 

nitdr, -i, to stay one's self on nisus & nixiis siim 

patidr, -T, to suffer passus sum 

perpStidr, -T, to endure perpessGs sum 
[pleetor] 

amplectSr, -i, to embrace amplextis sdm 



— 82 



querSr, -T, to complain 
sequor, -T, to follow 

assequor, -T, to pursue 
t\t5r, -T, to use 

abiitdr, -i, to use^ abuse 
revertor, -i, to turn back 

"With steins in sc 
[apiscSr, -i, to reach after aptiis sum] 

adlpiscor, -T, to obtain 
clefetiscor, -i, to be worn out 
expergiscor, -i, to awake 
irascor, -T, to grow angry 
[mlniscor, I recollect] 

comminiscor, 

reminiscor 
nanciscor, -T, to get 



questfis sum 

secutfis sum 

assecutiis sum 

tisus sum 

abusus sum 

reverti, active — Part, reversus 



adeptiis sum 

defessiis sum 

experrectus siim 

(iratus sum) — iratus, angry 



1, to devise 
-1, to remember 



nascor, -i, to be born 
obliviscSr, -T, to forget 
paciscor, -i, to strike a bargain 
pascor, -1, to feed 
proficiscor, -i, to set out, start 
ulciscor, -1, to avenge 
vescor, -i, to feed upon^ eat 



commeutus sum 

wanting 

nactfis & nanctus sum 

natus sum — Fut. Part, nascituriis 

oblTtiis Slim 

pactus sum 

pastiis sum 

profectus sum 

ultiis sum 

wanting 



Translate into English. 

Homo totiens^ moritur, quotiens^ amittit suos. Stultitiae' est 
aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum. Nos omnes propens? 
sumus ad obliviscendum. Impares* nati sumus, pares moriemur, 
aequat^ omnes sepulcrum^ Homo solus ex omnibus animantibus' 
Dei notitiam* nactus est. In terra nihil perfectum® est, hoc 
nos querimur, hoc majores" nostri questi sunt, hoc posteri 
nostri querentur. Duos qui sequTtur lepores, neutrum capit. 

^as often as ^folly; stultitiae est, it is a mark of folly Hnclined ^unequal 
Ho level ^grave mving being Motion ^perfect ^^ofthat ^^ancesiors 



10 



12 



Write in Latin, 
The Verbs iitor, I use; fruor, / enjoy; fungor, / discharge; 
vescor^ / feed on, eat, take the Ablative, as: bona valetudine fruor, 
/ enjoy good health. 

We carry on war in order that* we may enjoy peace. 
Alexander tUe Grreat died in the very' course pf victory^ but he 



— 83 — 

has obtained the glory of immortality. Greatness* of mind em- 
braces in itself all virtues. While we are speaking, the hour 
flies. The most ancient inhabitants of Greece fed on acorns. 
The elder^ Cato^ ate the same food and drank the same wine 
with his servants. Caesar first set out with a Roman army for' 
Britain*. 

lut 2ips5 SjiiagnitudS, -inis ^n se Smajor «Cat8, -onis ^in w. Ace. 
sBritannia, -a© 



VERBS of the FOURTH CONJUGATION. 

397. The Fourth Conjugation includes all Verbs with vowel- 
stems in T. Their Perfect and Supine are formed by adding respect- 
ively vT, turn, according to the rule already given (344). Or, in 
other words, in the Fourth Conjugation the Regular Forms of the 
Principal Parts are these: 

Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 
-io -ire 

audio audire, to hear 

398. The following Verbs < 
from the usual mode of formation: 

farcio, -Tre, to stuff 

refercio, -ire, to cram 
fulcio, -ire, to support 
haurio, -ire, to draw 

exhaurio, -ire, to exhaust 
saepio, -ire, to fence in 
salio, -ire, to leap 

dissilio, -ire, to hurst asunder 
sancio, -ire, to sanction 
sarcio, -ire, to mend 
sentio, -ire, to feel, perceive 
sepelio, -ire, to bury 
venio, -ire, to come 

invenio, -ire, to flnd out, invent 
vincio, -Ir6 _ ) ^^ ^.^ 

devmcio, ire ) 
amicTo, -ire, to clothe 
pario, -erg, to bring forth (3d Conjugation) 

aperio, -irS, to open 

rgpMo, -ir6, to find 



Perfect. 


Supine. 


-ivi 


-itiim 


audi VI 


auditiim 


the Fourth Conjugation vary 


farsi 


fartilm 


refers! 


refertilm 


fulsi 


fultum 


hausi 


haustiim 


exhausi 


exhaustum 


saepsi 


saeptum 


salui 


saltum 


dissilui 


wanting 


sanxi 


sanctiim jSancittim 


sarsi 


sartGin 


sensi 


sen sum 


sepelivi 


sgpultiim 


V^Ql 


ventiiin 


inveni 


inventflm 


vinxi 


vinctftin 


devinxi 


devincttliii 


wanting 


amictfim 


igation) 




apgrtli 


apgrttim 


rSpSri 


rSpertum 



-- 84 — 

Wanting Perfect and Supine: 
feilo, -Tre, to strike, beat • and Desideratives 

ferocio, -ire, to be unruly in uriO, as: 

superbio, -irS, to be proud Csiirio, -ire, to want to eat 

Translate into English. 

Alexandri Magni jussu Cyri sepulcrum apertum est. Regia^ 
DionysiP tyranni'' perpetiio* custodibus^ saepta erat. Inventa 
sunt specula, ut homo se ipse nosceret. Lex erat apud Roma- 
nos: Nemo intra urbem sepelltor. Apes et formlcae victum^ 
comportanf memores hiemis venturae. Innumerae artes ab 
hominibus inventae sunt. Thales interrogatus^, quidnam sa- 
pientissTmum esset in tota rerum natura®, respondit: tempus; 
invenifc enim omnia. 

^royal 'palace ^Dionysius ^tyrant ^constantly ^guard ^ood Ho coUect 
^to ask ®tota rerum natura, the whole world 

Write in Latin, 

Spring opens the rivers and lakes to navigation. The best 
precepts of life are drawn from* the sacred books. Letters are 
said to have been invented by the Phenicians. Alexander the 
Great opened the grave of Cyrus. Of all the Romans, Trajan^ 
alone was buried within* the city. The Carthaginians^ bound 
the Romans with* iron chains"^, and guarded them with^ great 
severity^ Pyrrhus® first came with (cum) elephants into Italy. 
The body of Caesar was buried by (his) sorrowing^* friends. 

inavtgatiS, -onis %x, w. Abl. sTrajaniis, -i ^intra, w. Ace. sCartha- 
giniensis, ^Abl. without Prepos. 'cStena/, -ae ^sgyeritas, -atis ^Pyrr- 
h\is, -i »Oinaest"us, -a, -ixin 

399. Deponent Verbs. 

assentior, -TrT, to assent assensiis sum 

metior, -irT, to measure mensus sum 

or^or, -iri, to begin orsiis sum 

experior, -iri, to try, experience expertus sum 

oppSiior, -irT, to await oppertus sum 

oridr, -iri, to rise, arise ortus sum 

p,.«e ir.A ( oridr oreris oritur ) oj n • x- 
Pres. Ind. j _^^^ .^.^.^ oriuntur \ ^^ Oonjngation. 

Imperf. Subj. orirer or orerer Gerundive, oriundiis, -3-, -um 

Put. Part, orlturus, -a, -um 
adorior, -iri, to attack adortfis sum 



— 85 — 

The Compounds of 5rior follow the conjugation of the simple Verb, 
except adoriri, to rise up ai^ attack^ which follows the Fourth Coiy'u- 
gation throughout 

Translate info English, 

Numqnam oraciilum Delphicum tarn celebre fuisset, nisi 
omnis aetas sortium^ earum veritatem esset experta. Quam 
multi luce indigni^ sunt, et tamen dies oritur! Qui Deum imi- 
tatur, etiam ingratis beneficia dat, nam et sceleratis^ sol oritur, 
et piratis* maria patent. Rhenus, in AlpTbus ortus, non pro- 
cul ab origine^ sua magnum lacum eflfifcit^ Suo quisque metu' 
periciila metltur. Inermem^ \\v fortis numquam adorietur. 

^divination hinworthy; Indignus takes the Abl. ^wicked pirate ^source 
^ioform 'Abl. in answer to the question by what? ^an unarmed person 

Write in Latin, 

The Romans often tried the fortune of war. We measure 
great men by virtue, not by fortune. The greatest evils have 
arisen from^ avarice. The civiP war between Caesar and Pom- 
pey^ arose in Italy. Most people measure all things by fortune. 
The Rhine which rises in the Alps, flows through the midst of 
Germany^ into the ocean. Who shall count the stars, who has 
measured the greatness of the earth? 

>ex, w. Abl. 2civilis, -© sPompej^s, -i '♦media Germania, -ae, the midst 
of Germany, 

Irregular Conjugation. 

400, A few Verbs are irregular in the Conjugation 

of the Present and the forms derived from it. These 

are: 

sum, I arrij and its Compounds. 

The conjugation of sum has already been given (303) ; its Com- 
pounds are conjugated in the same way except posse, to he able. 

401. Pros. Ind. & Pres. Inl Perfect Supine 
possum posse, to be able potui 



^- 86 



Inmcativb. 

pos' sum, lean 
p6' tes, thou canst 
p6' test, he ean 
pos' sii mus, we can 
po te' stis, 2/<^i* ^^^ 
pos' sunt, they can 



Subjunctive. 



Present. 



pos' Sim, / may he able 
pos' sis, thou may est he ahle 
pos' sit, he may he ahle 
pos si' mus, we may he ahle 
pos si' tis, you may he ahle 
pos' sint, they may he ahle 



Imperfect 

p6' t6 ram, I could, was ahle pos' sem, I might he ahle 

po' te ras, thou couldst 

po' te rat, he could 

po te ra' mus, we could 

po te ra' tis, you could 

po' te rant, they could 



pos' ses, thou mightest he ahle 
pos' set, he might he ahle 
pos se' mus, we might be able 
pos se' tis, you might he ahle 
pos' sent, they might he ahle 



Future. 



po' te ro, / shall be ahle 
po' te ris, thou wilt he ahle 
po' te rit, he will be ahle 
po te' ri mus, we shall he ahle 
po te' ri tis, you will be ahle 
po' te runt, they will he able 



(wanting) 



po' tu T, I have been able 

po tu i' sti 

po' tu it 

po tu' i mus 

po tu i'stis 

po tu 6' runt 



po tu' e rim, / may have been ahle 

po tu' e ris 

po tu' e rit 

po tu e ri mus 

po tu e ri tis 

po tu' e rint 



Pluperfect. 

po til' 6 ram, I had been ahle po tu is' sem, I might have been able 

po tu' e ras po tu is' s6s 

po tu' e rat po tu is' set 

po tu e ra' mus po tu is se' mus 

po tu g ra' tis po tu is sg' tis 

po tu' e rant po tu is' sent 



— 87 ^ 

Indicative. Subjunctivb. 

Future Perfect. 
p6 tu' e ro, I shall have been able (wanting) 

p6 tu' e ris 
p6 tu' e rit 
p6 tu e ri mus 
po tu e ri tis 
p6 tu' e rint 

iNTiNrnvE, 
Preient. pos' s§, to be able Perfect. p6 tu is' se, to have been able 

402. The Yerb sum is joined with the Adjective potis, able^ 
making the Compound (pot-sum) possum, Ican^ am able. This is 
conjugated like sum, but observe: 

that the t of pot is assimilated before s, thus: possum instead of* 
potsum ; 

that the f is dropped in ful, fueram, etc., thus: potui for potfui; 

that potessg and potessem are contracted into posse, possem. 

Participle, Imperative, and Gerund are wanting; potens, mighty , is 
simply an Adjective. 

Translate into English. 

The Yerb posse is used in the same sense as the English can. 
Without an accompanying Yerb it means to be able to do. 

Justitia sine prudentia^ plurimum poterit, sine justitia nihil 
valebit' prudentia. Haec vita brevier^ est, quam ut tota vita 
hominum esse possit. Ego possum legere, tu potes scribere, 
sorer potest acu pingere*. Sine agricultura homines vivere 
non possunt. Idcirco legum servi sumus, ut liberi esse possl- 
mus. Beatus esse sine virtute nemo potest. Yir sapiens non 
potest miser esse. Discite, quid virtus et quid sapientla possit. 

^prudence Snihil valere, to be powei^less Hoo shoH -^acu pingere, to embroider 

TVrite in Latin. 

You can deceive men, but you will not be able to deceive 
God. Wicked men will not be able to quit^ life with an even' 
mind^ The father gives his sons* books, that they may be 
able to learn. Many cannot endure^ the pains of sickness. 
You will not be able to be a friend to all. Caesar was able to 
writC; read; bear and dictate® at one and the same time\ We 



- 88 — 

cannot drink sea-water. No animal which has blood can be 
without a heart. 

irelinquo, -Si'e Saequiis, -5^, -tixn. s^bl. without prepos. *?iis sons = 
to Ms sons Hole, o, -arS ^dicto, -ar^ 'Abl. 

403. Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. Supine, 

fero ferre, to bear, carry tiili latum 

Active. 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present, 

fe'ro. I bear f6' ram, I may bear 

fers fe' ras 

fert fe' rat 

fe' ri mus fe ra' mus 

fer' tis fe ra' tis 

fe' runt fe' rant 

Imperfect, 

fg re' bam, I was bearing fer' rem, I should bear 

fe re' bas fer' res 

fe re' bat fer' ret 

fe re ba' mus fer re' mus 

fe re ba' tis fer re' tis 

fe re' bant fer' rent 

Future, 
fe' ram, I shall bear j^ ^-^, ^^ i sim \ 

f.[ ''tl -a, -uni I ^!f ) may be 

fe' ret ^ sit ( ,*^ , 

X.W -, w , ., w > about 

fe re' mus is+-.fv.T ( si' mus ( ^ , 

ow -,.w latu'ri, J _, ,. \ to bear 

fe re' tis 1 K si' tis \ 

fe'rent ' ' sint / 

Perfect, 

tu' IT, I bore or have borne tu' le rim, I may have borne 

tu li' sti tu' le ris 

til' lit tu' le rit 

til' li mus tu le ri mus 

tu li' stis tu IS ri tis 

tu le' runt tu' le rint 



4 



'i 






— 89 — 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Pluperfect. 

ti^' le ram, / had home tu lis ' sSm, I should have home 

tu' Ig ras tu lis' ses 

tu' lerat tu lis' set 

tu le ra' mus tu lis se' mus 

tu le ra' tis tu lis se' tis 

tu' le rant tu lis' sent 

ruture Perfect, 
tu' IS ro, J shall have home (wanting) 

. tu' le ris 
tu' le rit 
tu le ri mus 
tu Je ri tis 

tu' IS rint 

Impeeattve. 

Pres. Sing, fer, hear thou Plur. fer' te, hear ye 

Put. ** fer' to, thou shdlt hear ** fer to' te, ye shall hear 
" fer' to, he shall hear ** fe run' to, they shall hear 

Infinith^e. 
Pres. fer' re, to hear 

Perf. tu lis' se, to have home 

Put. la tu' rus, -a, -iim es' se, &c., to he ahout to hear 

Participles. 
Pres. f6' rens, f6 ren' tis, hearing 
Put. la tu' rus, la tu' ra, la tu' rum, ahout to hear 

Gerund. Supine. 

Gen. fe ren' di, of hearing 
Dat. fe ren' do, for hearing 



Ace. fe ren' dum, hearing la' turn ) - 
Abl. f6 ren' do, hy hearing ]a' tii \ ^^^ 




Passive. 


Indicative 


Subjunctive. 
Present. 


fe' ror, lam home 


fe' rar, I may he home 


fer' ris 


fg ra' ris 


fer' tur 


fS ra' tur 


fe' ri mur 


fe ra' mur 


fe ri' mi ni 


fg ra' mi ni 


fe run' tiir 


f? ran' tur 



— 90 



Indicative. 

fe re' b3,r, I was home 

fe re "ba' ris 

fe re ba' tur 

fe re l>a' miir 

f5 re ba' mi nl 

fe re ban' tur 

fe' rar, I shall he home 

fe re' ris 

fe re' tiir 

fe re' mur 

fe re' mi ni 

fe ren' tur 



Subjunctive. 
Imperfect. 

for' rer, I might he home 

fer re' ris 

fer re' ttir 

fer re' mur 

fer re' mi ni 

fer ren' tur 



Future. 



(wanting) 



Indic. 

SUBJ. 



Indic. 

SUBJ. 



Perfect, 
la' tus, -a, -tim sum, / was^ or have heen, home 
la' tus, -a, -um sim, I may have heen home 

Pluperfect, 
la' tus, -a, -tim eram, I had heen home 



Pres. 
Fut. 



Pres. 
Perf. 
Fut 



la' tus, -a, -um essem, I might have heen home 

Future Perfect. 
Indic. la' tus, -a, -um ero, I shall have heen home 

Impeeative. 
Singular. Plural, 

fer' re, he thou home fe ri' mi ni, he ye home 



fer' tor, thou shalt he home 

far' tor, he shall he home fe run' tor, they shall he home 

Infinitive, 
fer' ri, to he home 

la' tus, -a, -um es' se, &c., to have heen home 
la' turn i' ri, to he ahout to he home 



Participles. 
Perfect. la' tfls, la' tS,, la' tflm, home 
Gerundive, fe ren' dus, fe ren' da, fg ren' dum, to he home 

Care should be taken not to confound tlie two Yerbs: 

ferre, to hear, and ferire, to heat (398.) 



91 



404. 


Compounds of fero are conjugated like the simple Yerb: 


adfero 


adferre, to afford attiili . adiatiim 


aufero 


auferre, to carry away abstiili ablatum 


confero 


conferre, to bring together contiili collatum 


differo 


differre, to defer distiili dilatum 


effero 


efferre, to carry out extuli elatiim 


infero 


inferre, to carry into intiili illatum 


praefero 


praeferre, to prefer praetiili praelatum 


refero 


referre, to bring back retiili, rettuli relatum 



Translate into English, 

Aristippus^ servo, qui pecumam ferebat onereque premeba- 
tur, dixit: Abjicel quod nimium est, et fer, quod ferre potes. 
Quern usum afferunt^ venti ? Yenti maxima nobis commoda 
afferunt*; purgant^ enim aerem vaporibus® non salubrlbus', 
nimios® temperant^ calores, multas morborum causas rerao- 
vent^°; nonnumquam^^ tamen damnum inferunt^^ Socrates 
eundem vultum^^ domum^* referebat, quam domo^^ extulerat. 
Aut^^ fer, aut^^ feri; ne feriare, feri. Antonius, qui mortuus 
est, hodie effertur^\ 

^Aristippus Uo throw down Susum afferre, to do service ^commoda afferre, 
to afford advantages sfo j^wrt/y o/; purgare takes the Abl. ^capor 'non saltiber, 
unhealthy ^excessive Ho tempei- ^o to remove ^hometimes ^damnum inferre, 
to cause damage ^countenance ^%ome ^^from home ^^either..or ^"^tobear 
to the grave 

Write in Latin. 

Yirtue and learning^ are riches which no thief can carry 
away. Xerxes^ waged war upon^ Greece by land and sea*. 
In the most ancient times the dead were borne to the grave 
at night. We shall more bravely^ bear dangers which are 
common to us with many. Do to-day what you can do, be- 
cause (the day of) to-morrow^ is uncertain'. A virtuous man 
is able to bear with an even mind® the troubles of life. Old 
age brings many sorrows with it(self. )^ 

^doctrina, -ae sxerxes, -is sbellura inferre alicui, to wage war upon 
somebody ^terra marlque, by land and sea ^fortius ^^ies crasttnus 'incert"u.s, 
-3;, -"lim. 8A.bl. witliout Prepos. ^secum. 

405. Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect. 

volo velle, to be willing v51iij 

nolo nolle, to be unwilling noliii 

malo malle, to he more willing malui 



— 92 



Indicatiye. 

Present 

lam willing^ unwilling^ more willing 



vo' lo 


no'lo 


ma'lo 


VIS 


non VIS 


ma' vis 


vult 


non vult 


ma' vult 


vo- lu miis 


no' lu mus 


ma' lii miis 


vuP tis 


non vul' tis 


ma vul' tis 


v6' lunt 


no' lunt 

Imperfect. 


ma' lunt 


I was 


willing, unwilling, more willing 


v6 le' bam 


no le' bam 


ma le' bS,m 


vo le' bas 


no le' bas 


male' "bas 


vo ie' bat 


no le' bat 


ma le'*bat 


vo le ba' miis 


nO le ba' miis 


ma le ba' miis 


vo le ba' tis 


no le ba' tis 


ma le ba' tis 


vo le' bant 


no le'bant 

Future. 


ma le' bant 


I shall he willing^ unwilling, 


more willing 


vo' lam 


no' lam 


ma' lam 


vo' les 


no' les 


ma' les 


vo' let 


no' let 


ma' let 


vo le' miis 


no le' mus 


ma le' miis 


vo le' tis 


no le' tis 


ma le' tis 


vo' lent 


no' lent 

Perfect. 


ma' lent 


I was, or have been, willing, unwilling, more willing 


vo'mi 


no' lii i 


ma' lii i 


vo lii i' sti 


no lii i' sti 


ma lu 1' sti 


vo' lii it 


no' lu it 


ma' lu it 


vo lii' i mus 


no lii' i miis 


ma lii' i mus 


vo lii i' stis 


no lu 1' stis 


ma lii 1' stis 


vo lii e' runt 


no lii e' runt 
Pluperfect. 


ma lu e' runt 


/ had been willing, umvilling. 


more willing 


vo lii' e ram 


no lii' e ram 


ma lu' eram 


vo lii' e ras 


no lii' e ras 


ma lu' e ras 


vo m' e rat 


no lii' e rat 


ma lii' e rat 


vo lu e ra' miis 


no lii e ra' mus 


ma lu e ra' miis 


vo lii e ra' tis 


no lu e ra' tis 


ma lii e ra' tis 


v6 lii' e rant 


nO lii' erant 


ma W e rant 



— 93 — 

Indicative. 

Future Perfect. 

I shall have been willing^ unwilling, more willing 



v5 m' e r5 


no lu' e ro 


ma lu' g ro 


v5 lu' g ris 


no lu' € ris 


ma lu' e ris 


vo lu' e rit 


no lu' e rit 


ma lu' e rit 


v5 lu e ri mils 


no lu S ri mus 


ma lu e ri mus 


v6 hi e ri tis 


no lu e ri tis 


ma lu e ri tis 


v5 lii' e Tint 


no lu' e rint 

Subjunctive. 
Present. 


ma lu' e rint 


I may 


he willing, unwilling^ 


more willing 


v6' ITm 


no' lim 


ma' lim 


ve' lis 


no' lis 


ma' lis 


v6' lit 


no' lit 


ma' lit 


v6 li' mils 


no li' niGs 


ma li' mus 


ve li' tis 


no li' tis 


ma li' tis 


ve' lint 


no' lint 


ma' lint 



Imperfect. 
I should he willing, unwilling, more willing 

vel' ISm nol' lem mal' lem 

vel' les nol' les mal' les 

vel' let nol' let mal' let 

vel le' mus nol le' mils mal le' mils 

vel le' tis nol le' tis mal le' tis 

vel' lent nol' lent mal' lent 

Perfect. 
I may have heen willing, unwilling, more willing 

vo lu' e rim no lu' e rim ma lu' e rim 

v6 111' eris no lu' S ris ma lu' e ris 

vo lu' e rit no lu' S rit ma Ivi' e rit 

v5 lu e ri mils no lu e ri mtis ma lu e ri inus 

v5 lu e ri tis no lu e ri tis ma lu e ri tis 

vo lu' e rint no lu' e rint ma lu' S rint 

Pluperfect. 
I should have heen willing, unwilling, more willing 

vo lii is' sem no lu is' sem ma lu is' sem 

vo lu is' ses no lu is' ses ma lu is' ses 

v5 lu is' set no lii is' set ma lu is' s€t 

v6 lii is se' mtis nO lii is se' mils ma lu is se' mils 

vo lu is se' tis nO lii is se' tis ma lu is se' tis 

vo lu is' sent no lii is' sent ma lii is' sent 



— 04 — 

Impeeative. 

be unwilling^ &c, 

wanting Pres. S. no' li PI. no li' tS wanting 

Put. '' no li' to '^ no li to' tS 

no li' to no lun' to 

Infinitivb. 
Pres. vel' 15, nol' le, mal' le, to be willing, &c. 
Perf. vo lii is' se, no lu is' se, ma lu is' se,to have been willing^kc. 

Participles. 
Pres. v6' lens, willing no' lens, unwilling wanting 

Gerund. 
Gen. vo len' di no len' <K wanting 

Dat. vo len' do 

Translate into English, 
vellg, to he willing, loishfor, like 
nolle, to he unwilling, not to wish 
malle, to he more willing, to prefer, ham rather, like hetter 

Malumus pauperes esse et probi quam divites et improbi. 
Unusquisque aliena vitia repreliendere^ mavult, quam sua cor- 
rigere^ Imperator Hadrianus' finem* imperii esse voluit Eu- 
phratem^ Multi maluerunt ruri^ vivere quam in urbe. Noli' 
oblivisci, mi fili, quantum parentibus tuis debeas. Noli' me 
tangerel Qui, quae vult dicit, quae non vult, audiet. Yitia 
nostra, quae amamus, defendimus et malumus excusare* ea, 
quam excutere^^ 

Ho hlame Ho correct ^Hadrian Hiwit ^Euphrates Hn the country ''he 
unwilling to forget = do not forget Ho touch Ho excuse ^Ho shake off 

Write in Latin. 

Alexander wished to extend^ his empire beyond' Indian 
We do not all obtain those things which* we wish. A good 
man would rather be loved than feared. If you wish to be 
happy, imitate the examples of the good. Poets wish either'^ 
to be useful or^ to delight. Aristides the Athenian had rather 
be than appear® good. He who wishes to beat' a dog will 
easily find® a club^ Merchants^*^ prefer to dwelP^ near^^ the 
market. 

iprofero, -r^ 2uitra w. Ace. sjn^ta, -ae ^ea quae, those things which 
%ut..aut fvIdSor, -eri 7caed5, -Sr^ ^invenio, -ir$ ^fustis, - lOmer- 
C5t5i?j -oris iihabiio, -arS isgp^d ^^ ^qq^ 



— 95 



406. Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. 
eo, ir$, io go 



Inpicativb. 
e' o, I go 

IS 

it 

i' mus 
r tis 
e'unt 

V bam, I was going 

V bas 
r bat 
1 ba' mus 
1 ba' tis 
i' bant 

I shall go 
r bO 
rbis 
r bit 
i' bi mus 
r bi tis 

V bunt 

/ went or have gone 

V vl (i' i) 
i vi' sti (i i' sti) 
r vit (i' it) 
i' VI mus (!' 1 mus) 
1 vi' stis (i i' stis) 
i v6' runt (i e' runt) 

I had gone 

V ve ram (i' e ram) 
i' ve ras, (!' 6 ras) 
I' v6 rat, (i' e rat) 

i v6 ra' mus (i e ra' mus) 
I v6 ra' tis (i 6 ra' tis) 

V v6 rant (i' e rant) 



Present. 



Imperfect. 



Future. 



Perfect. 



Perfect. Supine, 

ivi itum 

Subjunctive. 

^' am, 1 may go 

e' as 

e'at 

e a' mus 

e a' tis 

6' ant 

i' rem, / should go 

V r^s 

r ret 

r re' mus 

1 re' tis 

i' rent 



/ may be about to go 
Sim 
sTs 
sit 
mus 
tis 
sint 



wx-/ w f Sll 

1 tu' rus, \ . 

w ' •< SIJ 

j 'I 

( sm 



1 tu' ri 



Pluperfect. 



I may have gone 
r ve rim (i' e rim) 
i' ve ris (i' e ris) 
1' ve rit (i' g rit) 
I ve ri mils (i e ri mus) 
1 vS ri tis (i e ri tis) 
i' ve rint (i' e rint) 

/ should have gone 
1 vis' sem (is' sem) 
1 vis' s6s (Is' s6s) 
1 vis' set (is' set) 
1 vis s6' mils (Is s6' mus) 
1 vis se' tis (Is se' tis) 
1 vis' sent (Is' sent) 



— 96 — 

Indicative. SuBJUNcriyfi. 

Future Perfect. 
I shall have gone 

V ve ro (f S ro) (wanting) 

V ve ris (i' 6 ris) 
r v6 rit, (!' e rit) 

1 ve ri miis (i e ri mus) 
i vg ri tis (I g ri tis) 
r ve rint (i' 6 rint) 

Impeeative. 
Singular. Plural 

Pres. 1, go V te, go ye 

Put. V to, thou shalt go i to' te, ye shall go 

r to, he shall go g un' to, they shall go 

Pres. rr^,togo Ineinitiye. 

Perf. 1 vis' se (Is' se), to have gone 

Put. i tu' rus, -5-, -mn es' se, &c. , ^o 6^ about to go 

Paiiticipl.es. 
Pres. i' ens, Gen. e un' tis, going 
Put. 1 tu' rus, -a, -uni, being about to go 

Gekund. Supine. 

Gen. e un' di, of going 
Dat e un' do, for going 
Ace. 6 un^ dum, going i' turn ) 

Abl. e un' do, by going V tu J ^^ ^^ 

407. The Compounds of eo are conjugated in the same way. 
But usually they drop the v of the Perfect, a:i: redii for redivT, &c., 
and contract the i i of the Perfect Infinitive and of the Pluperfect 
Subjunctive into i, as: redlsse for redi(v)isse, &c. Examples are: 

abeo, -Ire, to go away praetereo, -ire, to pass by 

ineo, -ire, to go into^ begin redeo, -irS, to return, come in 

intereo, -ire, to perish siib^o, -ire, to come or go under 

obeo, -ire, to meet ^ transSo, -ire, to pass over, cross 

408. The Compounds Y^neo, I am for sale, and pereo, I perish, 
serve as Passives to vendo, I sell, and perdo, I ruin. The Compound 
ambio, I go about, seek, is regular of the Fourth Conjugation. 

409. queo quire, to be able quivi quitum 
nequSo nequire, not to be able nequivi nequitum 

are conjugated like irg, to go (406) ; they are, however, usual only 
in the Present Indicative and Subjunctive, 



I 



— 97 — 

Translate into English * 

Mercatores ad mercatum eurit, yarias merces aut emptum 
aut venditumi. Pueris in scholam euntibus dare^ solebant 
Romani custodes^ Cicomae redeuntes eosdem nidos repetunt*, 
earumque reditus'^ ver annuntiat®. Athenienses ea pecuiiTa, 
quae ex metallis"' rcdibat, classem® centum navium aedificave- 
runt. Nudus® in hanc terram veni, nudusque redlbo. Quot 
annos is vixit, cui annus intercalaris^* vicies rediit? Hodie 
omnia quae in mercatum venerunt, venierunt. Pisces sine aqua 
vivere nequeunt. 

Ho sell, Supine ^to give to = to send with ^custodian Ho seek again h-eturn 
Ho announce 'Amines ^Jleet ^naked Heap-year 

Write in Latin. 

After death the body perishes, the soul will never perish. 
Death will pass by nobody. No one had ever crossed the Alps 
with an army before Hannibal. In the beginning of spring^ 
those birds that went away in autumn, return to' us. For^ 
our country we must undergo all dangers. Scipio compelled* 
Hannibal to return (in) to Africa. Many cannot bear the pain 
of sickness. Before the time of Themistocles all the money 
which came in from the mines was distributed to the Athenians. 

Uneunte vere ^^d, w. Ace. ^pro, w. Abl. '*cogo, -6r6 

4^10. Pres. Ind. & Pres. Inf. Perfect Supine, 

edo, -ere, to eat €di ^sum 

(regular of the 3d Conjugation, 373) has also some contracted 
forms, similar to those of the corresponding tenses of esse, to 6e, 
but always with e long before s, viz.: 

Present Indicative. Imperfect Subjunctive. 

Sderem essem, I should eat 

Sdis es, thou eatest Sd^res esses, thou wouldst eat 

edit est, he eats eder^t esset, he would eat 

ederemus essemiis, we should eat 

Sditis estis, you eat ^deretis essetis, you would eat 

Sderent essent, they would eat 

Singnlar. Imperative. p^^^^ 

Pres. Sd6 es, eat thou gdTt6 estg, eat ye 

Put. SditO esto, thou shalt eat 6ditOt6 estStS, ye shall eat 
editO esto, he shall eat 



98 — 



Infinitive. 
gderg esse, to eat 
Passive, gditur esttir, is eaien-ederetiir essetGr, would he eaten 

411. Pres. Ind. & Pres. M Perfect. 

fio, f iSri, to become factus sum 



Indicative. 



Subjunctive. 
Present. 

fi'Sm, I may become 

fi'as 

fi' at 

fi a' mfis 

fi a' tis 

fi'ant 

Imperfect. 

fi' e r^ra, I should become 

fi' e res 

fi' e ret 

ri e re' mus 

fi e re' tis 

fi' e rent 



Future. 



(wanting) 



fi' o, I become 
fis 

nt 

fi' mus 

fi'tis 

fi'unt 

fie' bam, I became 

fi e' bas 

fi e' bat 

fi e ba' mils 

fi e ba' tis 

fi e' bant 

fi' am, I shall become 

fi'es 

fi'et 

fi e' mtis 

fi e' tis 

Perfect. 
/ became or have become I may have become 

factus, -a, -um sum, &c. factus, -a, -um sim, &c. 

Pluperfect. 
I had become I should have become 

factus, -a, ^um eram, &c. factus, -a, -Qm essSm, &c. 

Future Perfect. 
I shall have become 
factus, -a, -15m gro, &c. (wanting) 

Impebattve. 
Pres. Sing, fl, become thou Pto. A' t6, become ye 



— 99 - 

iNTINinVB. 

Pres. fi' 5 ri, to become 

Perf. Sing. Norn. factus,-S;, -um es' se 

to have become 



Ace. fac' turn, -am, -um es' s6 



Plur. Norn, fac' ti, -ae, -a es' s$ 
*' Ace. fac'tos, -as, -a es' se 
Put. factum irl, to be about to become 

Participles. 
Pert factus, -a, -Gm, become; Gerundive. fsiCiendiiSj-&,-um,tobemade 

412. The Verb fio is conjugated in the Present, Imperfect, and 
Future according to the Fourth Conjugation, but takes an e in the 
Inflrdtive andtHe Subjunctive Imperfect, viz.: fiSrl, fiSr^m. In these 
forms the i is short, but elsewhere it is long, even before another 
vowel. It is originally an intransitive Verb meaning to become, to 
happen, but is also treated as Passive to faciO, I make. Examples 
are: 

nihil fit, nothing happens 

consul fit, he is made consul 

dives factiis est, he has become rich 

nihil factum est, nothing has happened. 

413. The Compounds of facio with Prepositions change Si into 
X, and form the Passive regularly, as: 

interficiO, / Mil interficidr, I am killed 

But when compounded with words other than Prepositions, faciO 
retains its &, and uses fio as its Passive, as: 

mansuefacIO, I tame mansugfio, I become tame 

ITquefacIO, / make liquid liquSfio, I melt 

The accent remains the same as in the simple Verbs, thus: 
mansuefu'cis, thou tamest. 

Translate into English. 

Quidquid Midas^ tetigerat, aurum fiebat. Bibitc, este,pueri. 
In Aegypto brassica^ propter' amaritudinem* non estur. De- 
mosthenes'^ interrogatus, quomodo® orator factus esset, re- 
spondit:. ^Tlus olei' quam vini consumpsi. PrincipToVerum 
Deus dixit: Fiat lux, ct lux facta est. Apud veteres Ronianos 
ex agricolis flebant consules; ita Cincinnatus' consul factus 



100 



est. Heri leaenam^*' mansuefactam vidimus. Glacies^^ et nives 
verno" calore jam liquefactae sunt. 

^ Midas ^cabbage ^on account of ^bitterness ^Demosthenes ^how '^oil 
^at the beginning ^Cincinnatus Mioness ^Hce ^^of spring; Yerno calore, by the 
warmth of spring 

Write in Latin, 

Every burden becomes lighter by pati«nce\ In winter 
time^ the days become shorter, and the nights longer. Nobody 
becomes good by chance', virtue is to be learned. It is not 
much* better to lie than to steaP; for liars* soon' become 
thieves. Eat, drink and sleep as much** and as long as health 
will require*. The Romans summoned^® Cincinnatus from" the 
plow^^ that he might become consul. 

JpatientiS;, -ae ^Translate: in time of winter Hsisvi. ^multo ^furor, 
-ari ^mendax:, -acis ^cito ^quantum ^postulo, -arS ^oarcesso, -SrS 
J Jab, w. Abl. i2|iratr\iinL, -i 

Defective Verbs. 

414. Defective Verbs want certain parts. 

415. coepi, / have begun memlni, / remember odT, / hate 
are in use only in the Perfect and the tenses derived from it. To 
coepi, / have begun, incipio, / begin, serves as a Present, memini, 
I remember, and odi, I hate, are Present in sense; hence in the Plu- 
perfect and Future Perfect they have the sense of the Imperfect and 
Future, novi, / know (Perf of nosco, / learn to know), and con- 
suevi, / am wont (Perf of consuescO, / accustom myself) ^ are also 

Present in sense. 

Indicative. 

Pert 



/ have begun 


/ remember 


I hate 


coe' pi 


me' ml ni 


o'di 


coe pi' sti 


me ml ni' sti 


6 di' sta 


coe' pit 


me' mi nit 


0' dit 


coe' pi mtis 


me mi' ni mils 


o' di mils 


coe pi' sjis 


me mi ni' stis 


di' stis 


coe pe' runt 


me mi ne' runt 


de' runt 



Pluperf. coe' pe ram, &c. me mi' ne ram, &c. 6' de ram,&c. 

Put. Perf coe' pe ro, &c. me mi' ne ro, &c. o' de ro, &c. 

Subjunctive. 

Perf. coe' pe rim, &c. me mi' nS rim, &c. o' d€ rim, &c. 

Phperf. coe' pis' sem^ &c. m§ mf nis' sSm^ &c o dis' sSnij&c. 



— 101 — 



Perf. 
Fut 

Perf. 
Fut. 

Pass. 



Impebative. 
mg men' to 
m6 men to' te 

Infinitive. 
me ml nis' se 
(wanting) 

Pabticiples. 
(wanting) 
coep tu' rus, -S», -um (wanting) 

coep' tiis, -Si, -um sum, / have begun (used with the 

Pass. lofinit.) 
6' siis, -a, -tiin sum, / hate] 



(wanting) 



coe pis' se 

coep tu' rus es' se^ 

coep' tus, -a, -Um 



(wanting) 



dis' sS 

su' rus es' s5 

(C sus, -a, -um) 
o su' rus, -a, -tim 



416. ajO, / sa?/, say yeSy affirm - 
luri, to speak 

Pbes. Ind. a' jo Pbes. Subj. 

a' IS a' jas 

a' it , a' jat 



inquam, / 5a?/, quoth I — 



Imp. Ind. 



a* junt 



a' jant 



a JS' bam 
aj6' bas 
aj6' bat 
aje ba' mils 
aje ba' tis 
aje' bant 



Peep. Ind. 



a' It 



Pabticiple. a' Jens, affirmative 



Pbes. Ind. 



Imp. Ind. 



n' quam 
n' quis 
n' quit 
n' qui mus 
n' qui tis 
n' qui unt 
n qui e' bam 
n qui 6' bas 
n qui e' bat 
n qui 6 ba' mus 
n qui ^ ba' tis 
n qui 6' bant 



Pbes. Subj. 



Fut. Ind. 



Pebp. Ind. 

in qui' sti 
in' quit 



Impebat. 



m' qui as 
in' qui at 

in qui a' tis 
in' qui ant 

in' qui 6s 
in' qui et 



in' quS 
in' qui t§ 
in' qui td 



in qui' stis 
inquam, say, is used only in direct quotations, as the English quoth, 



-— 102 — 

Besides the Infinitive farl, to speak, mark: 
Pres. fa,tiir, he speaks Imperat. f^rg, speak thou 

Put. fSihoVj I shall speak Gerund, fsmd}, of speaking 

iubitur, 7ie will speak fandO, for speaking: 

Perf. fatus sum, / have spoken, &c. Supine, fatu, to speak 
Participle, (fantis, fanti) infans, speechless 
Gerundive, fandiis, -a, -iim, to be spoken of 

417. a' v6 sal' v6, sal ve' bis, hail thou! va' 16 ^^fare- 

a v6' te sal v6' te hail ye! va le' te ) well 

a' g^ a' gi te come a' pa ge, 6e g^one 

ce' do cet' t6 ^ire 

4-Z^, To these may be added: 

quae' so, I beseech fo' rem,'! should be 

quae' su mus, we beseech fo' res, thou shouldst be 

fo' ret, he should be 
fo' rent, they should be 
fo' re, to be about to be 

Translate into English. 

SalvSte amlci, jam dudum^ vos exspectavi. Inveni portum, 
spes et fort una valete, sat'* me lusistis^; ludite nunc alios. Sa- 
miorum* legatis*^, qui longam orationem habuerant®, responde- 
runt Spartani: priraa*^ obliti sumus, postrema non intelleximus, 
quia prima non meminimus. Nihil mihi, inquis, proderit dili- 
gentia^ ? Erras®, inquam. Quis foret egenus^* si quisque bene- 
ficus esset ? Tempus, inquis, praeterit". Erras, inquam, tempus 
manet, nos praeterlmus. Nunc ais, quod antea" negavisti^^ 

la long time ^enough Ho trifle vdth *Samian ^ambassador ^io deliver' 
Wiep^st of it ^diligence Ho he mistaken ^^needy ^Ho pass ^^form^^ly ^Hu 
say no, deny. 

Write in Latin. 

Elephants hate the mouse most^ among all animals. You 
say yes, I say no. It is spring; the lark begins to sing. God 
is the author^ of all things; consequently^, you will say, he is 
also the author of evils. You are mistaken, I say; for men 
have turned* blessings^ into evils. Good citizens remember 
the benefits which they owe to their country. Who would be 
needy, if the rich would always remember the poor* ? 

JmaxTmQ 8auctOr, -oris ^ergS <verto, -er$ ^bong., -oru.m «Gen» 



103 — 



Impersonal Verbs. 
4:19. Many Verbs appear only in the third per- 
son Singular and in the Infinitive to express an action 
or condition without reference to any actor. These 
are called Impersonal Verbs. 

420, The following Verbs signifying personal conditions are 
absolutely impersonal: 



Present. Infinitive, 

decet, it becomes decere 

dedecet, it is unbecoming dedeeere 

iroet, it pleases libere 

licet, it is lawful, allowed licere 

liquet, it is clear liquere 

miseret, it excites pity miserere 

oportet, it is needful oportere 

piget, it grieves pTgere 

paenitet, it causes sorrow paenitere 

piidet, it shames pud ere 

taedet, it wearies taedere 



Perfect 
deciiit 
dedecmt 

libiiit or libitum est 
licuit or llcitum est 
lieuit 

( miseritum ) 
(misertum j 
oporluit 

piguit or pigitum est 
paenituit 

pudtiit or puditum est 
pertaesum est 



est 



421. The Impersonals decet, dedecet, libet, licSt can have a 
subject, but only a Neuter Pronoun or Adjective. 

libet, licet and liquet govern the Dative, as: mihi licet, it is lawful 
for we; mihi libet, it pleases me. All the other Verbs mentioned 
in 420 govern the Accusative, the persons being expressed as 
follows: 

Subjunctive. 
Present. 

paeniteat me, I may repent 
paeniteat te 
paeniteat eum 
paeniteat nos 
paeniteat vos 
paeniteat eos 

Imperfect. 

I should repent 
paeniteret me, &c. 



Indicative. 

paenitet me, / repent 
paenitet te 
paenitet eum 
paenitet nos 
paenitet vos 
paenitet eos 

I was repenting 
paenltebat me, &c. 



104 



Indicative. 

I shall repent 
paeniteblt me, &c. 

/ (have) repented 
paenltuit me, &c. 



I had repented 
paenltuerat me, &c. 

I shall have repented 
paeuituerit me, &c. 



Future. 



Subjunctive. 



(wanting) 
Perfect. 

I may have repented 
paenituerlt me, &c. 

Pluperfect. 

/ should have repented 
paenituisset me, &c. 

Future Perfect. 

(wanting) 



422. Verbs describing phenomena of nature are almost in- 
variably impersonal in virtue of their meaning: 

pluit, it rains fulgurat ) .^ Ugj^tens 

ningit, it snows A,i«^y^s+ r 

grandinat, it hails 
tonat, it thunders 



fulminat 

Iticescit, it becomes light 

vesperascit, evening comes on 



Verbs impersonally used; 



it happens 



423. 

accidit 

fit 

SvenTt 

contingit 

constat, it is evident^ agreed 

expedlt, it is useful 

convenit, it is Jit 

delectat, it delights 



interest, it concerns, it matters 

juvat, it delights 

patet, it is plain 

placet, it pleases 

praestat, it is better 

r^fert, it concerns, it matters 

restat, it remains 

vacat, th€re is leisure 

The Passive of intransitive Verbs is often used impersonally, thus: 
vivitiir, people live pugnatur, there is fighting 

sic vivitiir, such is life itur, some one goes 

Translate into English. 

Nonnumquam praestat foris^ educari quam in parentum 
dome. Non refert quam multos, sed quam bones libros habeas. 
Saepe nihil eorum^ contingit, quae^ homines sperant. Cum 
interdum procul fulminat, tonitru non audltur. Adulescentem 
verecundum' esse decet. Praestat aliquando quam numquami 
Vesperascit; nobiscuna mane! Oratorem dedecet kasci. Magna 



— 105 - 

crat luxurla* in aula' Sardanapali^; ludebatur, edeMtur, dor- 
miebatur; nihil agebatur, quod oportebat. Bene yivitur, si 
vivitur cum virtute. 

]from home ^those things, .which ^modest ^luxury ^court ^Sardanapalus 

Write in Latin. 

It rains and it snows, we shall not be able to take a walk. 
To the Roman women^ it was not allowed to drink wine. It is 
fit to fight for the laws, for freedom and for one's country. 
Evening is coming on, let us now return, boys. It thunders 
and lightens, we shall remain at home. It is better to receive 
than to do an injury. To no one it is allowed to break* the law 
of one's country. It becomes children to love their parents. 
It delights all men to hear the song of birds. 

Adverbs. 
4:2^. Adverbs are words qualifying Verbs and Ad- 
jectives, as also other Adverbs. In respect to form, 
they are Primitive, i. e. such as cannot be traced to 
simpler forms, or Derivative. 

4:25. The majority of Derivative Adverbs are formed from 
Adjectives in the following manner: Adjectives of the First and 
Second Declensions (ending in us, and er) form the Adverb by 
changing the Genitive- ending i into e. Examples are: 



Nominative. 


Genitive. 


Adverb. 


lentus, slow 


lent! 


lente, slowly^ leisurely 


rectus, riglit 


recti 


recte, rightly^ correctly 


liber, free 


llberT 


llbere, freely 


pulcher, jine 


piilchrT 


pulchre, finely 



bonus, goody makes bene, well; malus, had^ makes male, hadly. 

426. Adjectives of the Third Declension form their Adverbs 
in ter, changing the Genitive-ending is into iter; but those in ns 
and rs change the Genitive-ending is into er: 

Nominative. Genitive. Adverb. 

celer, fast celSris c^l^riter^ fast 

felix, happy fSlTcis feliciter, happily 

fortis, Wc^v^ fortl^ fprtit^r, bravely 



~ lOG 



Nominative, 
libens, willing 
patiens, patient 
dlligens, careful 
elegans, elegant 
sollers, skillful 



Genitive, 
libentis 
patientis 
dlligentis 
elegantis 
sollertis 



Adverb. 

libentgr, willingly 
patienter, patiently 
diligenter, carefully 
eleganter, elegantly 
soUerter, skillfully 



427. Some Adverbs from Adjectives of the First and Second 
Declensions have both forms, as: 



firmus, strong 
humaiius, human 
largus, large 
opulentus, rich 
violent lis, violent 
alius, other 



firme, firmitSr, strongly 
humane, humaniter, humanly 
large, iargiter, largely 
opulenter only, richly 
violent er ^' violently 
aliter '* otherwise 



428. A few Adverbs differ in meaning from their Adjectives, as: 
sanG, certainly from sanus, sound 



valde, very 



from validus, strong 



429. The Neuter Accusative of seme Adjectives of the 3d 
Declension is used as an Adverb, as: 
facile, easily impune, with impunity 

difficile, with difficulty r^cens, recently 



430. Certain Cases of Adject 
often used as Adverbs: 
raro, rarely 
tutO, safely 
cito, quickly^ soon 
consulto, purposely 
secrete, secretly 
s6r0, late 
vero, in truth 
v6re, truly 
hac, this way 

sponte, of one's own accord 
gratis, gratis 
ceterum, for the rest 
nimis, nlmtum, too much 
prlmum, first 
tanttim, only 

pp^tremo^ flmlly 



iveSj Nouns and Pronouns are 



continue, forthwith 
falso, falsely 
fortuito, by chance 
gratuTto, gratuitously 
manifesto, clearly 
merito, deservedly 
immerito, undeservedly 
necessario, necessarily 
perpetuo, 'perpetually 
subito, suddenly 
certo, in fact 
certe, asfiuredly 
crebro, frequently 
quo, whither 
forte, by chance 

WQUij by night 



— 107 — 

431. Some Phrases or Clauses have grown into Adverbs, as: 
antea, before quodammodd, in a certain man- 
intere«, meanwhile quotannis, every year [ner 
propterea, therefore videlicet = vidSre licet ) . 
hodle (= hoc die), to-day scilicet = scire licet 1 '^'^^* 
magnopgre, j)articularly nudlus tertlus = nunc dies ter- 
obvlam,. towards tliis, the day before yesterday 

432. Adverbs in im are formed from Supines, as: 

certatira, emulously sensim, little by Utile 

nomlnatim, expressly carptim, by pieces 

prlvatlm, in private cursim, speedily 

statim, steadily passim, here and there 

raptim, hastily 

433. Similar Adverbs (in atim, itiin) are formed from 
Nouns, as: 

gradatim, step by step vicissim, by turns 

tributlm, by tribes virltlm, man by man 

434. A number of Adverbs come from Nouns by changing the 
Genitive-ending 'into itfls : 

antiqultus, of old radicltus, by the roots 

divinltus, divinely fundltiis, from the foundation 

caelltus, from heaven penltus, thoroughly 

Translate into English. 

Non satis est vivere, debemus bene vivere. Senes rare vi- 
tam mutant. Boni pueri praecepta parentum et magistrorum 
diligenter observant\ Domus hominum divitum eleganter or- 
natae sunt. Modestia puerum valde ornat. Tuto navigamus^, 
si mare tranquillum^ est. Quod non recte fecisti*, aliter faecre 
debes. Elephanti gregatim semper ingrediuntur\ Socrates 
false accusatus et immerito morte multatus est*. Caelltus vera 
sapientia descendit^; divimtus nobis data est. 

>to observe Ho sail ^calm *io do right Ho march Ho punish ''to come down 

Write in Latin. 

To live well is to live happily. Fight^ bravely, fellow-citi- 
zens^ you are fighting for your country. We never neglect^ 
virtue with impunity. He who does not read attentively, reads 
to no purpose*. The Germans fought bravely with the Romans. 
The aQci^nt Roman? tiUeci tbeir fiel^is carefully. Death is 



-- 108 — 



rightly compared to sleep. What we wish we willingly and 
easily believe. Men admire the eclipses* of the sun, because 
they occur^ rarely. 

ipugno, -arS ^dvis, - aneglego, -SrS ^malg Seclipsis, - ^accido, 

435. In respect to Meaning, Adverbs may be divi- 
ded into several classes: 

Adverbs of Place and Motion, 
Adverbs of Time and Succession, 
Adverbs of Manner and duality. 

436. Adverbs of Place are those wliich answer to the question 
where? ubi? whither? quo? whence? unde? 

ubi, where? alicubi, somewhere obviam, toward 

ibi, there ublqu^, everywhere alibi, elsewhere 

hie, here qua? by what way? forls, outside 

illic, there nusquam, nowhere procul, far 



quo, whither? 
eO, thither 



hue, hither 
illue, thither 



retro, backward 
foras, out 



unde, whence? istinc, thence undique, from all 

inde, thence illinc, then sides 

hine, hence dSsuper, from above 

The following are also used as Prepositions: 
circa, around, about intra, inside pone, post, behind 

contra, opposite supra, above prope, near 

extra, outside infra, below coram, personally 

437. Adverbs of Time are those which answer to the question 
when? quando? how long? quamdili? how often? quotieiis? 



quando? when? 
alTquando, once 
interdum, sometimes 
interim, meanwhile 
interea, in the meantime 
illico, on the spot 
simul, at the same time 
jam, already 
tandem, at last 
demum, not until 
alias, at other times 
UU|ic, now 



hSrI, yesterday 

ntidius tertius, the day before 

yesterday 
postridie, the day after 
eras, to-morrow 
perendie, the day after to-mor- 
unquam, ever [row 

nunquam, never 
semper, always 
plerumque, commonly 
propedi^m, one of these days 
posthac, hereafter 



— 109 



h5diS, to-day 
commodum, just 
modo, just now 
niiper, lately 
pridem, long since 
quondam, once 
antea, before 
tunc, at that time 
turn, then 

prldie, the day before 
praeterea, besides 

ante, before^ also 
quamdm? how long? 
tamdiu, so long 
aliquamdiu, some time 
dudum, a short time ago 
quotiens? how often? 
totiens, so often 
aliquotiens, some times 
iteriim, a second time 
rursus, again 
denuO, anew 



postea, afterwards 
mox, soon 

mane, early in the morning 
interdiu, by day 
vesperi, in the evening 
noctu, by night 
deinde, afterwards 
subinde, presently 
deinceps, in turn 
abhine, hereafter 

used as a Preposition. 
usque, right on 

T - {for a short time 
paulisper y 

tantisper, so long 

saepS, often 

quotidie, every day 

quotannis, every year 

semel, once 

bis, twice^ and all the other 

Numeral Adverbs, 241. 



438. Adverbs of Manner are those which answer to the 
question how? quomodo? To this class belong all Adverbs 
derived from Adjectives, 425. Besides these regular Adverbs of 
Manner mark the following: 



quern admodum ) 
lit, utl, as 



SIC ) 

ita j 



so 



adeo, ,90, to that degree 
quam, how, how much 
tarn, so, so much 

^ J { otherwise 
secus ) 

satis, enough 

satius, rather 

valde ) ^, ^ 

adm(3drim ) 

quantop^rg, how greatly 



to wit 



ferg, ferme, almost 

saltem, at least 

paene, nearly 

fortasse, perhaps 

palam, publicly 

repente, suddenly 

nempe 

scilicet 

paulatim, by degrees 

penitiis, wholly 

plans, quite 

omnino, at all 

nae ) . . 

v.. ^ [at any rate 
utiqug ) 

san€, certainly 



— 110 — 



tantopSrg, so greatly 
nimis, nimlLim, too much 
praecipue, especially 
frustra, in vain 
temere, at random 
vix, hardly 
moclo, only 
ideo \ 

propterga > therefore 
ideircO ) 
item, just so, also 
porrO, moreover, then 



niralrum, to he sure 
nOn ) 
baud ) 

haudquaquam ) , 
nequaquani j ^ 
ne-quidem, not even 
neiitlquani, not at all 
immo, on the contrary 
cur 
quare 

prope, near 
clam, secretly 



no means 



why 



also prep. 



439» The following Adverbs are called Correlatives, because 
they answer to each other. 



Interrogative. 



Demonstrative. 

I. Of Place: 
ibi, tJiere 
hac, this way 
inde, thence 
Mnc, hence 
illinc, thence 
istinc, thence 
eo, thither 
hue, hither 
ill Lie, thither 
istuc, thither 

II. Of Time: 
tum, then 
tunc, at that time 
quotiens? how often? totiens, so often 

III. Of Manner: 



ubi? where? 
qua? which way? 
unde? whence? 



quo? whither? 



Eelative. 

iibi, where 
qua, which way 
unde, whence 



quo, whither 



quandO? when? 



cum, t(;7ie7i 



quomodo? 7io?i7.^ 
quam? how much? 



it a, sic, so, thus 
tarn, 50 much 



quotiens, as often as 



lit, utL as 
quam, as 



Translate into English. 

Non minus aequum^ est malis homimbus diffidere' quam 
fiderc^ bonis. Commodum discesseras* heri, cum amicus tuus 
ad me venit. Yenatores saepe per totam noctem sub divo^ ma- 
ncnt. Yere et autumno, itemque mane et vesperi nebulae® cre- 
briOres guut, ^uam f^lxo tempore^ et inprlmis uebulosus aei* 



Ill 



est in aquSsis' et palustribus^ regionibus". Hispania", nisi^' 
qua Galliam" tangii^*, mari undique cincta est. Quod cito fit, 
cito perit. Occasio semel amissa frustra iterum quaeretur. 

^fair ^to distrust Ho trust Ho leave Hn the open air ^mist "^misty ^xoist 
^swampy ^^region ^^Spain ^^except ^^Gaul '^Ho touch upon 

Write in Latin. 

Islands are on all sides surrounded by water. Alexander the 
Great finally indulged too much in^ drunkenness^ and passion^ 
In God we do not trust in vain, we shall not in vain implore* 
his help^ Old age is more to be feared than death. He is not 
truly rich who is not endowed® wiih virtue. The sun shines' by 
day, the moon by night. Whence do you come ? V^here is your 
country? In Italy; there is our home; thence we come; thither 
we shall afterwards return. What happened lately, will soon 
happen again. Why did you not stay at home ? 

^Translate: ^o, Dat. Sebneias, -atis sjiacundiS-, -ae ^impioro, -Sr© 
5(ops) opis; translate: the help of him ^praedittis, -3,, -iiiri; it governs the Abl. 
'lucSo, -erS 

Comparison of Adverbs. 

440. Adverbs derived from Adjectives are gener- 
ally compared like their primitives. Their Com- 
parative is like the neuter Comparative of the Ad- 
jective; the Superlative is formed from the Super- 
lative of the Adjective by changing us into e. 



Positive, 
clare, brightly 

facile, easily 

diligenter, carefully 

patienter, patiently 



Comparative, 
clarius, more brightly 

facTlTus, mo7'e easily 
dlligentlus, ino7^e care- 
fully 
patlentiLis, more pa- 
tiently 



441. The following are Irregular: 

bene, well melius, better 

male, badly pcjus, worse 

muUum, viuch plus, more 



Superlative, 
clarissime, most 

brightly 
facilllme, most easily 
diligentisslme, most 

carefully 
patientisslme, most 

patiently - 



optlmg, best 
pesslrae, worst 
pliirlnium, most 



— 112 >-- 

noil raultum, little minus, less minimg, least 

raagnopgre, greatly magis, more maximg, most 

dm^ for along time dmtnis^ longer diutissimg, very long 

saepe, often saepius, oftener saepissime, oftenest 

prope, Tiear propius, nearer proximo, nearest 

4:4:2. The following are Defective: 

detenus, worse deterrimg, worst 
Ociils, more quickly ocissime, most quickly 

potius, rather potissimum, most of all 

prlus, sooner primum, primo, first 

mSrito, deservedly meritissimO, most deservedly 

niiper, lately nuperrim^, very lately 

satis, enough satius^ hetter 

secus, otherwise sequiiis, less — — - 



Translate into English. 

AmplTus* ociilis quam auribus credimusl Deus mundum 
sapientissime regit. Saepissime filii patribus similes sunt, saepe 
etiam meliores, multo tamen saepius pejores. De^ aliorum vitiis 
et virtutibus rectms* quam de nostris judicamus. Serius aut 
citius sedem^ properamus® ad unam, tendimus' hue omnes, haec 
est domus ultima cunctis^ Homines de alienis vitiis libentTus 
loquuntur quam de suis. Non potest dies esse saepius qui semel 
fuit. Stellae interdiu radiis solis obscurantur. Hodie mihi, 
eras tibi I 

^further, i. e. more Ho trust ^of ^correctly ^dbode Ho hasten Uo bend one^s 

way ^all(together) 

Write in Latin. 

Camels endure thirst more patiently than horses. My 
brother was longer in Italy than in Spain. You do not write 
well, my son, you must write much better. Stags run faster 
than dogs. Hawks^ fly^ very swift and very high. Why do you 
run so fast, my children, why do you not walk more leisurely^ ? 
Good children obey most willingly their parents' wish*. Avari- 
cious men commonly live worse than poor men. A tear dries 
soon. Nothing dries sooner than a tear. Dogs run fast, hares 
run faster, stags run the fastest. 

ifalc5; -oni^ ^^o\^^ -^V^ ^leute ^Tolimtp;^, ~^t%m\ translate ; toljh^ir 
par^nt^^ v?ish 



— 113 



Prepositions. 

443. The Latin Prepositions are regularly used 
with some special Case of a Noun or Pronoun, either 
the Accusative or Ablative. 

444, The following are used with the Accusative: 
ad, to^ at, toward 



adversus, adversum, against, 

toward 
ante, before 
apud, at, with, near 
circa, circum, around 
circiter, about, near 
CIS, citra, on this side of 
contra, against, opposite to 
erga, toward, unto 
extra, without, beyond 
infra, under, beneath 
inter, between, among 
intra, within 
juxta, near, beside 



ob, for, on account of 

penes, in the p)Ower of 

per, through, by, during 

pone, behind 

post, after, behind 

praeter, past, beside, except 

prope, near 

propter, on account of, close by 

secundum, after, next to, accord- 
ing to, along 

supra, above 

trans, across, over, beyond 

ultra, beyond, on the further 
side of, past 

versus, toward 



Translate into English. 

Caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare migrants 
Omnia animalia secundum naturam vivunt. Penes Deum im- 
perium totlus mundi est. Supra nos multitudmem stellarum 
videmus. Non utilis est somnus post cenam. Propter metum 
multi homines legibus parent. Homines divites prope urbem 
magnificas villas^ habent. Homines proniores^ sunt ad volup- 
tatem quam ad virtutem. Plurima Romanorum sepulcra prop- 
ter viam AppTam* erant. Gravibus curls et continuo'^ labore 
homines ante tempus senescunt. 

Ho remove ^countiy house ^iwone *Applan way ^continuous 

Write in Latin. 

The birds are flying through the air. Let children be thank- 
fhl unto their parents and teachers. Physicians have remedies 
against diseases; against death they have no remedy. There 
is a great variety^ of languages among men. Among the blind^ 



— lU — 

the one-eyed' is king. The teacher praises these scholars on 
account of their diligence, he blames those on account of their 
laziness. The women commonly attend to* the houses and 
household things^ the men to the occupations^ without the 
house. In summer we shall live"^ out of town. 

WSrietas, -atis Scaeciis, -a, --iim. smonoculiis, -3., --una ^curo, 
-arS ^res domestica %egoti\im, -x "^Imhit^j -ai^S 

445. The following are used with the Ablative: 

a \ de, from, down from, of=ahout 

ab yfronij away from e, ex, from, out of 

abs ) prae, for, before, in comparU 

absque, without, but for son ivith 

clam, without the knowledge of pro, for, instead of 

coram, in presence of sine, without 

cum, ivith tends, as far as, up to 

Translate into English. 

Magna cum voluptate cantum avium audimus. Sine vir- 
tute nemo beatus est. Mors pro patria decora^ est. Mors 
aegrotantes^ ab omnibus mails liberat. Cicero pulcherrimum li- 
brum de amicitia scripsit. Ex nihtlo nihil fit. Irapiidens^ est, 
qui pro beneficio non gratiam*, sed mercedem postiilat. Cum 
amico de maxTmis minimisque rebus deliberamus. Alexander 
Magnus omnia Oceano^ tenus vicit. Nos scribimus a sinistra® 
manu ad dextram, Hebraei' a dextra ad sinistram. 

^glorious ^diseased Hmpudent "^thanks ^ocean Heft "^Hebrew 

Write in Latin, 

No man^s life is without pain. The Atlantic^ ocean sepa- 
rates^ America from Europe. The citizens fight for their coun- 
try, for freedom and the laws. Of^ all animals which live with 
us, dogs are the most faithful. A dog is small in comparison 
with an elephant, and large in comparison with a mouse. The 
Britons sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning* peace. Who 
has ever lived without danger, without sorrow, without joys? 
Tacitus^ wrote a little book® on the situation', customs and 
peoples of Germany. 

lAtlantictis, -a, --ULUX sdjvido, -erS H% ^dg sTacittts, -i eilbelltis, -i 
'Situs, -Us 



— 115 — 

446. Prepositions with the Accusative and Ablative, 

but strictly with a difference of meaning: 

In, intOj in; sub, under; subter, beneath; super, above. 
in and sub, when followed by the Accusative, indicate motion 
tOy when by the Ablative rest in, a place. 

Translate into English. 

Soils defectiones itemque^ lunae praedicuntur in^ multos 
annos. AnimalTa rapacTa^ plerumque in desertis*comlTlorantur^ 
Mercatores in varias terras itinera faciunt. Quando sol occi- 
dit, aves se subter arborum folia occultant^ AquTlae in arbo- 
ribus altls aut rupibus' nidulantur. Non omnos res videmus, 
quae sub oculos nostros venTunt. In Callforma^ hiems mitior 
est quam a pud nos. Quaedam animalia sub terra, pisces in 
aqua habitant. Cantantes et Deum laudanles alaudae in aera 
evolant^ 

^and likewise yor ^heast of prey ^deserts Ho abide Ho hide '^rock ^Cali- 
fornia Ho fly up 

Write in Latin. 

Beneath the earth there are many useful' things. War is 
often concealed^ under the name of peace. The nightingale 
does not always remain in the same land. Toward^ winter many 
birds migrate^ into other lands. Birds fly under the clouds, tish 
swim in the water, and worms creep upon the earth. Many 
birds hide* their heads under^ their wings when they sleep. An 
upright^' life is the w^ay into heaven. Nobody should' be a wit- 
ness in his own cause. 

ilStSo, -ei^S, to he concealed ^sub, w. Ace. ^migro, -arS ^condo, -6r© 
CsubtSr w. Ace. ^pr5biis, -S;, -xim, 'debSo, -erS 

Conjunctions. 

447. Conjunctions connect words and sentences. 
According to their use, they are divided into Co- 
ordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions. 

Co-ordinating Conjunctions. 

448. Co-ordinating Conjunctions are those that 
join together sentences of equal order or rank. 



4 



~ 116 — 

449. Copulatire. 

^^ . ) ^^'^'^"^ A also i 

atquS f^^^ nee ) , , \ 

ac J ngque) ? 

6t . . et, 6o^7i . . and neque . neque ) ^^^^^^^^ ^^y. 

cum . . turn, both . . and especially nee . . n6e ) 

modo . . modo ) neque.. -que, on the one hand 

* now . . now n ^ ? 



nunc., nunc ) ** not. .and on the other 

turn.. turn, then.. then €t.. neque, on the one hand., 

tarn, .quaoi, both, .and and on the other hand not 

nOn solum . . sed StTara ) 

nOn modo . . s6d etiam [• not only . . but also 

non tantum . . sed etIam ) 

Translate into English, 

Floras non tantum pulchritudine, sed etiam odore suSvi 
homines delectant. In Africa nee apri^, nee cervi, nee capreae' 
nee ursi sunt. Sapientem neque paupertas, neque mors, neque 
vineula^ terrent*. Mors tam juveni ante oculos esse debet quam 
seni. Etiam innocentes mentiri cogit dolor. Accedite' ad apes 
et formlcas, ignavi®, et discite sedulitatem'. NimTus somnus 
neque eorpori neque ammo prodest. Tyrannis^ etiam amici 
suspect? sunt. Horae cedunt^** et dies et menses et r.nni, nee 
praeteritum tempns unquam revertitur". 

^wild hoar ^goat ^honds Ho frighten ^to go to ^sluggard Hndustry ^by 
tyrants ^suspected Ho glide away ^^to return 

Write in Latin. 

SeveraP animals live both in water and on land. The tiger' 
fears neither the lion nor the elephant. The rich as well as the 
poor must die. Not only fortune helps the brave, as it is in an 
old proverb^ but much more reason. What birds can both fly 
and swim ? Many flowers delight us both by their beauty and 
by (their) odor. The sun rises over'* the bad as well as the good. 
Virtue is to be praised even in an enemy. Neither the sun 
shhies always nor does it always rain. 

'uonDuUi, -ae, -^ ^tigris, - ^proverbtiliu, -i <super w. Ace, 



— 117 — 




Disjunctive. 

aut . . aut 
veL.vel 



either., or 



4:51. 

autem \ 
sed i 
verum \ hut 
v^ro 1 
at / • 
attam^n, hut yet 

452. 

nam, namquS, /or 

453. 

itaque "j 

ig'itur y therefore 

ergo ) 

go ) 

ideo >- on that account 

idcirco ; 



sive . . sivS, whether, . or 



Adversatiye. 

atqui, but for all that 
tamen, nevertheless 
ceterum, for the rest 
at vSrO, hut in truth 
verum enim verO, hut in truth 
v^rumtamen, hut yet 



Causal. 



enim, et^nim, /or 



Illative. 



proinde, accordingly 

propterea, therefore 

quare 

quam 6b rem 

quaproptgr 

quOcirca 



wherefore 



Translate into English. 

Avarus non possTdetMivitias, sed divitiae possident eum. 
Metalla sunt vol nobilia^, vel ignobilTa*. Nobilia metalla sunt 
argentum atque aurum. ignobilia aes seu cuprum*, plumbum'^, 
argentum vivum®. Corpus moritur, verum animus nunquam 
interlbit. Amicus in convivio"^ non cognoscitur; errat igitur, 
qui amicum in convivio probat®. Omnia a natura sive potius* 
a Deo bene instituta sunt. Omnes resintereunt, non in nihilum, 
sed in suas partes. Cicero patiiam servavit; itaque pater pa- 
triae nominatus est. 

Ho possess precious ^base ^copper ^lead ^quicksilver yeast Ho judge 
father 

Write in Latin. 

The motion^ of animals is different, either they walk and 
run, or they fly, or they swim. Every thing perishes, yet virtue 



— 118 ~ 

Will remain. The moon either increases' or decreases'. Many 
men neglect virtue itself, but seek* the appearance^ of virtue. 
Most flowers delight either by their smell or (their) color. The 
immortality of the soul is very reasonable®, or rather very cer- 
tain. All cannot be rich, but all can be good. If you want to 
be liked', be grateful; for all hate an ungrateful person^ 

Jmofus, -fis Scesco, -ere s^ecresco, -^re <quaero, -^rS ^p5- 
cies, -ei ^verl simiiis, -e 'giatiosiis, -a, -U-ihl siHgratiis, -i 

Subordinating Conjunctions. 

454. Subcrdinating Conjunctions are those which 
join a subordinate sentence to that on which it de- 
pends. 

455. Temporal. 

postquam, after thaty after cum, when 

!l'-«-^ , f^. IwUle, until 

ubi, ivJien donecj ' 

simulac ) ^ quoad, up to 

slmuiatque) ^^ ^^^'^ ^^ quamdiu, as long as 

lit primum ) the first moment antequam K .^^^ ^j ^.^^^ 

cum primum) that priusquamj 

456. Causal. 

quia ) , quoniam "^ 

/ because i 

quod ) quandO I since^ in as 

cum, as, since quandoquidem f much as 

siquidem J 

Translate into E^tglish. 

Pueri tacento, cum prudcntiores loquuntur^ Spartan! 
potentes fuerunt, quoad Lycurgi^ leges vigebant^ Ager cum 
plures annos quievit, uberiores^ fructus* efferre^ solet®. Cum 
Caesar in GallTam venit, omnes gentcs' bellum parabanll 
Simulatque fulminavit, etiam tonare solet. Postquam Persae 
victi sunt, Graeci inter se ipsos bella gesserunt. Cicero ut 
spem libertatts amissam vidit, ItalTara relinquere constltdit^ 
Multos cometas non videmus, quod obscurantur radiis soils. 

^Lycargus Ho he in force ^rich *crop Ho produce H& worU=usually '^iribe 
Ho pt^eparefor Hodetennine 



I- 



— 119 



Write in Latin, 

When we sec sick people^, we rejoice^ at our own good 
health. While the cat* is sleeping, the mice leap*. Many die 
before they see the danger of death. While we are welP, we 
easilj' give good advice® to the sick. The Latin poets call the 
sea ^^aequor'', because it is leveP. He has never been your 
friend who deserts^ you, because true friendship never ceases^ 
These trees will not bear fruit^° because they have not blos- 
somed. 

'aegroti, ^or-um. sjaetor, -ari, w. Abl. ^felxs, - '<salTo, -irS ^vS- 
ISo, -erS ^eonsl iiixri, -i 'aequiis, -S., -lim. sjgsero, -er6 ^dealno, 



4.57. 



Conditional. 



SI, if 

nisi, unless 
si Don, if not 
dummodo 

dum Y if onlyj provided 

moda 



si modo, if only 

sin, if not ^ hut if 

quodsl, but if 

dummodo ne \ 

dum nS y provided only not 

modo nS ) 



458. 

etsi 

tametsi 
Stiamsi 
quamquam 



aliJiough 



Concessire. 

Iic6t 
quamvis 
cum 
ut 



I 



thoughj suppose^ 
whereas 



Translate into English. 

Omnis ignis exstinguitur^ nisi alTturl Superficies' aquae 
aequa est et plana^, nisi vento turbatur^ Felices essetis, si 
bona conscientia uteremmi^, nunc miseri estis. Si bonam fa- 
mam' mihi servavero, satis dives ero.' Nisi utile est, quod facT- 
mus, stultus est labor, stultaque gloria. Socrates etsi omnium 
innocentissimus erat, tamen accusatus et damnatus est. Sencc- 
tus honesta est, si se ipsa defendit,si jus suum retinet^,si usque 
ad ullTmum spiritum^ dominatur^® in" suos^l 

Ho die out ^tofeed '^smface ^plane Ho distnrh ^to have a clear conscience 
''good name ^io maintain ^breath ^Hot^e ^^aijer ^^one' 8 family 



^_ 120 — 

Write in Latin, 

You will be sad if you are alone. If the masters of the 
houses are not at home, danger more easily threatens^ the 
houses. Although fortune is blind, still she commonly favors^ 
virtue. Physicians if they could cure^ all diseases, would be 
very happy. To many men old age would not be troublesome* 
if in (their) youth they had been mindful of old age. If you 
live according^ to nature, you will never be poor. If we do not® 
govern' ourselves, we shall be governed by others. 

limminSo, -erS, w. Dat. ^f^veo, -ere, w. Dat. ^medSor, -eri, w. 
Dat. ^xiisiestiis, -a, -iiiiiL ^ad, w. Ace. ^Translate : sliall not 'rego, -SrS 

4:59. Final. 

ut, ihat^ in order that quo (= ut eo), in order that 

ne, that not, lest quOminus, that not 

ngve (neu), and (that) not 

460. Consecutive. 

ut, so that ut non ) ^^ ., ^. ^ . 

' ^ y so that not 

qum ) 

Comparatire. 

tanqaara 

as if 




quasi 
as, like as ^^^ g- 

ac si 
lit . . ita ) proinde ac si 

quemadmodum ""~ r as.. 



..Ita}"^-- 



4 62. Interrogative. 

-ne 1 nonne, whether not 

utriim y^^ether necner^^^^ 

an J 

Translate into English. 

Tanta est stellarum multitudo, ut numerari non possint. 
Oboedlmus aliis,ut alii quoque nobis oboediant. Socratis uxor^ 
Xanthippe' morosa* admodum* et jurgiosa' fuit, ita ut per diem 
et noctem marlto® molesta esset. Sic vive cum hominibus, tam- 
quam Deus videat, sic loquere cum Deo, tamquam homines 



-^ 121 — 

audiant. Rectene Athenienses fecerunt, quod Aristldem e 
civitate expulerunt*^ ? Ubi aut qualis est tua mens? potesne 
dicere ? 

^mfe ^Xanthippe Across ^ery ^quarrelsome ^husband "^to drive away 

Write in Latin, 

Parents send their children to^ school in order to learn* 
something. The organ of hearing^ has a crooked* passage'^ 
that nothing^ may be able to enter^ Do we not (nonne) owe 
the greatest thanks® to our parents ? Why were you not in 
school yesterday? Were you sick? No, but because I was with 
my father abroad®. Is (utrum) the sun or (an) the moon the 
greater ? Is not (nonne) iron far more useful than gold ? All 
wicked men are slaves; or^^ is he free who is a slave" to 
(his) lust ? 

tn w. Ace. sTranslate: iUoi they may learn 3aud!t\is, -lis, the organ of 
hearing ^flexuostis, -a, -lim ^tter, itinMs 6ne quid, that nothing 'intro, 
^arS Sgratiae, -ariiinL ^peregre ^o^n "servio, -irS, to he a slave 

Interjections. 

463. An Interjection is not in the proper sense a 
part of speech, since it is not in grammatical con- 
struction with a sentence, but is thrown in as a direct 
intimation of feehng or of will. 

464. The Interjections most commonly used are: 
Of painful feeling or suffering: 

hei, heu, ali^ alas! o, oh! vae, alas^ woe! 
Of surprise or astonishment: 

ecce, en, behold! hSm, oho! 5, ohf 
Of calling attention: 

heus, ho! 6, lo! oh6, holloa! pro, hollot 



122 — 



WORD-FORMATION. 

465. There are two modes of forming words, viz.: 

Derivation, or the formation of words by deriva- 
tive endings (suffixes), and Composition, or the com- 
bination of two words expressing distinct ideas so 
as to form one word expressing one idea. 

466. With reference to derivation, words are 
distinguished as primitive or stem-words, and deriva- 
tive; with reference to composition, as simple and 
compound. The derived and compounded words 
greatly outnumber the so-called stem-words. 

Derivation. 

467. All words which may be grouped into one 
family so as to associate their meaning are said to 
have a common ground-form or Root. Thus: 

actio, -ere, to ivhet aciis, -us, a needle 

actitus, -a, -um, sharp acer, -ris, -re, sharp 

acumen, -inis, acuteness acerbus, -a, -uni, sharp 

acies, -ei, an edge acidus, -a, -um, sour 

may all be retraced to the EGOT AC. 

The Root is the simplest (most primitive) form to which the 
general meaning of a word can be traced back; it is no part of 
ordinary speech and only discoverable by Etymology. All Roots of 
the Latin language are monosyllabic. 

Stems are formed from roots and are divided into Vowel-stems 
and Consonant-stems according as they end either in vowels or con- 
sonants (see 79. 339). 



_ 123 — 

468. The Stem must be distinguished from the Root. The 
Btem is that part of the word which remains after taking away the 
Inflections^ as: acii-6r6, to whet j stemacu.. Again, the root is that 
part of the word which remains after taking away the Suffix; thus 
the verb-stem acu belongs to the root AC. 

4:69. As a rule, Derivatives are formed by means of Suffixes, 
or significant endings which are added to the stem-word to define 
or modify its meaning. 

Derivation of Verbs. 

470. Primitive Verbs. Most verbs of the Third Conjugation, 
the Irregular Verbs and a few vowel-stems, namely: dar6, star6, 
flere, narg, n6rS, reri, are to be regarded as Primitives. 

Verbs derived from Verbs. 

471. Frequentatives end in are or itare, and denote a for- 
cible or repeated action; they are derived either from Supines in 
sum or turn, as: 

dico, / say dictum dictare, to dictate 

habeo, I have habitum habitare, to have frequently 

curro, / run curslim cursare, to run about 

or from the Present of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Conjugations, as: 
clamo, / cry clamare clamitare, to cry out aloud 

lateo, / am hid latere latitare, to lie hid 

ago, / do agere agitare, to drive 

472. Inceptives (Inchoatives) denote the beginning of an 
action. They are formed from vowel-stems (1st, 2d, and 4th Conju- 
gations) by adding sc, and from consonant-stems (3d Conjugation) by 
adding isc. The great majority of Inchoatives in asco and esco 
come from Substantives and Adjectives, as: 

puerasco, -ere, from puer, to attain the age of boyhood 
silvescS, -SrS, from silva, to grow wild 
mltesco, -ere, from mitis, to become mild 

473. Desideratives denote desire or tendency. They are 
formed by changing urus of the Future Participle into urio, and 
are of the 4th Conjugation. Only a few are in common use: 

esurio, -irS, to be hungry^ from €dO, esuriis 
m5riturio, -ir€, to wish to die, from m6ri5r, m5riturus. 



_ 124 ^ 

474. Diminutives denoting a feeble or petty action end in 
lllare, and are of the First Conjugation, as: 

cantillare, to chirp scrlbillarS, to scribble. 



Verbs derived from Substantives and Adjectives. 

475. Yerbs from Substantives and Adjectives are commonly 
called Denominatives. They belong to the First, Second, and 
Fourth Conjugations. Yerbs from Substantives signify either to 
supply with that which the Substantive denotes^ or to use or apply 
it. Yerbs from Adjectives usually signify, either as intransitiveSp 
to be in or to pass into the condition denoted by the Adjective^ov 
else, as transitives, to reduce something to that state; for examples 
see below. 

476. Active Verbs of the First Conjugation (transitive) : 



signum - signare, to mark 
curvus - curvare, to bend 
macula - maculare, to spot 
nomen - nominare, to name 
vox - vocare, to call 



vulnus - vulnerarS, to wound 
nudils - nCidare, to strip 
saniis - sanare, to heal 
aptils - aptare, to Jit 
liber - liberare, to free 



477. Active Verbs of the Second Conjugation (intransitive) : 
flos - florerg, to bloom albus - albere, to be white 



frons - frondere, to be in leaf 
lux - lucere, to shine 



calvus - calvere, to be bald 
fiavus - flaverg, to be yellow 



478. Active Verbs of the 
or transitive): 

finis - finire, to finish 
poena - punire, to punish 
vestis - vestire, to clothe 
sitis - sitire, to be thirsty 
tussTs - tussirS, to cough 
servus - servire, to serve 



Fourth Conjugation (either intransitive 

mollis - mollTrS, to soften 
stabilis - stabilire, to establish 
l6nis - lenire, to assuage 
saeviis - saevirS, to rage 
superbus-superbire, to be proud 
ferox - fer5cir€, to be furious 



479. 



Deponent Verbs of the First Conjugation, signifying con- 
ditionj employment: 

auceps-auciipari,to catch birds 
convTva - convivarT, to banquet 
c6m6s- c5mitari, to accompany 
aqua - aquari, to fetch water 



dommus - dominari, to be master 
famulus - famularT, to serve 
aemillus - aemulari, to emulate 
far - f urari, to steal 



— 125 — 

Derivation of Substantives. 

Substantives derived from Substantives. 

480. Diminutives generally end in: 

iilus, tilS,, fllum; ctilus, cula, culum, 

and regularly take the gender-ending of their Primitives: 

nidus, a nest nidulus, a little nest 

nvus, a brook rivulus, a streamlet 

mensa, a table mensiila, a Utile table 

saxiim, a rock Baxdlum, a little rock 

frat^r, a brother fraterculus, a little brother 

passer, a sparrow passereulus, a little sparrow 

arbor, a tree arbuscula, a small tree 

mtlnus, a gift munusculum, a little gift 

481. After a vowel, oliis, oia, oliiin are used. Some nouns 
form Diminutives in ellus, ell3;, ellum; rarely illus, ilia, ilium. 

films, a son filiolus, a little son 

gladius, a sword gladiolus, a small sword 

filia, a daughter flliola, a Utile daughter 

atrium, a hall atriolum, a small hall 

liber, a book libellus, a Utile book 

tabula, a table tabella, a tablet 

lapis, a stone lapillus, a Utile stone 

signum, a mark sTgillum, a seal 

482. The SuflSx arlum designates the place where any thing 
is kept, as: 

columbarium, dove-cot from columba 
herbarium, herbarium *' herba 

granariiim, a granary '^ granum 

pomarium, an orchard, '* pomum 

eemmarium, a seed-plot ^^ semen 

483. The Suffix etum used with names of trees and plants, 
designates the place where they grow in abundance: 

fruticetiim, a copse from friitex 
myrtetum, a myrtle grove *' myrtus 

quercgtum, a forest of oaks " querciia 

vln6tum, a vineyard ♦* vinum 



— 126 — 

484. The SuflSx ile annexed to names of animals designates 
their stall or fold: 

bovile, stall for cattle from bos 

equile, a stable for horses ^' equus 

ovile, a sheepfold ^' ovis 

caprlle, a stall for goats ^' caper 

485. The SuflBx ina indicates especially the state, condition^ 
or occupation of a person; sometimes also the place where an 
occupation is carried on: 

mediclna, the medical art from medicus 

sutrina, a shoemaker's shop *^ sutor 

tonstrlna, a barber's shop ^' tonsor 

486. The Suffix ium added to names of persons forms Ab- 
stracts signifying character, rank, &c., and Collectives, as; 

servitium, servitude from serviis 
sacerdotmm, priesthood *' sacerdos 

ministeruim, ministry ** minister 

exsilium, banishment " exsul 

487. PatronyTiiics, denoting parentage, generally end in: 
ides, ides, IMes, ^des (Masculine); is, eis, ias (Feminine): 

Priamides, son of Priam 
Atrides, son of Aireus 
Thestiades, son of Thestius 
Aeneades, son of Aeneas 
Tantalis, daughter of Tantalus 
NSreis, daughter of Nereus 
Thestias, daughter of Thestius 

Substantives derived from Adjectives. 

488. From Adjectives are formed various Abstract Notiiis 
with the Suffixes: 

iS., (i)tia, ities, (i)tas, (i)tud5, monia. 

gratia, favor from gratus 



'on 


I Priamus 




Atreus 




Thestiiis 




Aeneas 




Tantalus 




N6reus 




Thestius 



malitia, badness 


a 


mains 


eegnitia, segnitigs, sloth 


n 


segnis 


c61eritas, swiftness 


<( 


celer 


libertas, liberty 


i< 


liber 


solitudo, solitude 


n 


solus 


acrimOnia, sharpness 


it 


ac^r 



127 — 



Substantives derived from Verbs. 

489, Derivatives in or, tim and eia from verb-stems signify, 
in general, the act or state expressed by the verb: 

amor, love from amarS 



tim5r, jear 
furor, rage 




timers 




furerS 


gaudium, joy 




gaudere 


6dium, hatred 




(5disse 


querela, a complaint 




qu6ri 


cautela, a caution 




caverft 


tiitela, protection 




tdtarl 



490. Derivatives in tor and sor from Supines denote the 
personal agent: 

monitor, a monitor from moneo, -Ittoi 

lector, a reader ** ISgo, lecttlm 



auditor, a hearer 
messor, a reaper 
cursor, a runner 



audio, -itQin 
meto, messum 
curro, curstim 



491, A few Derivatives in t5r are formed in imitation of 
these, from Substantives, as: 

viator, a traveler ^ from via; janit6r, a doorkeeper^ fromjanua. 

492. The corresponding feminine ending is trix^ but is less 
common than the mascuhne: 

adjutor, adjutrix, an assistant from adjuvarS 
fautor, fautrix, a promoter ** favSrS 

praeceptor, praeceptrix, a teacher ^' praeciperS 
victor, victrix, a conqueror ^' vincSrS 



493. The Suffixes ti5, ttls and stls (gen. lis), tura and sura 
form abstract nouns from Supines and denote the act itself: 

actio, an action from ago - actum 



inventio, an invention 
motus, a motion 
cursus, a running 
consensus, consensiS, agreement 
armatQra, equipment 
conjectQra, a conjecture 
pictura, a painting 
censura, a judging 



ii 



invSnio - inventfim 
movgo - mottliu 
curro - cursiiin 
consentio - consensflm 
armo - armattim 
conjicio - conjectiini 
pingo - pictum 
cens€o - censUiii 



— 128 — 



Of these only a few become Concrete nouns: 
accfisatio, a hill of indictment from acctlso - accnsattim 
commentatio, a treatise 
oratio, a speech 
possessiones, an estate 
vfinatio, game 



a 



commentdr, - atuin 
5ro - orattim 

possid€o - possessum 
venor - v^natQni 



494^ Derivatives in mSn, mentGm, Qliiin, bulum, culum 

denote an instrument for performing the act expressed by the verb 
or a place for its performance: 



Igvamen, alleviation from levari 


agmSn, a train 


'' agere 


flamen, a river 


" fluere 


volumen, a roll 


'^ volverS 


allmentum, nourishment 


'^ algrS 


jaculiim, a javelin 


'* jaculari 


pabillum, fodder 


^* pascere 


vgnabulum, a hunting spear 


'* v6narl 


fitabulum, a stable * 


* stare 


cubiculiim, a bedroom ^ 


^ cubare 


495. Derivatives in crtina and 


trQm denot 


locality: 




fulcrum, a prop fr 


am fulclre 


sSpulcriim, a grave * 


^ sepelirS 


aratriim, a plow ^ 


* arare 


claustrum, a bar * 


' clauderS 


rostrum, a beaJc ^ 


' rodgre 


lavacrum, a bath ^ 


' lavare 



Derivation of Adjectives. 

Adjectives derived from Verbs. 

496. The Suffixes bundtis and cundus have the general 
meaning of the Present Participle; in many the meaning is some- 
what strengthened. 

mirabundus, wondering from mirarl 



vgrecundiis, bashful 


11 


v6r6ri 


vgnerabundus, revering 


(1 


venerari 


furlbundiis, raging 


i( 


furore 


jtlcundiis, pleasing 


it 


juvarS 


vagabundus, vagrant 


a 


vagan 



— 129 — 

4:970 The Suffix Mils denotes the quality or state expressed 
by the verb: 

turbldiis, troubled from turbare validus, strong from val6r5 
calidus, warm ** cal6re rapidus, rapid ** rapgrS 

498. The Suffixes ilis and bflis denote capability, generally 
in a passive sense: 

doeilis, docile from doc6re amabilis, amiable from amarS 
facilis, easy to do *' facer e mobilis, moveable ** mover§ 

499. The Suffixes ax and ulfis denote inclination, generally 
a faulty one: 

audax, daring from aud^rg cr6duliis, credulous from crSd^re 
fallax, fallacious ^' failure garrulus, chattering '^ garrIrS 

Adjectives derived firom Substantives. 

From Common Nouns. 

500. The Suffix eiis expresses the material of which any thing 
is made: 

aureus, golden from auriim ferrous, iron from ferriim 

argenteus, silver '' argent um ligneus, wooden '^ liguiim 

501. The Suffixes: Ms, ictis, Iciiis, Ms, alls, Sris, ntis, 
Iviis, ensis, ariiis denote belonging to: 

oratorlus, of an orator from orator 

belliciis, warlike *' bellum 

laterlcius, of brick " later 

virllis, manly *' vir 

navalis, naval ** navTs 

militaris, military *' miles 

paternus, paternal '' pater 

aestiviis, belonging to summer ^' aestas 

forensis, belonging to the forum " forum 

gregarius, belonging to a flock " grex 

502. The Suffixes osus and entiis ^^VLOiQ fulness: 
pgnculosus, full of danger from pgriculiim 
fructuosus, abounding in fruit ** fructiis 
turbulentus, full of trouble ** turba 
somnulentiis, sleepy " somnus . 

503. The Suffixes attis, itSs, litus denote provided with: 
ttlatus, winged from ala barbatiis, bearded from barbi 

i^^\\ix^9^cigfdinsH\n§i " p^lli^ cornWu9, ftorn^c? *♦ QQrnft 



' „ 130 _ 

S04:. The Suffixes anQs and inus denote belonging to or 
coming from: 
urbanus, belonging to the city from urbs 

montanus, belonging to the mountain *' mons 
asinlnus, produced by the ass '' asinus 

equinus, belonging to horses *^ equus 

From Proper Names: 

505. Adjectives with the Suffixes lanus, and more rarely 
anQs and iniis are formed from names of persons: 

Caesarianus, belonging to Caesar from Caesar 
Snllani, Sulla's veterans ** Sulla 

Verrlnus, belonging to Verres *^ Verres 

506. The Suffixes eiis and iciis are used with GreeTc names: 
Pythagorgus, Pythagorean from Pythagoras 
Soeraticus, Socratic ** Socrates 

507. Patrial or Gentile Adjectives (derived from the names 
of places or peoples) generally end in anus, iniis, ensis, as 
(Gen. atis), and are also used substantively: 

Eomanus, a Roman from Eoma 

Amerinus, of Ameria " Ameria 

Cannensis, of Cannae ** Cannae 

Arplnas (-atis), of Arpinum ^^ Arpinum 

508. Greek names of places form Patrials in iiis and aeiis; as: 

Corinthius, of Corinth^ from Corinthus; Smyrnaeiis, of Smyrna^ 
from Smyrna. 

509. From many names of peoples^ Adjectives are formed in 
icfis and sometimes ius: 

Gallicus, Gallic from Gallus Thracius, Thracian from Thrax 
Perslcus, Persian ^^ Persa Syrius, Syrian <' Syria 

Adjectives derived from Adjectives. 

510. From Adjectives are formed Diminutives in iiliis, oliis, 
ellus and cuius in the same manner as from nouns, cuius is 
sometimes added to Comparatives: 

parvulus, very small 
aure51us, gilded 
pulchellus, beautiful little 
pauperculiis, poorly 
majusculus, somewhat larger 



*on 


I parvus 
aureus 


(( 


pulcher 




pauper 
major 



— 131 — 

Adjectives derived from Adverbs. 
511. A few Adjectives are formed from Adverbs: 
crastinus, of to-morrow from eras 

diutiniis, lasting ^* did 

pristinus, former '* prius 

matutinus, belonging to (he morning ** manS 
rgpentmus, sudden ** repents 

hesternus, of yesterday " heri 

hodiernus, of to-day *' hodiS 

diarnus, daily " diti 

noctumus, belonging to night ** noctQ 

Composition. 

512. Every Compound may be regarded as con- 
sisting of two parts. The second part of the com- 
position expresses the principal idea (Principal term) 
and the first a Modification thereof. The principal 
term may be a Verb, an Adjective, or a Substantive, 

Compound Verbs. 

513. The second part of a compound verb is always a Verb; 
also the first part may be a Verb^ but this only takes place when 
the second part is facio or fio: 

assugfacere, to accustom from assuescerS k fac6rS 
calefacere, to warm ** cal6re ** " 

commonefacere, to remind " commonere" '* 

patefacere, to open *^ pat^re " " 

514. The first part of a compound verb may be a Noun, as: 
aniraadvertgrg, to notice from animus & vert^rg 
manumittSr^, to set free ^* maniis ** mittSrS 
tisucapere, to acquire by use ** usiis ** cap6r6 

515. The first part of a compound verb may be an Adverb: 
bengfac^rg, to do good from bSnS & fac6r5 
maledicerS, to curse '< mal5 ** dicgrS 
bgnedicerg, to bless <* b6n6 ** <' 
satisfacerg, to satisfy " satis " fJlcSrS 
sataggrg, to have one's hands fuU " satis ** agSrS 



— 132 



S16. The majority of Compound Verbs are made with separ- 
able or inseparable Prepositions having the value of an adverb, as: 

avolare, to fly away 
adjicgrg, to throw to 
antepongrg, to set before 
circumdarg, to surround 
colligere, to bring together 
decederg, to go down 
expOngrS, to set out 
Inirg, to go into 
interessg, to be between 
obstare, to stand opposed 
perl6ger5, to read through 
postpongrg, to put below 
praevidere, to foresee 
praeterlrS, to pass by 
propon^r^, to place before 
stlbirg, to come under 
subtSrfugerg, to flee secretly 
ambire, to go around 
disced^re, to depart 
reficSre, to make again 
secernSrS, to separate 



a, ab 


away 


ad 


io^ towards 


antg 


before 


circum 


around 


com, con 


together 


de 


down 


e, ex 


out 


in 


in, into 


inter 


between 


6h 


towardy against 


p6r 


through 


post 


after^ inferior 


prae 


before 


praetgr 


past, beyond 


pr5 


before 


Bub 


under 


BubtSr 


underneath, secretly 


amb 


around 


^8 


asunder, apart 


re 


back, again 


68 


apart 



617. In composition with Prepositions, the vowels 3> and 6 of 
the simple verb are changed into 1, and the diphthong ae into i; au 
generally becomes 5 or uj before two consonants S becomes e, but 
e is retained: 



facere, to make 
€mere, to buy 
quaerere, to seek 
plaudere, to clap 
claude^e, to shut 
facfirS, to make 
pelierS, to drive 



confitcSre, to accomplish 
rgdimSre, to redeem 
conquirerg, to search out 
exploders, to hiss off 
concludgre, to close up 
confectus, accomplished 
compellerS, to force 



For Irregularities compare the Index of Verbs (pag. 136) with 
reference from each to the paragraph where its conjugation is described. 

S18. Prepositions in Composition often undergo a change of 
their final consonant which is called Assimilation. The Rales of 
this assimilatioQ may be seen in the following; 



— 133 — 

a before m and v, and in afiil: amittere, avellSre, afiii, afueram; 
ab before vowels and j, h, b, d, 1, n, r, s: 

abire, abundare, abbreviare, abnuerg, abhorrgrS, abjtirare; 
as before p: asportar^, aspernarl; 
au before f: aufugere, auferre; 
abs before c, t: abscedere, abstiner5, abstrahere. 

520. ad. 

ad before vowels, j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v: 

adamarg, adferre, adquirerS, advolare, adjuvare, adnuntiare; 
ac before c (not so good before q): accire, adquirere (acqulrere); 
ag & ad before g: aggerere & adger^re, aggredl & adgredl; 
a & ad before gn, sp, sc, st: 

agnoscere, adgnoscere; aspicere, aJspicere; asplrare; 
ad & al before 1: adlevare, allevare; adloqui, alloqui; 
ap before p: apparSre, appellare, apponere, applicare; 
ad & ar before r: adripere & arripere; adrldere & arridere; 
ad & as before s: adsignare & assignare; adserere & asserere; 
at before t: attendere, attribuerS, attingere, attrahere. 

521» ante becomes anti in: antistare, anticipare. 

522» circum may drop its final m before eo, ire: 
circumeO, circueo, commonly circuitus, circuitio. 

523. com (= cum). 

com before b, p, m: combibere, comparare, committere; 
con before c, d, f, g, j, n, q, s, t, v: 

concludere, condere, congredi, conjungere, contlngre; 
con & col before 1: conlabi & coUabi; conlocare & coUocarS; 
cor before r: corrigere, corripere, corrOdere, corrumpere; 
CO before vowels and h (except comedo): 

coire, c5haer6re, cogere (= coagere), coemere; 
CO before gn, and in a few words before n: 

cognosce, conecto, coniveO, conitor, conubium. 

524. e, ex. 

ex before vowels and h, c, p, q, s, t: 

exire, exciperg, exhibere, exsistgre; Exception epotarg; 
e before b, d, g, j, 1, m, n, r, v: 

eligere, ejicere, evadere, erumpere, ebibgrS, edicSrS; 
ef before f: ^fferre^ efflcere, effugSrS, effoder^j 



— 134: — 

525. Sn. 

in before vowels and h, c, d, f, g (but not before gn), j, n, q, s, t, V: 

inire, inhibgrg, ingerere, inquirere, inficere, invehere; 
in, sometimes 11 before 1; in & Ir before r: 

Inlidere & Ulidere; Inrumpere & Irrumpere, irruere; 
im before m, b, p: Immittgre, Imbuere, imponere, imperare; 
i before gn: ignorare, Ignoscere. 

526. db. 

ob before vowels, j, h, b, d, 1, m, n, r, s, t, v: 

oboedire, objicere, oblivisci, obrepere, obstare, obtingerg; 
oc before c; of before f; og before g; op before p: 

occurrere, ofTerre, oggerere, opponere, opprimere; 
b is dropped in omittere, operire, ostendere (= obs-tendere). 

527. per. 

per unchanged, except before 1, as: 

pellegere == perlegere; pellicere = perlicere. 
In derivatives of jurare, the r is dropped, as: pejerare = perjurarS. 

528. sGb. 

sub before vowels, h, j, b, d, 1, n, s, t, v: 

stibigere, subjungere, subtrahere, subvertSrg, subhastare; 
sue before c; suf before f; sug before g: 

succedSre, succumbere, suffocare, sufficere, suggerere; 
sum & sub before m; sup before p; sur k sub before r: 

summittere & submittere; supponere; surripere & subripere^ 
sus (= subs) occurs in: 

suscipere, suscitare, suspendere,sustTnere,sustentare,sustiilI; 
su before sp: suspicere, susplrare, suspectare. 



529. trans. 

trans before vowels and b, c, f, g, p, r, t, v: 

transagere, tr ansfugerS, t ransponere, tr ansgredi, tr ansvShere ; 
tran before s, and always before sc: 

transilire, transcribere, transcendere, transerere,transuere> 
trans and often tra before j, d, 1, m, n: 

tradere, trajicere, transmittgre & tramittere, tradac6re; 



— 135 — 

Compound Substantives. 
530» Compound Substantives are made up: 

1. Of a substantive and a following verbal stem; the vowel 
connecting the two parts is i, as: 

agricola, a farmer from ager & c61er§ 
armiger, an armor-bearer "' arma ^' gerere 

artifex, an artist *' ars ** facere 

parricida, a parricide ^' pater ^^ caedere 

2. Of two substantives or a substantive and an adjective: 
eolstitmm, solstice from sol & statio 
rupicapra, a mZ(Z ^oa^ '^ rupes ^' capra 
legislator, a law-giver '* lex ** lator 
jQsjurandum, an oath *^ jus ^' jurandiim 
aequinoctium, equinox *' aequus '* nox 

3. Of a substantive and a preceding particle^ as: 
Jncuria, want of care from in & cura 
proverbium, a proverb "■ pro *^ verbum 
superficies, a surface ** super ** facies 
n6mo, no one " ne ** homo 

Compound Adjectives. 

S31, Compound Adjectives are made up: 

1. Of two nouns (including under this term adjective and sub- 
stantive), as: 

ignicolor, fire-colored from ignis & color 

misericors, tender-hearted ** miser *' cor 

magnanimiis, great-hearted ^* magniis ^' animus 

alip6s, wing-footed ^^ ala ** pes 

2. Of a preposition with a substantive. In this combination 
the prepositions a, de, ex, in, se have negative power: 

concors, harmonious from con & cor 

demons ) *^ de ^* mens 

mors, unskilled *^ in '* ars 

securus, /ree /rom care *' se ^' cura 

3. Of a preposition with an adjective. The prepositions used 
in this way are: per, prae, t;er2/; sub, somewhat] in, no^* 

perdifficilis, very difficult from pSr & difflcilTs 
praepotens, very powerful '* prae *' potens 

subrusticiis, somewhat clownish '^ sub ^^ rusticus 
indignus, unworthy *^ in ** dignus 



— 136 



INDEX OF VERBS, 

This Index contains all the Simple Verbs in common use which involvt 
any important irregularities, with such of their Compounds as require par- 
ticular notice. — The references are to paragraphs. 



A. 

abeo, -ire, to go away, 407 
abigo, -gre, to drive away, 383 
abluo, -ere, to wash (off), 366 
abnuo, -ere, to dissent, 366 
aboleo, -ere, to abolish, 356 
abolesco, -ere, to disappear, 394 
abscindo, -ere, to tear off, 374 
abscondo, -ere, to hide, 372 
absisto, -ere, to cease, 374 
absolve, -ere, to acquit, 366 
abstergeo, -ere, to wipe off^ 360 
abstineo, -ere, to abstain, 358 
absum, abe^sse, to be absent, 306 
absumo, -ere, to use up^ 385 
abator, -i, to use, abuse, 396 
accedo, -ere, to approach, 374 
accendo, -ere, to kindle, 373 
accio, -ire, to call in, 362 
accipio, -ere, to receive, 368 
accubo, -are, to lie near, 347 
accumbo, -ere, to recline at 

table, 376 
accurro, -ere, to run to, 387 
acesco, -ere, to turn sour, 394 
acquire, -ere, to acquire, 389 
acuo, -ere, to sharpen, 366 
adfero, -re, to aford, 404 
adhaereo, -erg, to stick, 360 
adimo, -ere, to take away, 389 
adipiscor, -T, to obtain, 396 
adjungo, -ere, to join (to), 378 
adjuvS, -5i:e^ to cismt^ 348 



admitto, -ere, to admit, 374 
adniio, -ere, to nod assent, 366 
adoleo, -ere, to grow up, 356 
adolesco, -ere, to grow up, 394 
adorior, -iri, to attack, 399 
adsisto, -ere, to stand by, 374 
adsum, adesse, to be present, 306 
aegresco, -ere, to fall sick, 395 
affllgo, -ere, to dash, 378 
age, come, 417 
aggredior, -i, to attack, 396 
agiiosco, -ere, to ' acknowledge^ 

393 
ago, -ere, to drive, do, 383 
ajo, I say, 416 

albeo, -ere, to be white, 354 
algeo, -ere, to be cold, 360 
allege, -ere, to choose, 383 
allieio, -ere, to allure^ 368 
allido, -ere, to dash against, 371 
allino, -ere, to besmear, 388 
alloquor, -i, to address, 396 
ale, -ere, to nourish^ 386 
ambigo, -ere, to contend, 383 
ambio, -ire, to go about, 408 
amicio, -ire, to clothe, 398 
amitto, -erg, to lose, 374 
amplector, -i, to embrace, 396 
ango, -ere, to torment, vex, 381 
an quire, -ere, to search after, 389 
antecello, -ere, to excel, 386 
antepone, -ere, to prefer, 386 
^jitiste^ -Sre, to excel^ 349 



— 137 — 



apagg, he gone, 417 
aperio, -ire, to ojpen^ 398 
apiscor, -i, to reach after ^ 396 
applaudo, -ere, to applaud, 371 
applico, -are, to apply, 347 
appono, -ere, to put by, 386 
arceo, -er^, to keep off, 353 
arcesso, -ere, to summon, 390 
ardeo, -ere, to burn, 360 
areo, -er€, to be dry, 353 
aresco, -ere, to become dry, 394 
arguo, -ere, to accuse, 366 
arrideo, -ere, to smile upon, 360 
arripio, -ere, to seize, 368 
ascendo, -ere, to ascend, 373 
aspicio, -ere, to look, 368 
assentior, -iri, to assent, 399 
assequ5r, -i, to pursue, 396 
assideo, -ere, to sit by, 361 
assido, -ere, tositdown, 374 
assuesco, -Sre, to be accustomed, 

393 
attendo, -ere, to attend to, 371 
attineo, -ere, to belong, 358 
attingo, -ere, to touch, 382 
audeo, -ere, to dare, 363 
aufero, -r§, to carry away, 404 
augeo-ere, to increase, 359 
augesco, -ere, to augment, 394 
av6, TiaiZ, 417 

avello, -ere, to pull down, 389 
aveo, -ere, to long for, 354 

B. 

bibo, -ere, to drink, 376 

C. 

cado, -erS, to fall, 371 
caedo, -ere, to fell, 371 
calesco, -ere, to become warm, 

394 
calleo, -ere, to be versed, 353 



calveS, -ere, to be bald, 354 
candeo, -ere, to shine, 353 
cando, I burn, 373 
caneo, -ere, to be gray, 354 
cano, -ere, to sing, 387 
capesso, -ere, to lay hold of, 390 
capio, -ere, to take, 331, 368 
carpo, -ere, to pluck, 375 
caveo,-ere, to take heed, 357 
cedo, give, 417 
cedo, -ere, to yield, 374 
cello, I impel, 386 
cSno, -are, to dine, 278 
censeo,-ere, to value, think, 358 
cerno, -ere, to see, discern, 388 
cettg, ^it'^, 417 

^l!^' :^5^ } to rouse, 362 
CIO, -ire ) 

cingo, -ere, /o gird, 378 

circumdo, -ar e, jJaswrrounc?, 349 

circumfundo, -ere, to surround, 

373 
circumsedeo,-ere, to sit around, 

361 
circumsto,-are, to stand around, 

349 
clango, -ere, ^o clang, 381 
claudo, -ere, /o shut, close, 371 
coalesce, -ere, to groio together, 

394 
cSarguo, -ere, to convict, 366 
c66mo,-ere, to buy together, 389 
coepi, coepisse, to have begun, 415 
cognosce, -ere, to know, 393 
cogo, -ere, to force (co-ago), 383 
cohaereo, -ere, to stick, 360 
collide, -ere, to dash together^ 

371 
coUigo, -ere, to collect, 383 
colo, -ere, to cultivate, 386 
comburo, -€re, to burn (wholly)^ 

389 



138 — 



comminiscor, •!, to devise j 396 
committo, -ere, io commit j 374 
cOmo, -ere, io adorrij 385 
compesco, -ere, to restrain, 393 
compingo, -ere, to drive tighty 382 
compleo, -ere, to fill (up), 356 
comprimo, -ere, to press to- 
gether, 389 
concmo, -ere, to sound together, 

387 
concio, -Tre, to call together, 362 
concludo, -ere, to shut up, 371 
concupisco, -ere, to covet, 394 
concurro, -ere, to run together, 

387 
concutio, -ere, to shake, 368 
condo, -er€, to found, 372 
condolesco,-ere, tofeelpain, 394 
confero, -re, to collect, 404 
conficio, -ere, to make, 368 
confido, -ere, to confide, 373 
confiteor, -eri, to confess, 364 
confllgo, -ere, to fight, 378 
confodio, -ere, to pick out, 368 
confringo, ~er^, to break in two, 

383 
congero, -ere, to bring together, 

389 
congruo, -ere, to agree, 366 
cOniveo, -ere, to shut the eyes, 

357 
conscisco, -ere, to bring upon, 

394 
ccnscribo, -ere, to frame, 375 
consero, -ere, to plant, 388 
consido, -ere, to settle, 374 
conspergo, -^re, to sprinkle, 384 
consto, -are, to consist, 349 
constriio, -ere, to construct, 367 
consuesco, -ere, to be wont, 393 
consulo, -ere, to counsel, 386 
consumo, -ere, to consume, 385 



contemno, -ere, to despise, 385 
contendo, -ere, to exert, 371 
contero, -ere, to rub off, 388 
conticesco, -ere, io become stillf 

394 
contineo, -ere, to hold together, 

358 
contraho, -ere, to contract, 378 
coiitremisco,-ere, to tremble, 394 
contribuo, -ere, to contribute, 

366 
contundo, -erS, to break down, 

371 
convalesce, -ere, to recover, 394 
coquo, -ere, to cook, bake, 378 
corrigo, -ere, to correct, 378 
corrumpo, -ere, to corrupt, 376 
corruOj-ere, to fall to the ground, 

366 
crebresco, -ere, to become frC' 

quent, 395 
credo, -ere, to believe, 372 
crepo, -are, to creak, 347 
cresco, -ere, to grow, 393 
ciibo, -are, to lie down, 347 
cudo, -ere, to forge, 373 
cupio, -ere, to desire^ 332, 368 
eurro, -ere, to run, 370, 387 

D. 

decerno, -ere, to determine, 388 
decerpo, -ere, to pluck, 375 
decet, it becomes, 420 
decide, -ere, to cut down, 371 
decipio, -ere, to deceive, 368 
dedecet, it is unbecoming, 420 
dedisco, -ere, to unlearn, 393 
defends, -ere, to defend, 373 
defetiscor, -i, to be worn out, 396 
defungor, -T, to discharge, 396 
deglubo, -ere, to skin, 375 
dego,-ere, to spend (de-ago), 383 



— 139 



deleo, -erS, to destroy^ 351, 356 
deligo, -ere, to choose^ 383 
delltesco, -ere, to hide away, 394 
demo, -erS, to take away, 385 
depello, ^re, to dispel, 387 
dependeo, -ere, to hang down, 

361 
dSposco, -ere, to request, 393 
depso, -ere, to knead, 390 
derideo, -ere, to laugh at, 360 
describo, -ere, to describe, 375 
dSseco, -are, to cut down^ 347 
desero, -ere, to forsake, 388 
d6sino, -ere, to leave off, 388 
deslpio, -ere, to be foolish , 368 
despicio, -6re, to despise, 368 
despondeo, -ere, to promise, 361 
desum, deesse, to be wanting, 306 
detego, -ere, to discover, 378 
dStero, -ere, to wear away, 388 
devincio, -ire, to bind, 398 
d^y 6Yeo,-eTe,to vow, devote^ 857 
dico, -ere, to say, tell, 336, 378 
differs, -re, to defer, 404 
diffiteor, -eri, to disavow, 364 
diffundo, -ere, to pour forth, 373 
dilabor, -i, to fall asunder, 396 
diligo, -ere, to love, 383 
dimico, -are, to fight, 347 
dirigo, -ere, to direct, 378 
diruo, -ere, to destroy, 366 
discerno,-ere,io distinguish, 388 
discerpo, -ere, to tear asunder, 

375 
discindo, -Sre, to split, 374 
disco, -ere, to learn, 370, 393 
discrepo, -are, to disagree, 347 
dissero, -ere, to discourse, 388 
dissideo, -ere, to disagree, 361 
dissilio, -ire, to burst asunder, 

398 
dissuadeo,-ere, to dissuade^ 360 



distingiio, -erS, to distinguish^ 

378 
disto, -are, to he distant, 349 
distribuo, -ere, to distribute, 366 
ditesco, -ere, to grow rich, 395 
divido, -ere, to divide, 371 
do, -are, to give, 349, 370 
doceo, -ere, to teach, 358 
domo, -are, to tame, 347 
diico, -ere, to lead, 336, 378 
dulcesco, -ere, to become sweet, 

395 
duresco, --ere, to grow hard, 395 

E. 

edisco, -ere, to learn by heart, 

393 
edo, -erg, to eat, 373, 410 
€do, -ere, to give out, 372 
educo, -ere, to lead forth, 378 
effero, -re, to carry out, 404 
effervesco, -ere, to boil up, 394 
efflOresco, -ere, to begin to 

bloom, 394 
effodio, -ere, to dig out, 368 
effringo,-ere, to break open, 383 
effundo, -ere, to pour out, 373 
egeo, -ere, to be in want, 353 
elicio, -ere, to entice out, 368 
elido, -ere, to strike out, 371 
ellgo, -ere, to elect, 383 
gmico, -are, to shine forth, 347 
gmineo, -ere, to be prominent, 

353 
emo, -ere, to buy, 389 
Sneco, -are, to slay, 347 
eo, ire, to go, 406 
Srubesco, -ere, to turn red, 394 
erumpo, -ere, to break out, 376 
eruo, -ere, to dig out, 366 
esurio, -irS, to want to eat, 398 
evado, -ere, to turn out, 371 



— 140 — 



SvanescS, -ere, to vanish, 395 
everto, -ere, to overthrow, 373 
€v6mo, -ere, to vomit up, 386 
exardesco, -ere, to take fire, 394 
excello, -ere, to excel, 386 
excido, -ere, to hew out, 371 
excindo, -ere, to destroy, 374 
exhaurio, -ire, to exhaust, 398 
expergiscor, -i, to awake, 396 
experior, -iri, to try, 399 
explico, -are, to unfold, 347 
explOdo, -ere, to hiss off, 371 
exposco, -ere, to request earn- 
estly, 393 
exprimo, -ere, to press out, 389 
exsisto, -ere, to come forth, 374 
exstinguo, -ere, to put out, 378 
exsto, -are, to exist, 349 
extends, -ere, to stretch out, 371 
extimesco, -ere, to fear, 394 
exuo, -ere, to put off^ 366 



fucesso, -ere, to accomplish, 390 
facio, -ere, to do, make, 368 
fallo, -ere, to cheat, 387 
farcio, -ire, to stuff, 398 
fan, to speak, 416 
fateor, -eri, to confess, 364 
favSo, -ere, to favor^ 357 
fendo, I fend, 373 
ferio, -ire, to strike, beat, 398 
fero, -re, to bear, 336, 389, 403 
ferocio, -ire, to be unruly, 398 
ferveo, -ere, to glow, 357 
fido, -ere, to trust, conjide, 373 
figo, -ere, to fix, 379 
findo, -ere, to split, cleave 374 
fingo, -ere, to fashion, 379 
tlo, fieri, to become, 368, 411 
flaveo, -ere, to be golden yellow, 
354 



flavesco, -ere, to become yellow^ 

394 
flecto, -ere, to bend, 380 
fleo, -ere, to weep, 356 ^ 
fligo, -ere, to strike, 378 
floreo, -ere, to blossom, 353 
fluctuo, -are, to wave, 365 
fliio, -ere, to flow, 367 
fodio, -ere, to dig, 332, 368 
forem, / should be, 418 
foveo, -er§, to cherish, 357 
frango, -ere, to break, 385 
fremo, -ere, to growl, 386 
frico, -arS, to rub, 347 
frigeo, -ere, to be cold, 359 
fruor, -i, to enjoy, 396 
fugio, -ere, to flee, 332, 368 
fiilcio, -ire, to support, 398 
fulgeo, -ere to shine, 360 
fundo, -ere, to pour, 373 
fungor, -i, to discharge, 396 
furo, -ere, to rage, 389 

G. 

gaudeo, -ere, to rejoice, 363 
gemo, -ere, to groan, 386 
gero, -ere, to carry on, 389 
gigno, -ere, to beget, 386 
glisco, -ere, to grow up, 393 
glabo, -ere, to peel, 375 
gradior, -i, to step, 396 
grandeseo, -ere, to grow, 395 
graveseo, -ere, to grow heavy^ 

395 
gruo or ruo ? 366 

H. 

haereo, -ere, to hang, 360 
haurio, -ire, to draw, 398 
hebeo, -ere, to be blunt, 354 
tiebeseo, -ere, to grow dull, 394 
hisco, -ere, to yawn, 394 



Ul — 



horreo, -ere, to shudder^ 353 
horresco, -ere, to stand on end^ 

394 
humeo, -erS, to be moistj 354 

I. 

icS, -^rS, to strike, 383 
illino, -ere, to bedaub, 388 
illucesco, -ere, to grow light, 

394 
illudo, -ere, to mocJc, 371 
imbiio, -Sre, to dip, dye, 366 
immineo, -ere, to threaten, 354 
imminuo, -ere, to lessen, 366 
impendeo, -ere, to hang over, 

361 
impleo, -ere, to Jill (up), 356 
implico, -are, to involve, 347 
incesso, -ere, to fall upon, 390 
incido, -ere, to fall into, 371 
incido, -ere, to engrave, 371 
incipio, -SrS, to begin, 368 
incolo, -ere, to inhabit, 386 
incrgpo, -are, to 5CoZ(Z, 347 
inciibo, -are, to Zie upon^ 347 
indico, -6rS, to declare, 378 
indigSo, -erg, to be in want, 353 
indolesco, -Sre, to feel pain, 394 
indulges, -ere, to indulge, 359 
induo, -erg, to j)w^ on, 366 
inSo, -ire, to ^o into, 407 
infgro, -re, to carr?/ into, 404 
inggmisco, -ere, to groan, 394 
ingruo, -ere, to ru6'/i, 366 
innotesco,-er6,to becomeknown, 

395 
inquam, I say, 416 
inquiro, -gre, to inquire, 389 
ins6ro, -ere, to p?an^ in, 388 
insero, -Sre, to in^er/, 388 
insidSo, -erg, to si7 i^j9on, 361 
instruo, -gre, to instruct^ 367 



insum, inesse, to 6e in, 306 
int^grasco, -grg, to &e^m anew, 

395 
intellSgo, -grg, to understand, 

383 
intergo, -irg, to perish, 407 
interficio, -grg, to kill, 368, 413 
intersum,int6ressS, tobebetween, 

306 
intumesco, -grg, to 5it'e??, 394 
invguio, -irg, to find out, 398 
inv6t6rasco, -gre, to ^rozi? cidy 

394 
invidgo, -erg, to envy, 361 
irascor, -i, to grow angry, 396 
irrepo, -grg, to cree^? into, 375 

J. 

jacio, -grg, to throw, 368 
jiibgo, -erg, to order, 360 
jungo, -grg, to Join, 378 
juro, -arg, to swear, 278 
juvenesco, -grg, to ^row; young, 

395 
jiivo, -arg, to assist, 348 

labdr, -i, to glide, roll on, 396 
lacesso, -grg, to excite, 390 
lacio, / entice, 368 
laedo, -grg, to violate, hurt, 371 
lambo, -grg, to ZicA:, 376 
langugo, -ere, to 6^ weary, 353 
latgo, -erg, to 6e 7ii(^, 353 
lavo, -arg, to t(;a57i, 348 
Iggo, -grg, to reacZ, 383 
libet, it pleases, 420 
licSt, i^ i5 lawful, 420 
lino, -grg, to smear, 388 
linquo, -grg, to ?6a^'e, 383 
liqugfacio, -grg, to liquefy, 413 
liqueo, -erg, to &e yfui(Z, 353 



— 142 



liquet, it is dear^ 420 
liveo, -ere, to be pale, 354 
loquor, -1, to speak, 396 
luceo, -ere, to shine, 359 
ludo, -6re, to play, 371 
lugeo, -ere, to mourn, 359 
luo, -ere, to atone for, 366 
luo, -ere, to wash, 366 

M. 

macresco, -ere, to grow meager, 

395 
madeo, -ere, to be wet, 353 
maereo, -ere, to grieve, 354 
malo, malle, to be more willing, 

405 
mando, -ere, to chew, 373 
maneo, -ere, to remain^ 360 
mansuefacio, -ere, to tame, 413 
maturesco, -ere, to ripen, 395 
medeor, -eri, to cure, 364 
memini, -isse, to remember, 415 
merge, -ere, to dip in, 384 
metior, -iri, to measure, 399 
m6to, -ere, to reap, 374 
metiio, -ere, to fear, 366 
mico, -are, to shine, 347 
miniscor, I recollect, 396 
minuo, -ere, to lessen, 366 
misceo, -ere, to mix, 358 
misereor, -eri, to have pity, 364 
miseret, it excites pity, 420 
mitesco, -ere, to become mild, 

395 
mitto, -ere, to send, 374 
molo, -erg, to grind, 386 
mordeo, -ere, to bite, 361 
morior, -i, to die, 396 
moveo, -ere, to move, 357 
mulceo, -ere, to soothe, 360 
mulgeo, -ere, to milk, 360 



nancisc6r,-i, to get, 396 
nascor, -i, to be born, 396 
necto, -ere, to tie, 380 
neglego, -ere, to neglect, 383 
neo, -ere, to spin, 356 
nequeo, -Ire, not to be able, 409 
nigresco, -erg, to become blacky 

395 
ningo, -ere, to snow, 381 
niteo, -ere, to glitter, 353 
nitor, -i, to stay one's self on, 396 
nolo, nolle, to be unwilling, 405 
nosco, -ere, to (learn to) JcnoWj 

393 
nubo, -ere, to marry, 375 
niio, / nod, 366 

O. 

obdormisco, -ere, to fall asleep^ 

394 
obeo, -ire, to meet, 407 
objicio, -ere, to throw to, 368 
obliviscor, -i, to forget, 396 
obmutesco, -ere, to grow dumb, 

395 
obriio, -ere, to cover, 366 
obsideo, -ere, to besiege, 361 
obsisto, -ere, to oppose, 374 
obsoleo, -ere, to go out of use^ 

356 . 
obsolesco, -ere, to become ob* 

solete, 394 
obsum, obesse, to be in the way^ 

306 
obtineo, -ere, to occupy, 358 
obtundo, -ere, to stun, 371 
occido, -ere, to set, 371 
occldo, -ere, to kill, 371 
oceulo, -ere, to conceal, 386 
occurro, -ere, to meet, 387 
odi, -isse, to hate, 415 



— 143 



offendo, -er6, to offend^ 373 
oleo, -ere, to smelly 353 
oleO, / grov:^ 356 
oportet, it is needful, 420 
opperior, -iri, to await, 399 
oppono, -ere, to oppose, 386 
ordior, -iri, to begin, 399 
orior, -iri, to rise, 399 
ostendo, -ere, to show^ 371 

P. 

paciscor, -i, to strike a bargain, 

396 
paenitet, it causes sorrow, 420 
palleo, -ere, to look pale, 353 
pallesco, -ere, to turn pale, 394 
pando, -ere, to spread, 374 
pango,-ere, to strike, drive, 382 
pango, -ere, to bargain, 382 
parco, -ere, to spare, 382 
pario, -ere, to bring forthy 368 
pasco, -ere, to graze, 393 
pascdr, -i, to feed, 396 
patefacio, -ere, to open, 332, 368 
pateo, -ere, to stand open, 353 
patior, -i, to suffer, 396 
paveo, -ere, to fear, 357 
pecto, -ere, to comb, 380 
pellicto, -ere, to allure, 368 
pello, -ere, to drive (away), 387 
pendeo, -ere, to hang, 361 
pendo, -ere, to weigh, 371 
perago, -ere, to accomplish, 383 
percello, -ere, to beat down, 386 
percenseo, -ere, to survey, 358 
perdo, -ere, to ruin, 372 
pSreo, -irS, to perish, 408 
perficio, -ere, to finish, 368 
perfruor, -i, to enjoy fully, 396 
pergo, see perrlgo 
perimo, -erg, to slay, 389 
perl6go,-ere,^o readthroughjSSZ 



permitto, -ere, to permit, 374 
permulceo, -ere, to appease, 360 
perpetior, -i, to endure, 396 
(perrigo) pergo, -ere, to go on^ 

378 
perrumpo,-ere,^o break through, 

376 
])ers\i3ideo,-ere, to persuade, 360 
pertlneo, -ere, to pertain, 358 
pessumdo, -are, to ruin, 349 
peto, -ere, to seek, 374 
piget, it grieves, 420 
piDgo, -ere, to paint, 379 
pinguesco, -ere, to grow fat^ 395 
pinso, -ere, to pound, 390 
plaDgo, -ere, to beat, lament, 378 
plaudo, -ere, to applaud^ 371 
plecto, -ere, to beat, 380 
plector, 396 
pleo, I fill, 356 
plico, I fold, 347 
plumesco, -ere, to get feathers^ 

395 
pluo, -ere, to rain, 366 
polleo, -ere, to be powerful^ 354 
pono, -ere, to place, 386 
posco, -ere, to demand, 370, 393 
possideo, -ere, to possess, 361 
possum, posse, to be able, 401 
poto, -Sre, to drink, 278, 347 
praecello, -ere, to excel, 386 
praeciiio,-ere, to sing to one, 387 
praedico, -ere, to predict, 378 
praef^ro, -re, to prefer, 404 
praescrlbo, -ere, ^o^re5cri&e, 3 75 
praesideo^ -ere, to preside, 361 
praesto, -are, to afford, 349 
praesum, praeessS, to be over, 

306 
praetgrSo, -ire, fo pass by, 407 
prandeo, -erS, to breakfast, 361 
prehendo, -SrS, to seize, 373 



144 



prgm5, -ere, to press, 389 
proficiscor, -i, to set out, start, 

396 
profligo,~arS, to strike dowUy^lS 
prOmitto, -ere, to promise, 374 
promo, -ere, to take out, 385 
prpsterno, -ere, to overthrow, 

388 
prosum, prOdesse, to be useful, 

306 
prOtggo, -ere, to protect, 378 
provideo, -ere, to provide, 361 
psallo, -ere, to play on the ci- 
thern, 389 
pudet, it shames, 420 
piigrasco, -er5, to hecome a 

child, 395 
pungo, -ere, to ^pierce, sting, 382 
putresco, -ere, to rot, 394 

Q. 

quaero, -Sre, to seek, desire, 389 
quaeso, I beseech, 418 
quatio, -ere, to shake, 332, 368 
queo, -ire, to he able, 409 
queror, -i, to complain, 396 
quiesco, -ere, to rest, 393 

R. 

rado, -ere, to scrape, 371 
r5,pio, -eriS, to seize, 332, 368 
recenseo, -ere, to review, 358 
recrudesce, -ere, to break open 

afresh, 395 
recurro, -ere, to run back, 387 
redargue, -ere, to refute, 366 
reddo, -ere, to give back, 372 
redeo, -ire, to return, 407 
rSdimo, -ere, to buy back, 389 
rgfello, -erg, to refute, 387 
rSfercio, -Tre, to cram, 398 
ref^ro, -re, to bring back^ 404 



refluo, -ere, to flow back, 367 
rego, -ere, to rule, govern, 378 
relego, -ere, to read over, 383 
relinquo, -ere, to leave (behind)y 

383 
remaneo, -ere, to remain, 360 
rgmmiscor, -i, to remember, 396 
renideo, -ere, to shine, 354 
reor, -eri, to think, 364 
repello, -ere, to repel, 387 
r^pMo, -ire, to find, 398 
rgpeto, -ere, to repeat, 374 
rgpleo, -ere, to fill (up), 356 
rgpo, -ere, to creep, crawl, 375 
rgposco, -ere, to demand hack^ 

393 
rSquTesco, -ere, to rest, 393 
resideo, -ere, to remain behind, 

361 
rSsipisco, -ere, to come to one's 

self again, 394 
resono, -are, to resound, 347 
respicio, -ere, to consider, 368 
respondeo, -ere, to answer, 361 
restituo, -ere, to restore, 366 
reverter, -i, to turn hack, 396 
revivisco, -ere, to revive, 394 
rideo, -ere, to laugh, 360 
rigeo, -ere, to he stiff, 353 
rodo, -ere, to gnaw, 371 
rubeo, -ere, to be red, 353 
rumpo, -ere, to break, 376 
ruo, -erS, to rush forth, 366 

S. 
saepio, -Tre, to hedge in, 398 
salio, -ire, to leap, 398 
salve, hail, 417 
saneio, -ire, to sanction, 398 
sapio, -ere, to be wise, 368 
sarciS, -irS, to mend, 398 
Batisdo, -are, to give hail, 349 



145 



I 



ecabo, -ere, to scratchy 376 
scalpo, -ere, to carve, 375 
scando, -ere, to climbj 373 
scateo, -ere, to gush, 354 
scindo, -ere, to cut, 374 
scio, -ire, to know, 338 
seised, -ere, to decree, 394 
scribOj -ere, to write, 375 
sculpo, -ere, to chisel, 375 
seeo, -are, to cut, 347 
sedeo, -ere, to sit, 361 
eSneseo, -ere, t:> grow old, 394 
6eutio,-ire, to feel, perceivCj 398 
sepelio, -ire, to bury, 398 
B^quor, -T, to follow, 396 
sero, -ere, to sow, 388 
sero, -ere, to join, 388 
serpo, -ere, to creep, 375 
6ido, -ere, to sit down, 374 
sileo, -ere, to he silent, 353 
eiQO, -ere, to let, 388 
sisto, -ere, to stop, 374 
soleo, -ere, to be wont, 363 
solvo, -ere, to loose, 366 
sono, -are, to sound, 347 
Borbeo, -ere, to sip, 353 
sordeo, -ere, to be dirty, 353 
epargo, -ere, to scatter, 384 
spgeio, I see, 368 
sperno, -ere, to despise, 388 
splendeo, -ere, to gleam, 353 
spondeo, -ere, to pledge, 361 
spuo, -ere, to spit, 366 
squaleo, -ere, to be filthy, 354 
statiio, -ere, to set, place, 366 
sterno, -ere, to strew, 388 
fiternuo, -ere, to sneeze, 366 
sterto, -ere, to snore, 373 
stingiio, I put out, 378 
stS, stars, to stand, 349, 370 
Str6p5,-6r5, to make a noise, 376 
6tr!d6o, -erg, to whiz, creak, 361 



stringo, -ere, to bind, 379 
striio, -€re, to build, 367 
studeo, -ere, to be zealous, 353 
stupeo, -ere, to be amazed, 353 
suadeo, -ere, to advise, 360 
siibe5, -ire, to come under, 407 
subigo, -ere, to subdue, 383 
subjicio, -ere, to subject, 368 
subsum, subesse, to be under, 306 
suecenseo, -ere, to be angry, 353 
sueeurro, -€re, to succor, 387 
suesco, -ere, to become used, 393 
sugo, -ere, to suck, 378 
sum, esse, to be, 303 
sumo, -ere, to take, 385 
sue, -ere, to sew, 366 
siiperbio, -ire, to be proud, 398 
supersedes, -ere, to forbear, 361 
supersum, superesse, to remain 

over, 306 
supprimo, -erS, to keep back, 389 
(surrigo) surgo, -ere, to rise, 378 
suspendo, -ere, to hang, 371 

T. 

taedet, it wearies, 420 
tango, -ere, to touch, 382 
tggo, -ere, to cover, 378 
temno, I despise, 385 
tenaS, -ere, to spread, 371 
tgneo, -ere, to hold, 358 
t^n^resco, -ere, to grow tender, 

395 
tergeo, -ere ) ^^ ^.. gg^j 334 
tergo, -Sre ) 

tSro, -ere, to rub, wear out, 388 
texo, -Sre, <o weave, 390 
timeo, -ere, ^0 /ear, 353 
tingo (tinguo), -6re, <o stain, 378 
tollO, -erg, <o lift, take away, 389 
tond65, -erS, to shear, 361 
tSno, -arfi, <o thunder, 347 



146 



torpSo, -ere, to he numb, 353 
torqueo, -ere, to torture, 359 
torreo, -ere, to roast, 358 
trado, -ere, to deliver, 372 
traho, -ere, to draw, 378 
transeo, -ire, to pass over, 407 
tremo, -Sre, to tremhle, 386 
tribuo, -ere, to confer on, 366 
trudo, -ere, to thrust, 371 
tumeo, -ere, to swell, 353 
tundo, -ere, to thump, 371 
turgeo, -ere, to swell, 360 

U. 

ulciscor, -1, to avenge, 396 
ungo(unguo), -ere, to anoint, 378 
urgeo, -ere, to urge, 360 
firo, -ere, to burn, 389 
utor, -1, to use, 396 

V. 

vado, -ere, to go, 371 

vale, farewell^ 417 



vgho, -ere, to carry, 378 
vello, -er(^, to plucTc, pull, 389 
vendo, -gre, to sell, 372 
v6neo, -ire, to be for sale, 408 
venio, -ire, to come, 398 
vgnumdo, -are, to sell, 349 
vergo, -ere, to verge, 384 
verro, -ere, to sweep, 389 
verto, -grS, <o ^i^rn, 373 
vesc5r, -i, to feed upon, eat, 396 
veto, -are, to forbid, 347 
vidSo, -ere, to see, 361 
vigeo, -ere, to be vigorous, 353 
vilesco, -6re, ifo become vile, 395 
vincio, -ire, to bind, 398 
vinco, -ere, to conquer, 383 
vireo, -ere, to be green, 353 
viso, -ere, to visit, 390 
vivo, -ere, to live, 367 
volo, velle, to be willing, 405 
volvo, -ere, to roll, turn^ 366 
vomo, -ere, to vomit, 386 
voveo, -ere, to vow^ 357 



— 147 — 



VOCABULARIES 

of all Latin and English words occurring in the Reading-Lessons, Ex- 
amples, and Exercises, with their special meanings as used in this book. 

1. LATIN AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 

Note. Changeable parts of words are printed in bold-faced type, 
so as to indicate the manner of forming the Genitive, the Gender-endings, 
and the principal parts of Verbs. 

The -, simply added to a noun indicates that the Genitive is like the 
Nominative. 

(m.), (f.), (n.), (pi.) mean: masculine, feminine, neuter. Plural, re- 
spectively. 

The signs of quantity are given, unless the syllable is long by position, 
or contains a diphthong (26), 



A.. 

w, V (w. sibl.), from, away from, hy 

SbSo, -irS, Sbii, Sbitriiiii, to go 

away 
abjTcxo, -6rS, abjeci, abjectiiiix, to 

throw down 
abluo, -SrS, ablui, ablutru.in., to 

wash (off) 
SbolSo, -erS, abSlevi, Sbolitriiin., 

to abolish 
absens, -tis, absent 
absolvo, -€r^, absolvi, absolutiiin, 

to acquit 
abstTnentia, -ae (f.), abstinence 
absum, Sbesse, aful, to be absent, to be 

away 
absumo, -SrS, absumpsx, absump- 

'tXxYOi, to use up; absumere Sltquem, 

to carry off; incendto absumere, to de- 
stroy by fire 
accedo, -^rS, accessi, accesstiinL, 

to go near 
accTdo,-6rS,accTdi, (no sup.), ^ooccttr 
accendo, -SrS, accendi, accens'G.m, 

to kindle 
accTpio, -SrS, accepi, accepttlin, 

to receive 
accupator, -Sris (m.), an accuser 
accusS, -arS, -Svi, *at\im, to 

accuse 



acesco, -SrS, Sciii, (no sup.)? to turn 
sour 

acTes, -ei (f.), a battle, line of battle 

acuo,-Sr^,acui,acutu.in,^os7ia?i?ew, 
whet 

aciis, -"Qs (f.), a needle; acu pingere, 
to embroider 

Sd (w. ace), oil io 

Sdeo, so 

SdhibSo, -erS, -lii, -itiiin, to 
apply, use, employ 

adhortor, -ari, -atiis sum, to ex- 
hort 

Sdliuc, hitherto, stUI, as yet, up to this 
day (time) 

adtpiscor, -i, Sdeptiis siim, to obtain 

adltiis, -lis (m.), entrance 

adjuvo, -arS, adjuvi, adjutiim, to 
help, assist; Part. Fut. adjuvaturus, 
adjuturus 

admtnistro, -arS, -a^^^i, -sitixm., 
to gove^m 

admiror, -ari, -atiis sum, to ad- 
mire 

admitto, -SrS, admisi, admissiiiii, 
to admit 

adm^dSm, in a high degree, very 

admon6o,-erS, -iii, -itiixn., to ad- 
monish 

Sd516o, -er6, SdSlevi. adultiim, 
to grow up 



-- 148 



Sd51escens, -txs (m.), see Sdulescens 
ad5rxSr,-iri, Sdortiis siim,<o attack 
adspectiis, -"u.s (m.), a sight 
adsum, SdessS, adful, to be present^ to 

side witTi 
Sdulescens,-t;is (m.), a youth, a young 

man 
advers-Q-S, -5-, -iiin, adverse; res ad- 

versae, adversity 
aedifico, -ar^, -avi, -atiiin, to 

build 
Aedui, -or-ULin. (pi. m.), the Aeduij 

a tribe in Gaul 
aegrotans^ -tis, diseased 
aegroltis, -5,, -izin, sick 
Aegyptms -i, (m.), an Egyptian 
Aegyptiis, -i (f.), JEg'ypt 
aenigniS, -tis {t\.), a riddle, an enigma 
aequo, -arS, -a^vi, -atiim, to level 
aequiis, -5;, --urn, level, even; fair 
aer, aeris (m.), the air 
aerarmm, -i (n.), a treasury 
aes, aeris (n.), brass, copper 
aestas, -atis (f.), the surnmer 
aetas, -atis (f.), an age 
aeternitas, -atis (f.), eternity 
aeterniis, -ik>, -iiin, eieimal 
Aethiops,-opis (m.), an Ethiopian 
affero, -rS, attiili, allatiiirL, to 
afford; usum afferre, to do sermce; 
commSda afiferrg, to afford advan- 
tages 

Africa^, -ae (f.), Africa 

Sji^i^, -rx (m.), afield 

Agesilaiis, -x (m.), Agesilaus, one of 
the Spartan kings 

Sgo, -Si»S, egx, actxlirL, to do, act 

agricolS/, -ae (m.). a farmer 

agricultural, -ae (f.), agriculture 

ajo, / say, say yes, affirm 

alSl, -ae (f.), « wing 

alauda, -ae (f.), a lark 

AlcibTSdes, -is (m.), AlcibiadeSf an 
Athenian general 

aleS;, -ae (f.), a die 

Alexander, -rx (m.), Alexander 

Slienxis, -3^, -xixix, of others 

Sliquando, some time, at some time 

SlttSr, otherwise 

Slltis, -S/, -tid-j oiher^ another 



aio,-^rS,ai-ux,Slxtttin.or alttiiii, 

to nourish, feed 
Alpes, -i-uiix (pi. f.), the Alps 
altiis, -^, -"U-iix, high 
SmantudS, -xixis (f.), bitterness 
amariis, -S/, -lim, bitter 
ambulo, -arS. -si^vl, -atxiiriL, to 

take a walk, to walk 
amentiS;, -ae (f.), madness 
AmericS;, -ae, (f.), America 
5miciiTS<, -ae, {f.),f)Hendship 
Smictis, -X (m.), a friend 
amitto,-SrS,amTsx,amiss-uixi, to lose 
Smo, -arS, -a^vx, -a turn, to love 
amplius, more 

Snima/l, -alis (n.), an animal 
Snimans, -txs (m., f. & n.), a living 

being 
Snimxis, -x {m.), the mind, soul 
annuntio, -arS, -avi, -atiiiii, to 

announce 
annixs,-x (m.), cl year; In annum, /or 

one year 
annuiis, -a, --um, yearly 
anser, -is (m.), a goose 
ante (w. ace), before 
antea, before (that) ^formerly 
antepono, -Sx'S, antepSsxix, antep5- 

sitixin, to prefer 
anterior, -ixs, anterior; pes anterior, 

forepaw 
antlquitas, -atis (f.), antiquity 
antiquiis, -a, -xixn., old, ancient 
Anton i-us, -x (m.), Anthony 
anulxis, -x (m.), a finger -ring 
SpSr, -x^x (m.), a wild boar 
Sperio, -xrS, Sperixx, Spert-unx, to 

open 
Spis, - {f.),abee 
appello, -arS, -a^^i, *-at\xin., to 

name, call 
Appiiis, -S^, -iiirx, Appian; vtS Ap- 
pia, the Appian way from ancient 
Home to Brundisium 
applicOi-arSj-xxx, (-avx),-xt^iix, 

(-atiim), to apply 
aptxxs, -21, -xxnx Sd, adapted 
Spud (w. acc.)i among, with, in the eyes 
of, near; apud parentes, in the eyes of 
the parents 



— 149 



aqua, -ae (f.), water; aqua marina, 

sea-water 
aqufia, -ae, (f.), an eagle 
aquosiis, -St, -"lirii., moist 
araneS., -ae (f.), a spider 
aratriim, -i (n.), a plow 
arbTtroi'j-ari, -atils stim, to regard, 

consider 
arbor, -is (f.), Ci tree » 
arceo, -ere, -"u.i, (no sup.), to keep 

off J restrain 
arcesso, -ere, arcessi^s^i, arcessi- 

■tiim., to summon 
aresco, -ere, ariii, (no sup.), to (he- 
come) dry \_nius 
Arganthonitis, -i (m.), king Arganiho- 
argent-u-in, -i (n.), silver; argentum 

vivum, quicksilvei' 
arguo, -^rS, argui, argutiim, to 

charge with 
Aristldes, -is (in.), Aristides^ re- 
^ nownedfor his integrity 
ArTstippiis, -i (m.y, Aristippus, a 

philosoplier 
Aristo teles, -is (m.), Aristotle, teacher 

of Alexander 
arma,-or\iiii (pi. n.), armSjWeapons 
ars, -tis (f.), an art 
AsiS/, -ae (f.), Asia 
asiniis, -i (m.), on ass 
asper, -a, -ixro., rough 
assidu-Q-S, -^, -\iiii, constant 
assuesco,-erS,assuevi,assuet"u.in., 

to he accustomed 
at, hut, however 

Athenae, -arum. (pi. f.), Athens 
Atheniensis, - (m.), an Athenian 
AtlantTciis, -a, -lim, Atlantic 
atque, and 
attente, attentiveh/ 
attentiis, -a. -\iin., attentive 
auctor, -oris (m,), an author 
auctumniis, -i Cm.), the autumn 
audio, -ir^. -ivi, -itiim, to hear 
auditu-s, -tis (m.), hearing, the organ 

of hearing 
aufero, -rS, abstiili, ablattim., to 

ca)v^ away 
augSo, -er^, auati, auctuna,^!?/- 

orease 



Augustiis, -i (m.), Augustus, the first 
emperor of Rome 

aula, -ae (f.), a court 

aureiis, -a, -iim, of gold, golden 

auris, - (f.), the ear 

auriiin., -i (n.), gold 

aut, or; aut. .aut, either, .or 

autem (follows the first word in the sen- 
tence or clause), hut, yet 

auturnntis, -i (m.), autumn 

auxTlmm, -i (n.), help, assistance 

avaritia, -ae (f.), avarice 

avar-u.s,-a,-"u.iii, avaricious; avariis 
-X (m.), a miser 

avis, - (f.), a hird 

avolo, -arS, -a^vi, -atiim, to fly 
away 

avu-s, -i (m.), a grandfather 

DB. 

beat-iis, -a, --uiii., hlessed 

bell-um, -i (n.), war 

bene, well 

beneficiiim, -i (n.), a henefit 

benefictis, -a, -xiin., heneficeiit 

benevolentia, -ae {t), favor 

bestia, -ae (f.), a heast 

bestiola, -ae (f.), a small animal 

bibo,-ere,bibi, (bibitiim), to drink 

bis, tioice 

blandior, -iri, -itiis sum. to flatter 

bona,-oriiiii (pi. n.), hlessings; goods 

bonu-S, -a, -"tiiii, good 

brass ica, -ae (f.), cahhage 

brevis, -S, short 

Britannia, -ae (f.), (Great) Bintain 

Britanntis, -i (m.), a Briton 



cSdS, -erS, cScidi, casxiin, to fall 
caeciis, -a, -xini., hlind 

caedo, -SrS, cScIdi, caesiiiii, to 

heat 
caelitus, from, heaven 
caelu.m. -i (n.), heaven, the sky 
CaesSr, -is (m.). Caesar 
calamitas, -at is (f.), calamity, mis- 

fortune 
California, -ae (f.), California 
calor, -^vlm (m.)i ^^ 



— 150 



cameliis, -i (m.), a camel 
canalis, - (m.), a channel^ canal 
canis, - (m.), a dog 
cano,-erS, oScini, cantiim, to sing 
canto, -arS, -a^^i, -atiini, to sing 
cantiis, -"lis (m.), singing^ a song 
capio, -SrS, cepi, captiiiii, to take, 

catch 
caprea, -ao (f.), a (wild) goat 
captiviis, -a, -111X1, captive 
caro, carnis (f.), meat, flesh 
Caroliis, -i (m.), CJiarles; Carolus 

Magnus, Charlemagne 
carpo, -ere, carp si, carptiiiii, to 

pluck 
Carthaginiensis, -e, Carthaginian 
CarthagS, -inis (f.), Carthage 
cariis, -a, -iim, dear 
castor, -oris (m.;, a heaver 
castra, -oriim. (pi. n.), a military 

camp 
casu, by chance 
catena, -ae (f.), a chain 
Catiliiia, -ae (m.), Catiline 
Cato, -onis (m.), Cato; CSto major, 

Cato the elder 
caus3;, -ae (f.), a cause; causa (abl.) 

on account, in consequence of 
cauttis, -^, -"iiin., cautious 
cedo, -erS, cessi, cessiiin, to yield, 

to glide away 
celebSr, -ris, -r^, famous 
celer, -is, -S, swift, fast 
celeriter, fast, quickly 
cenS/, -ae (f.), dinner, meal 
centum, a hundred 
cerasiim., -i (n.), a cherry 
cerno,-ere, (cie^^i, crettiiii), to see 
certe, to he sure 
certiis, -S;, -Tim, certain 
cervxis, -i (m.), « stag 
cibiis, -i {m.),food 
CicerS, -onis (m.), Cicero 
ciconia, -ae (f.), « stork 
Cincinnatxis, -i (m.), Cincinnatus 
cingo, -^rS, cinxii, cinctiiin.. to 

gird, to surround 
cinis, -^ris (m.). ashes 
circumfundo, -SrS, circumfudi, cir- 
cumfusuTOj to $urroun^ 



citius, sooner, more quicldy 

cito, soon, quickly 

civilis, -S, civil 

civis, - (m.), a citizen 

civi.as, -atis (f.), a state, citizen- 
ship 

clariis, -S;, -iolxiol, famous 

classis, - {t), a fleet; a class 

coctiis, -S), -"um, haked 

coelum see caelum 

coepi, -issS, coeptiim., to have 

begun 
^oercSo, -erS, -xii, -itiiin., to re- 
strain 

coetiis, -"lis (m.), company 

cogiio, -arS, -a^^i, -at:"ULm, to 
think 

cognosco,-SrS,cogno^^i,cognTtiim, 
to know 

cogo, -SrS, coegi, coactiiin., to 
compel 

colloqui-iim, -i (n.), « convet^sation 

colo, -SrS, cbliii, cultixm, to cul- 
tivate; agrum colere, to till the field; 
virtutem colere, to practice virtue 

colon-iis, -i (m.), a colonist 

color, -oi'is (m.), color 

columba, -ae (f.), a dove 

comburo, -erS, combussi, combu- 
stixm, to burn (wholly) 

comedo, -SrS, comedi, comesiiiix, 
to eat (up) 

cometes, -ae (m.), a comet 

commendatiS, -onis (f.), a recom- 
mendation 

commentariiis, -i (m.), a commentary 

commoditas, -atis (f.), comfort 

commodiim, -i (n.), advantage; com- 
moda affen e, to afford advantages 

commodum (adv.), just 

commoror,-ari,-atiis sum, to abide 

communis, -e. common 

comparo, -arS, -a^^i, -atu-in, to 
provide; to compare 

compesco,-^rS, compesciii, (no sup. ), 
to restrain 

complector, -i, complextis sum, to 
embrace 

comporto, -ai'$, -avi, -atum, to 
collect 



151 



concludo, -Sr6, conclusi, conclii- 

siiin, to shut up 
concordTS;, -ae (f.), concord 
condemno, -arS, -sL-vl, -sitxim., 

to condemn 
condio, -irS, -i^^i, -itixm, to 

season, emhalni 
condo, -SrS, condidi, conditiiiii, 

to found; to hide 
confitSor, -eri, confessiis sum, to 

confess 
congruo, -Sx»S, cbngrui, (no sup.), to 

agree 
Conor, -ari, -altxis sum, to try^ ven- 
ture 
conscientia, -ae (f.), conscience 
conscisco, -SrS, consci>^i, conscx- 

"tiim, to hriyig upon; mortem sibl 

consciscere, to bring death upon one's 

self ^ 
consilmm, -i (n.), advice, counsel 
consoior,-ax^i,-a'tu.s sum,^o comfort 
constituo, -Sre, constitui, constitu- 

tiiiii, to determine 
consto, -ar6, constiti, (no sup.), to 

consist 
consuetudS, -inis (f.), intercourse 
consul, -is (m.), a consul 
consumo,-SrS,consumpsi,consumx>- 

■tiim., to consume, wear away 
contemno, -erS, contempsi, con- 

temptu.m., to despise 
contemptiis, -lis (m.), contempt 
contingit, it happens 
continuiis, -a, -"lim, continuous 
contra (w. ace), against 
contraho, -Si»^, contraxii, contrac- 

tjiiin., to contract 
contnbuo, -SrS, contribui, contribu- 

tiiin., to contribute 
contumeliS.,-ae (f.), a contumely 
convalesco, -^rS, convSliii, (convS- 

litiim), to recover 
convSnit, it is fit 
convlviiim, -5 (n.), a feast 
copiS;, -ao (f.), abundance, plenty 
c5r, cordis (n.), the heart 
Corinth lis, -i (f.). the city of Corinth 
Cornel 1U.S NSpos, -i -otis (m.), 

Cornelius Nepos^ a Boman historian 



coronS^, -ae (f.), a crovm 

corpu-s, -oris (n.), a body 

corrigo, -Sr^, correxii, correcttim, 
to correct 

corrumpo, -6rS, corrupi, corrup- 
tiiiri, to corrupt 

corusco, -arS, -avi, -atiim, to 
glitter 

cos, cotis (f.), a grindstone, whetstone 

cotldie \ daily ^ eveyy day. Written also: 

cottldie j quotldie 

eras, to-morrow 

crastmiis, -a, -iixn, of to-morrow; 
dies crastinus, {the day of) to-mor- 
row 

creb^r, -r2t, -riim, frequent 

credo, -SrS, credidLi, creditiim, to 
believe^ trust 

credulxis, -S;, -"iiin., a^edulous 

creo, -arS, -avx, -atu-nx, to ere- 
atCj elect 

crepo, -arS, crepxii, crepitxiiix, to 
creak 

cresco, -SrS, cre-vx, cretxiirx, to 
increase 

crudelis, -S, cruel 

cubilS, -is (n.), abed 

cubo, -arS, -xix, -xtiiiix, to lie 
(down) 

cultSr, -rx (m.), a knife 

cum (w. abl.), 'i^ith 

cum (conjunct.), when 

cunctu-S, -a, -liiix, the whole; (pi.) 
cunctx, -ae, -21, all together 

cupTditas, -atis (f,), passion 

cupio, -SrS, cupx^^x, cupitriiiii, 
to desire 

cuprxxnx, -i (n.), copper 

cur, why 

curS;, -ae (f.), care 

euro, -ar6, -avx, -atiiirx, to at- 
tend to 

curro, -Sr6, ciicurrx, cursiim., to 
run 

curaxxs, -lis (m.), a course, running 

custodxo, -xrS, -x>^x, -xtixirx, to 
guard, watch 

custSs, -o<iis (m.), a guard, custo- 
dian 

Cyrixs, -i (m.), Cyrus 



— 152 



I>. 

damno, -slrS, ~avi, -atiiiii, to 

condemn^ find guilty 
damniim, -i (n.), damage 
Dannbitis, -i (m.), the Banube 
Dareus, -i (m.), Dareus, a Persian 

king 
de (w. abl.), on, concerning^ about 
debSo, -er^, -"U-i, -xtiim, to owe^ 

1 ought^ must 
decern, ten 
decerno, -SrS, decre^^i, decretixTn, 

to determine 
decet, it becomes; deciiit:, d^cerS 
decldo, -erS, decldi, declsiim, to 

cut dnvm 
decipio, -SrS, decepi, deceptiiin, 

to deceive 
decoriis, -S», --uin, glorious 
decresco, -Sx»^, decre^vi, decrettzm, 

to decrease 
dedecet, it is unbecoming; dedectiit;, 

dedecer^ 
defectiS, -onis (f.), an eclipse 
defendo, -Sre, defendi, defenstxni, 

to defend 
dSinde, then, aftericords 
delecto, -are, -a^vi, -atiim, to 

delight 
deleo, delerS, dele^^i, deletiiin., 

to destroy 
delibero, -arS, -a"vi, -atiim, to 

delibei^ate 
Delphic-ULS, -S;, -■u.in., Delphic, of Del- 
phi 
demeto, -SrS, demessiii, demes- 

sum, to reap 
Demosthenes, -is (m.), Demosthenes 
demqne, fin ally, in fine 
derld^o, -erS, derlsx, densiiiii, to 

laugh at 
descenclo, ~SrS, descendi, descen- 

s-uin, to come down 
deseco, -ar^, deseciii, desectiiiii, 

to cut doum 
desero, -Sre, deserxii, desertrum., 

to desert 
deserta, -or-um (pi. n.), deserts 
desTno, -SrS, desivi & desTi, desi- 
fum, to cease 



desum, deesse, defui, to be wanting , fail, 
forsake; mihl deest pecunia, I am in 
vmnt of money 
detego, -erS, detexii, detectiiiii, 

to discover 
deterreo, -ere, -jx\, -itilm, to 

deter 
deiis, -i (m.)? <^ S'od; Deus, God 
dext^i', dext(e)ra, dext(e)riim, 

right 
dico, -^rS, dixii, dictiim, to say, 

speak, tell, call 
dicto, -ai^e, -si^vl, -atixnoL, to dic- 
tate 
dies, -ei (m. & f. in the sing., m. in the 

plur.), a day 
difficTlxs, -S, difficult, hard 
diffIdo,-ere, diffisiis sum, to distrust 
diffitSor, -eri, (noperf.), to disown 
dliigens, -tis, diligent, careful 
diligenter, carefully 
dlligentia, -ae, (f.). diligence 
dliigo, -erS, dllexii, dllectiim, to 

love 
dimicS, -ai'S, -a^-vl, -atu-in, to 

fight 
Diogenes,-is (m.), Diogenes, the philo- 
sopher of Sinope 
DTonysiiis, -i (m.), Dionysius, tyrant 

of Syracuse 
dirigo, -Si'e, direxi, directiiiii, to 

direct 
diruo, -erS, dirui, dlrutiim, to 

destroy 
discedo,-ere, discessi, discessxim, 

to leave 
discerpo, -Sx'S, discerpsx, discerp- 

tiinx, to tear asunder 
discipulixs, -X (m.) , apupU, scholar 
disco, -erS, didicx, (no snp.), to 

learn 
discord la, -ae (f.), discord 
discrepo, -arS, -ixx, -xtixin, to dis- 
agree 
disputo, -arS, -a^^x, -atixirx, to 

reason 
dissero. -SrS, disser-ux, dissertixirx, 

to discourse 
dissolvo,-^rS, dissolvx, dissolUtiixn., 
to dissolve 



153 — 



distrtbtio, -SrS, distribui, distribu- 

fu.m, to distribute 
diii, for a long time, long 
divers-US, -^, -\iin, diffei^ent 
dlvSs, -itis, rich 
divido, -^i^S, divisi, divTsiiiii, to 

divide, separate 
divlnitus, divinely 
dTvTn\is, -S-, -"um, divine 
dlvitiae, -artim (pi. f.), riches 
div\ini, -i (n.), the sky; sub divo, in 

the open air 
do, -S-re, dSd.i, d3.tiiii^, to give 
doc^o, -ei'S, dbcu-i, doctiiiri, to 

teach 
doctrIna;,-ae (L), learning, instruction 
doctiis, -a, --u-in, learned 
doli-um, -i (n.), a tub 
doloi^ -oris {m.)^pain, sorroio 
domicilmm, -i (n.), a home 
dominor, -alri, -atxis sum, to ride 
dommiis, -i (m.), « master 
domo, -arS, dom-ui, domitiiiia, to 

tame 
dom\x&,-^»{f.),ahouse; domi, at home; 

domum, home; domo,/rom home 
donee, as long as, while 
don-urn., -i (n.), a gift, present 
dormio, -irS, -l^vl, -it"um, to 

sleep 
duco, -Sr^, duxii, duct-una, to lead 
dulcis, -S, siceet {to the taste) 
dum, while, as long as 
Dumnorix:, -igis (^.)j Ihimnorix 
duo, -ae, -o, two 

E. 

e (w. abl. and only before consonants), 

from, of, out of 
ebrietas, -atis (f.) drunlcenness 
eclipsis, - (f.), an eclipse 
edisco, -SrS, edidici, (no Bup.), to 

learn by heart 
edo, -erS, edi, esiiin., to eat 
edo, -SrS, edid-i, edi-t-um, to 

publish 
educo, -arS, -a^^^i, -at\iin, to 

bri7ig up, educate 
educo, -SrS, edux:!, eductiiin., to 

l^aci out^ tQ turn gu^ 



effero, -r^, extvilx, elatiiiii, to 

carry out; to bear to the grave, bury; 

fructus efiferrg, to produce a c7^op 
efficio, -^re, effeci, efifect-iiin, to 

form 
effodio, -^rS, effodi, effossum, to 

dig out 
effundo, -Sr^, effudi, efifusiiin, to 

pour out; se efifundere, to empty 
egen-us, -S-, -tiin, needy 
eleganter, elegantly 
elephant-US, -i (m.), an elephant 
elephas, -antis (m.), an elephant 
eloquentius, more eloquently 
emico, -are, emiciii, (no snp.), to 

shine forth 
emin^o, -er^, --ui, (no sup.), to be 

prominent 
emo, -SrS, emi, emp-ttiin, to buy 
euirn, for 

eo, Ire, ivi, itum, to go 
eo, thither 
Epaminondas,-ae (m.), Epaminondas 



(f.), a letter 



epistola, -ae 

epistula, -ae 

eques, -itis (m.), a rider, horseman, 
horse-soldier 

equito, -ai'S, -airi, -atlim, to ride 

equtts, -i (m.), a horse 

erga (w. ace), toward, unto 

ergo, therefore, consequently 

erro,-arS,-a>^i, -atiim, to err, to 
be mistaken 

erubesco, -erS, erub-ui, (no sup.), to 
blush, feel ashamed 

erudio, -irS, -i"vi, -itiiixi, to in- 
struct 

eruo,-^rS, eriii, erut-uxn, to dig out 

et, and; et. .et, both, .and 

etiam, also, even 

5tsT, although, though 

Euphrates, -is (m.), the river Eu- 
phrates 

Euro p St, -ae (f.), Europe 

everto, -SrS, everti, eversiim, to 
ove7ihrow 

ev51o,-arS,-a>^i. -atiiin., to fly up 

evorao, -6rS, evom-ui, evomit-uni, 
to vomit up 

ex (w, abl, ),/rom, o/^ pw^ of 



154 



excuso, -are,-a/vi, -atiiiii, to ex- 
cuse 

excutio,-^rS, excuesi, excuss-Qma, 
to shake off 

exempliiin, -i (n.), an example ^ 

exercSo, -ex*e, --lii, -itiim., to ex- 
ercise, practice 

exercitatiS, -onis {{.)j practice, exer- 
cise 

exercitiis, -"Bis (m.). cin army 

expello, -ere, expuli, expulsiim, 
to drive away, to expel 

expeiior, -iri, expertiis sum, to 
try, experience 

explico, -ar^, -avi, -^i,-atiiiii, 
-itu-rri, to unfold 

exsilTiiiii, -x (n.), exile 

exspecto, -arS, -a^i, -at-uin, to 
expect, wait 

cxstingno, -SrS, exstinxii, exstinc- 
ttiiiLi, to put out; exstingui, to die 

' out 

exstruo, -er^, exstruxii, exstruc- 
tiim, to construct 

extra (w. ace), without 

txtremiis, -a, -iiiix, last 

exiio,-er^,exui, exutiiin., to put off, 
break off 

facile, easily 

facilius, more easily 

faciiiiis, -oris (n.), a cinme 

facio, -erS, feci, factxiin., to make 

factiim., -i (n.), a deed 

falcS, -onis (m.), tJie haick 

fallo,-ei^e, f efelli, fals-um, to cheat, 
deceive 

falso, falsely 

falx:, -cis (f.), a sickle 

fama, -ae (f.), public opinion; bona 
fa ma, a good name 

fames, -is (f ), hunger 

f am ilia, -ae (f.), a family 

familiaritas, -atis (f.), familiarity 

fatSoi', -ei'i, fassu-S sum, to con- 
fess 

faiiim, -i (n.), fate 

fauces, -ilim (pi. f.), the throat 

favSo, -ere, favi, fmtVifJa., to 

favor 



felicltas^ -atis (f.), happiness 

fellciter, happily 

felis, - (f.), a cat 

felixi, -icis, happy 

femina, -ae (f.), a female, woman 

fera, -ae (f.), a wild beast (bestia un- 
derstood) 

fere, almost; nullus fere, hardly any 

ferio, -irS, (no perf. & sup.), to 
strike 

fero, -r^, tiili, latunx, to bear, 
carry 

ferreiis, -a, -"uin, ofiro7i, iron (adj.) 

fideiis, -e, faithful 

fido, -ei^e, flsiis sum, to trust 

fidiis ,-a, --uin., faiihfid 

flliolxis, -i (m.) a Utile son 

films, -i (m.), a son 

findo, -ere, fidi. fissxinfi, to cleave 

flnio, -ire, -x^^i, -xtxiiix, to finith 

fliiis, - (m.), limit; fiLes, -iiim, 
(pi. m.), borders 

fio, fiex*x, factus sum, to become, 
happen, be made 

firmiis, -a, -ixm, strong 

flagiti-uLin, -X (n.), a shameful deed 

flSo, -ere, fle>^x, fletiiiii, to weep 

flexuosxis, -a, -xim, crooked 

floieo, -ex'S, -xix, (no sup.), to blos- 
som 

flos, -oris (m.), a flower 

flumeix, -iiiis (n.), a Oliver 

fluo, -Sx^S, fluxix, fluxLiim, to flow 

fluvixis, -i (m.), a river 

fodio, -SrS, fodx, fossiim, to dig 

folixixix, -X (n.), a leaf 

forem, I should be 

f oris, /rom home 

formica, -ae (f.), an ant 

fortis, -^, brave; fortes, -iixnx, the 
brave 

fortissime, very bravely 

fortiter, bravely 

fortitudS, -iixis (f.), bravet^y 

fortius, vfiore bravely 

fortuna, -ae {i.)^ fortune 

foriim, -X (n.), the forum., market 

foveSl, -ae (f.), a pit 

frango, -^ye, fiegf, fractUWH, tQ 



— 155 



fratSr, -ris (m.)^ a brother 
frequento, -arS, -a^^i, -atiira, to 

frequent J go to 
frico, -arS, fric-ui, frioatiim, fric- 
tiim, to rub 

frigtis, -oris (n.). cold 

fructixs, -"lis (m.), fi^it ; a crop 

frugifer, -sl, -Hm., fruitful 

Irumentiim., -i (n.), corn 

fruor, -i, fiuittis & fruct-Q-S sum, 

to enjoy 
frustra, in vain 
(frux,frugis), usually pi.: frugeSj-iiiii 

{(.), fruit 
fuc-U-S, -i (m.), a drone 
fuga, -ae (f.), a flight 
f ugio, -Sre, fugi, fugitiim., to flee 

ox fly ^ avoid 
fiigo, -arS, -a^^i, -atiim, to put 

to flight 
fulgur-is (n.), lightning 
fulmino, -are, -avi, -atiim, to 

lighten 
funiculiis, -i (m.), ci rope 
fur, -is (m.), a thief 
furor, -ari, -atiis sum, to steal 
fustis, - (m.), a club 
futur-uLs, -a, --lim, coining 

O. 

Gallia, -ae (f.), Gaul 

gaudi-am, -i {n,)Joy 

gens, -tis (f.), « tribe^ nation 

genxis, - Sris (n.),a kind, race; ani- 

malium genus, a class of animals 
Germania, -ae (f.), Germany 
Germaniis, -i (m.), a German 
gero, -er^, gessi, gestiiin,?o cany 

on 
gigno, -^re, geniii, genitiim, to 

bring fo7ih 
glacies, -ei (f.), ice 
gladiiis, -i (m.), a sword 
glans, -<iis (f.), an acorn 
gloriS;, -ae ( f. ) , glory 
gloriosus, -S;, -U-iXL, glorious 
gradior, -i, gressiis sum, to step 
GraecTa, -ae (f.), Greece 
Graeciis, -S;, -iim, Greek 
gr^mmStice, -es (f.), a grammar 



grammaticiis, -S., -liiii, gram- 
m,atical; liber grammaticus, a gram" 
mar 

gratia, -ae, (f.), thanks; gratlae, 
-ariim (pi. f), thanks 

gratiosiis, -St, -iiin., liked 

gratiis, -a, -iiiix, pleasing-, thankful 

gravis, -^, heavy 

gregatim, in herds 

grex, gregis (m.), a flock 

gubernator, -oris (m.), apUot 

H. 

habSo, -er^, -iii, -itiiin., to 

have; orationem habere, to deliver a 
speech 
habito, -arS, -a^vi, -atiina, to 

dwell 

Hadrianiis, -i (m.), ihe emperoi" Ha-^ 
drian 

haerSo, -erS, haesi, haesiiin., to 
stick 

Hannibal, -is (m.), Hannibal, a Car* 
thaginian general 

haurio, -ire, hausi, haustiirii, to 
draw 

Hebraetis, -i (m.), a Hebreio 

Herculanettm, -i (n.), Herculaneum, 
a town of Campania 

herl, yesterday 

hic, haec, hoc, this {of mine) 

hiems. hiemis (f.), winter 

hilaris, -S, cheeiful 

liirund6,-inis (f.), a swallow 
I Hispania, -ae (f.), Spain 
\ historia, -ae (f.), a story 
\ hodie, to-day 

' homS, -iiiis (m.), man; homines (pi. 
! (m.) people 

honestxis, -S/, -iiiii, honorable^ 
\ honest 

honor, -oris (m.), an honor 

hora, -ae (f.), an hour 

horreiiin, -i (n.)» ci barn 

hortor, -ari, -atu.s sum, to exhort 

hortiis,-i (m.), a garden 

hostis, - (m.), an enemy 

hue, hither 

human-Q.^, -g;, -ilm, human 



156 



Tbi, there 

id circo, /or this reasouy therefore 
Idem, eadem, idem, the same 
idoneiis, -S;, -liiii, suitable 
Tgitur, therd'ore 
ignavTa, -ae (f.), indolence 
ignaviis, -i (m.), a coward 
ignavus, -a, -iiin., idle; sluggard 
ignis, - {m.),fire 

ignobtliSj-S, unknown; of metals, base 
ignotvis, -a, -iim, unknown 
ills, illS;, illu-d, that (yonder) 
illustris, -S, iUustinous 
illustro, -alrS, -avx, atu-irL, to il- 
luminate 
imitor, -ari, -atiis sum, to imitate 
immerito, unjustly 
imminSo, -erS, (no perf. &siip.), to 

threaten 
immortalitas, -at is (f.), immortality 
impar, -S^rxs, unequal 
impatientiS/, -ae (f.), impatience 
impedio, -irS, -ivi, -ituin, to 

hinder, postpone 
imperator, -oris (m.), a general, 

commander; an einperor 
imperiiiiii, -i (n.), empire 
impietas, -atis (f.), impiety 
impl So,-erS ,imple vi, impletiim, 

to jUl, jUl up 
implico, -arS, impliciii, implici- 

■tum, to involve 
imploro, -arS, -avi, -atiiin, to 

implore 
improbiis, -a, -■u.m., had, wicked 
improvisiis, -a, -\im, unforeseen, 

unexpected 
impudens, -tis, impudent 
impune, with impunity 
In (w. ace), into; (w. abl.), in, on 
incendiiim, -i (n.), afire 
incertiis, -a, -liin., uncertain 
incido, -ere, incidi, (no sup.), to fall 

into 
incTdo, -Sx'S, Incidi, inclsu-in, to en- 
grave 
incipio, -€rS, incepi, inceptu-iii, 

to begin 
incol^, -ao (ni.)> o^ inhabitant 



incolo, -Sre, inc51u.x, incultiim, to 

inhabit 
incrgpo, . -are, increpiii, Increpi- 

tu-in, to scold 
inde, thence 
India, -ae (f.), India 
indigSo-ere, -"lii, (no sup.), to need, 

to be in want 
indignu-S, -S;, -"11111, unworthy 
indulges, -erS, indulsi, indulttiin., 

to indulge, give way 
induo, -SrS, indux, indutu.m, to 

put on, assume 
inSo, -xre, inix, inittim, to qo 

into, begin 
inermis, -e, unarmed 
inertia, -ae (f.), laziness 
inferior, -ixs, inferior, lower 
infero, -re, intiilx, illatiim, to 

carry into; bellum inferre alicul, to 

wage war upon somebody; damnum 

inferre, to occasion, cause damage 
infundo, -SrS, infudx, infusu.111, to 

pour into 
ingeniiinx, -x (n.), intellect 
ingens, -tis, immense 
ingenue, frankly 

ingratiis, -a, -lim, ungrateful 
ingredior, -x, ingressxis sum, to 

march 
inhabito, -arS, -a^v^x, -atxiirx, to 

inhabit, occupy 
Tnimlcxis, -x (m.), «n enemy 
initiiim, -x (n), a beginning; initio, 

in the beginning 
injuria, -ae (f.), an injury, wrong 
innocens, -tis, innocent 
innumerfts, -a, -lOLxn. ^numberless 
inprlmlSj chiefly 
inquam, I say, quoth I 
insero, -ere, inserixx, inserfcxiiix, to 

insert 
insignio,-xx*e,-x-vx,-x-t\xin., to dis- 
tinguish 
insolitxis, Sl, -ixirx, uncommon 
inspicio,-ere,inspex:x,inspec1:Tim, 

to exam,ine 
instituo, -Sre, institux, institutxiin., 

to establish, ordain 
insulS;, -ae (f.), an island 



157 — 



insum, Tness^, infui, to he in 
intellego, -Sre, intelleaii, intellec- 

tiiin., to understand 
inter (w. ace), among; inter se, among 
themselves^ with each other, one an- 
other 
intercalaris,-S, intercalary; annus in- 

terc^laris, leap-year 
interdiu, in day-time, by day 
interdum, sometimes 
intereo, -ire, interii, interitiiirL, 

to perish 
interficio, -erS, interfeci, interfec- 

tiiin, to kill 
interrogo, -arS, -avi, -atiiiii, to 

ask 
intersum, interesse, interfui, to take part 

in 
intra (w. ace), vnthin 
intro, -are, -a^^i, -atxiin, to 

enter 
intueor, -eri, -itu-S sum, to look 

at, behold 
invenio, -irS, inveni, inventiim, 

tofimd (out), inveni 
invTdiS/, -ae (f.), envy 
inviiis, -a, -liiii, impassable 
ips^, -a, -iiiii, himself, herself, itself; 

very 
ira, -ae (f.), anger 
iracundia, -ae (f.). passion 
irascor,-!, iratiis sum, to grow angry 
Is, ^, id, that; he, she, it 
iste, -a, -vid., thai (of yours) 
its, so, in this way 
Italic, -ae (f.), Italy 
itaque, therefore 
item, likewise 

TtSr, TtinSris (n.), a jmirney, way 
iterum, n second time, again; Tterum 
atque iterum, again and again 



jacio, -SrS, jeci, jactxiin, to throw, 

cast 
jam, already; jam dudura, a long time 
j ubSo, -erS, jussi, jussiiin., to order 
jucunde, deliciously 
jucuhdxis, -S-, -•u.m, pleasant 
judex, -icis (m.), a judge 



judico, -arS, -avi, -atiiin., to 

judge 
jurgios-u-S, -a, -iim., quarrelsome 
jUs, j"U.ris (n.), right, law; jus civile, 

civil law; jure, with justice 
jussu, by order 
justitia, -ae {t), justice 
jusfiis, -a, -iXiXL.just 
juvat, it delights 
juvenis, - (m.), cl youth 
juvenis (without n.), young 
juventiis, -titis (f.), youth 
juvo, -ar^, juvi, jutxim, to assist, 

help; Part. Fut.: juvaturus 

labor, -oris (m.), labor, work 
laboro,-are.-aT^i,-at"u.m, to work 

Lacedaemoniiis, -i (m.)» a Lacedae- 
monian 

lacrima, -ae (f.), a tear 

laciis, -tis (m.), cl lake 

laetitia, -ae {t),joy, delight 

laetor, -ax'i, -atu.s sum, to rejoice 

laetiis, -a, ixuci, joyful, cheeiful 

Ian a, -ae (f.), wool 

lapis, -id-is (m.), « stone 

largior, -iri, -it"u.s sum, to bestow, 
give bountifully 

lateo, -ere, -"ui, -itiiiii, to be con- 
cealed 

later, -is (m.), « tile, a brick 

Latin"u.s, -a, -\im, Latin 

laudo, -ai'e, -a>^i, -atu-m, to 
praise 

laus, -<iis (f.), pj'aise 

lavS, -arS, lavi, lavatiim (lau.- 
tum, lotura), to wash 

leaenS., -ae (f.), a lioness 

lectiS, -oiiis (f.), a perusal 

legatiis, -i (m.), an ambassador 

lego, -Sre, legi, lectiirii, to read 

lenio, -ir^, -i^^i, -itiiiii, to soothe 

lente, slowly, leisurely 

leS. -onis (m.), a Hon 

lepiis, -oris (m.), a hare 

levis, -S, light; levius, more lightly 

lex, legis (f.), a law 

ITbell-us, -i (m.), alittle book 
I libenter, witJi pleasure, willingly 



— .158 — 



ITber, -ri (m.), « ^ook 
liber, -a, -lim, free 

liberalis, -e, liberal 

llberi, -oriim. (pi. m.), children 

libero, -arS, -a^v^i, -atiiin, to free 

libertas, -atis (f.), Uherty 

libido, -inis (f. ) , lust 

liceor, -ei^i, -itiis sum, to hid 

licSt, it is allowed, lawful, I am free; li- 
cer6, liciiit or licitu-in est 

lictor, -oris, (m.), a lictor, sheriff 

ITgS, -onis (m.), a mattock, a spade 

lingua, -ae (f.), the ioiigue, a language 

liquefacio, -ei'e, liquefeci, liquefac- 
t:u.in,^o make liquid; liquef*io,-f i- 
eri, liquefactiis sum, to melt 

litterS;, -ae (f.), cl letter (of the alpha- 
bet;) litterae, -arixin (pl. f.), an 
epistle 

longixs, -a, -"u.111, long 

loquor, -i, Ibcutiis sum, to speak 

luceo,-erS, luxii, (no sup.)? io shine 

ludens, -tis, playing 

ludo, -ere, lusi, lusiim., io play; lu- 
dere aliquem, to trifle with one 

lud-us. -i (m.), a play, game 

liina, -ae (f.), the moon 

lupHs, -i (m.), a wolf 

luscinia, -ae (f.), « nightingale 

lux, lucis (f.)j light 

luxurTa, -ae (f.), luxury 

Lycurg-Q-S, -i (m.), Lyeurgus, the law- 
giver of the Spartans 

m:. 

maestiis, -S;, -fiin., sorrowing 

magis, more 

magister, -ri (m.), a teacher, master 
mSgistratiis, --us (m,), a magistrate 
magnificiis, -S^, -"tiiia, magnificent 
magnitudS, -inis (f), size, greatness; 

magnitudo animi, gy^eatness of mind 
magniis, -a, -izni, great, large 
majestas, -atis (f.), majesty 
major, -"us, greater, elder; Cato ma- 
jor, Cato, the elder; majoros, -liin, 
(pl. m.), the ancestors 
male, hadly, to 710 purpose 
maleficmiu, -t {n.), an evil deed 
mEleflciis, -I (m.), an ^vH-doer 



K 

malo,-le, mallii,(no sup.), to hemore 

willing, prefer, have rather, like better 
maltxin, -i (n.), an evil 
maltis, -a, -iim, bad ; omnia mala, 

ev&^y thing bad 
mane(n. mdiQcX.), morning; (aav.) early 

in the morning 
maneo, -ere, mansi, mansxiin, 

to stay, remain 
mansuefacio, -ei^e, mansuefeci, man- 

suefactiim. , to tame; mansuet'io, 

-fieri, mansuefactiis sum, to 

become tame 
man lis, -iis (f.j, the hand 
mare, -is (n.), the sea, ocean; mariS et 

montes, seas and mountains, wonders 
marmiis, -a, -"uin, belonging to the 

sea, sea-; aqua marina, sea-water 
marltiis, -i (ra.), a husband 
maier. -ris (f.), a mother 
mattiresco, -ere, maturiii, (no sup.), 

to ripen 
maturu-s, ^, -iiiii., ripe 
maxime, most 

maximtis, -a, -iim, greatest^ 
medeor, -eri, (no perf.), to cure 
mediciis, -i (m.), a physician 
mediiis, -a, -iiin, middle ^ in the 

middle; media Germania, the midst of 

Germa7iy 
mel, mellis (n.)i honey 
melTor, -\is, better 
membrana, -ae (f.), a membrane 
memini, meminissS, to remember 
memor, -is, mindful 
memoria^ -ae (f.) memory 
mendax:, -acis, lying; (homo) men- 

dax, a liar 
mendlctis, -i (m.), a beggar 
mens, -tis (f.), the m.ind 
mensis, - (m.), a month 
mentiox', -iri, -itiis sum, to lie, teU 

a lie 
mercator, -<5ris (m.), a merchant 
mercatxis, -lis (m.), a market 
merces, -e<iis (f.), a i^eward 
mereo,-ere.-iii,-itiim, ) to 
mereoi', -eri, -itiis sum, ) deserve 
merx:, -cis (f.), ware 
jnesspr, -pi?xs (m.)^ a reaper 



159 — 



metallu-in, ~i (n.). o, metdl^ mine 

inetioi',-iri,iiiens\is sum ^to measure 

metxis, --Qs (m.),/ear 

micOj-are, mTcu-i, (no sup.; to shine, 
to glitter 

Midas, -ae (m.), Midas^ king of 
Thrygia 

migro, -are, -a>^i, -atiiin, to mi- 
grate, remove 

mllSs, -itis (m.), a soldier 

mllitaris, -e, military 

minimiis, -a, -iini , least, smallest 

minoi', -\is,'less, jsmaller 

minor, -ari, -atiis sum, to threaten 

mmuo, -6re, minui, mTnutiixn, to 
lessen, weaken 

minus (adv.) less 

minfic-U-S, -S;, -iim, wonderful 

misceo, -ere, misciii, mixtiim & 
mistixm, to mix, mingle 

miser, -a, -"uiti, wretched, miserable 

misereox', -eri, mis^ritiis & miser- 

, tiis sum, ^o have pity 

misericordia, -ae (f.), mercy 

misericors, -d.is, tender-hearted 

mitis, -S, mild, gentle 

mitto, -^1^1^, mlsi, mi?siim, to send 

modestia, -ae (f), modesty 

molestia, -ae (f.), trouble 

mblestiis, -S., -"uin, troublesome 

molior, -iri, -itu-S Bum,^o strive, 
set in motion 

mollis, -6, soft 

monSo, -er^, -"U-i, -itiim, to ad- 
vise, warn 

mSnoculiis, -S, -"U-in, one-eyed 

mons, -'tis (m.), a mountain, mount 

monumentxim., -i (n.), a monument 

morbiis, -i (m.), a disease, sickness 

mordeo,-erS,m.omordi,mors\iiia, 
to bite 

morior, -i, mort-uils sum, to die 

morosxis, -S;, -xiin., cross 

mors, -tis (f.), death 

mortuxis, -ik>, -xim, dead 

mOs, moris (m.), manner, custom 

mofus, -xis (m.), motion 

moveo, -erS, rnovi* mofuin, to 
move, trouble 

jgjox, soon, hereaft^ 



rnulier, -is (f.), a woman 
multiplTco, -are, -si^vl, -atxim., to 

multiply 
multitudS, -inis (f.), a multitude 
multo, much, far 
multo, -are, -a>^i, -atxim, to 

punish 
multxis, -a, -xiiii, much, m,any; 

multo, much 
mulxis, -i (m.), a mule 
mundxis, -x (m.), the world 
luunio, -xr^, -i^*^x, -xtxim, to for' 

iify, p^'otect 
munxxs, -Sris (n.), an office 
niurxis, -x (m.), « y^ctU 
mus, muiis (m.), a mouse 
muto, -are, -a^vx, -atxxirx, to 

change 
mutu"u.s,-a, -xxiix, bon^owed; mutuum 

sumere, to borrow 

N. 
nam, for 
nanciscor, -x, nactxis & nanctxis 

sum, to get 
nascox^, -x, natxis sum, to be horn; 

Part. Fut. nasciturxis, -a, -xxm 
nato, -ax'S, -a^vx, -atxxirx, to swim 
natura, -ae (f.), nature; tota rerum 

natura. the ichole world 
naufragixxiix, -x (n.), shipwreck 
navigatiS, -oixxs (f), navigation 
navTgo, -arS, -a>^x, -atxxirx, to sail 
navis, - (f.), a ship 
ne, not, that not, lest; -ne, interrogative 

particle, icheiher, if 
nebula, -ae (f.), a mist 
nebulosxxs, -S/, -xxirx, m.isty 
nee, and not, nor; nee. .nee, neither. . 

nor 
necessarixxs, -a, -xxirx, necessary 
necessTtas, -atis (f.\ necessity 
nefarixxs, -a, -xxirx, wicked 
neglego, -^x'S, neglexx, neglectxxirx, 

to neglect 
nego, -arS, -a vi, -atxim, to deny, 

say no 
1 negotixiirx, -x (n.), an occupation 
nemS, -iixis (m.), nobody, no one/ 

jienio nostrum, none of us 



— 160 — 



iiequ§, and not, nor* nSqnS . . nSque, 

neither, .nor 
nequSo, -irS, nequi^^i, nSquIttiin, 

not to he able 
NerS, -onis (m.), J^ero 
nescTo, -ire, -i^^i, -itiim., not to 

know 
Nestor, -oris (m.), N^estor 
neutSr, -ra», -rxxin, neither of the two 
nldtilor, -ax'i, -sLtiis sum, to huild 

a nest 
nldu-S, -i im.)^a nest 
nihil, nothing; nihil nisi, nothing hut 
ntmis, too much^ too 

nimiiis, -a, -iim, too much, excessive 
ningo,-erS, ninsii, (no sup.), ^o snow 
nisi, if not, unless, except 
nix, nivTs (f.), snow 
nobilis, -S, nohle; of met2i\s, precious 
nocens, -tis (m.), a guilty person 
noctu, at night, hy night 
nocturnxis, -a, -"U-in, nightly 
nolo, nollS, nolxii, (no sup.),^o he un- 

willing, not to wish 
nomSn., -inis (n.), a name 
nomino, -a-x^e, -a^vi, -at'u.m, to 

call 
non, not, no; ron solum, .s&d SlTam, non 

tantum..sed etiam, not only,. hut 

also 
nondum, not yet 
nonnlsi, only 
nonnulli, -ae, -S;, some 
nonnunquam, sometimes 
nos, we 
nosco,-Sx'^, no^^i, notiiin., to learn 

to know; to know 
noFtSr, -ra, -rxixn., our 
notitia, -ae (f.), notion 
notixs, -a, -"iim, known 
noviis, -St, -xinx, new 
nox, noctis (f.), tJie night 
Eubes, -is (f.), a cloud 
nubilxis, -S;, -xiTrx, cloudy 
nudiis, -S;, --urrx, naked 
nullxis, -S;, -"U-iix, wo, none, not any, 

not one 
num (interrog. part.) 5 whether, if 
Niima PompTlixis, -ae -x (m.), Ku- 

ma J*ompilius^ second Icing cf JKoine 



numero, -are, -avx, -atxiin., to 

count, reckon 

numerxxs, -i (m.), a number 

numquam or nunquam, never 

nunc, now 

nuper, not long ago, lately 

nuptiae, -arxxirx (pi. f.), a wedding 

nusquam, nowhere 

nulrio, -irS, -ivx,-xtiim, to nour- 
ish^ feed 

O. 

obdormisco, -SrS, obdormxiri, ob- 

dormitxiixx, to fall asleep 
objicxo, -Sre, objecx, objectxiiix, to 

throw to 
obllviscor, -x, oblTtxxs sum, to forget 
obnoxixis, -a, -iiirx, subject, liable 
oboedio, -irS, -xvi, -xtiiiix, to 

obey 
obriio, -Sr^, obrux, obrutxxnx, to 

cover, hury 
obscuro, -arS, -a^vi, -atxinx, to 

obscure 
observo, -are, -a-vx, -atixiix, to 

observe 
obsideo, -er^, obsedx, obsessiiiix, 

to besiege 
obsum, obesse, obf uT, to he hurtful 
occasio, -oixis (f.), an opportunity 
occido,-ere, occidx, occasxxm., to set 
occido, -ere, occldi, occisxiiTx, to 

slay, murder 
occulto,-ax'S,-a^^x,-atxiiix, to hide 
oceanxis, -i (m.), the ocean 
Octavianxis, -X (m.), Octavianus, sur- 
name of the emperor Augustus 
oculxis, -i (m.), the eye 
odi, odissS, to hate 
odmux, -X (n.), hatred 
odor, -oi*xs, (m.), smeU, odor 
offeudo, -SrS, offendi, ofiensxiin, to 

offend 
officixirrx, -x (n.), a duty 
olexxiix, -X (n.), oil 
olim, informer times, formerly 
omnis, -S, all, every; omnia, -ixiiix 

(pi. n.), all things, every thing 
onxis, -eris (n.), a burden, load 
operor, -p'X'i, ~p.t\xi^ sum, tg l)e 



161 — 



^portet. it behooves, is needful^ ought; 

oportiiit, oportere 
(ops), op 13 (f.), help 
optabTIis, -e, desirable 
optime, best, in the best manner 
optimiis, -a, -liin, best 
opto,-a/re, -avi, -atviin, to desire 
opiis, -Sris (n.), a wo7^k; opera (pi. 

n.), rnilitary works 
oraculiiiii, -i (n.), an oracle 
oratiS, -onis (f.)i ci speech 
oralor, -oris (m.), ci speaker^ orator 
orbis, - (m.), o, cirle; orbis terrarum, 

the world 
Sriens, -tis (m.), the east 
orIgS, -inis (f.), origin^ source 
Srior, -iri, ortiis sum, to rise, arise 
orno,-ar^, -a^^i, -atiiin., to adorn 
ortu-s, -iis (m.), rising; solis ortus, 

sunrise 
OS, oris {n.),ihe mouth 
Ss, o?sTs (n.), a bone 
ostendo, -Sre, ostendi, ostenstiiii, 

to shoio 
otmro., -i (n.), idle life^ leisure 
ovis, - (f.), a sheep 



paene, nearly, almost 

paenitentia, -ae (f.), repentance 

pallesco, -erS, palliii, (no sup.), to 
turn pale 

palpebrae, -ai'tim (pi. f.), the eye- 
lids 

palustei', -ris, -x^e, swampy 

panis, - (m.), bread 

par, pans, equal 

parers, -tis (m. k f.), a parent 

paveo, -ere, -iii, -itiiiii, to obey 

paiio, -Sre, x>^peri, partxiiii, to 
brivg forth, breed 

paio, -ai'^, -a-vi, -atvim, to pre- 
pare for, obtain; gain 

pars, -tis {^.),a part, side, party; par- 
tes, -111X11. (pi. f.), aparty 

parFiiT'onTa, -ae {^.),;frugality 

pari i or, -xrx, -xtiis sum, to share, 
divide 

parvulus, -x (m.), a little one 

parvus, ~^y -"uin, littlef small 



pasco,-SrS, pSvx, pastiim, to graze 
pastor, -Srxs (m.), a shepherd 
patefacxo, -erS, patefecx, patefac- 

"tiiixx, to open 
patSo, -erS, -\ix,(no sup.), tobe open 
pat^r, -rxs (m.), afathet^ 
patient er, patiently, with patience 
patientiS., -ae (f.), patience 
patientius, more patiently 
patxor, -X, paesxis sum, to suffer- 
pStria, -ae (f.), one^s country 
paucS/, -orxxiix (pi. n.), little 
paucx, -ae, -si,few, a few 
pauper, -is, poor; pauperes, -liiix 

(pi. m.), the poor 
paupertas, -atis {t), poverty 
pavidiis, -^, -xiirx, timid 
pax:, -cis {t), peace 
pecuarixis, -tk,, -lixn., ccUtle-; res pe- 

cuaria, cattle-breeding 
pecunia, -ae (f.), money 
pedSs, -xtis (m.), afoot-soldier 
pejor, -xis, worse 
pellis, - (f.), a skin 
pello, -€re, p<5pulx, pulsxixix, to 

drive 
penes (w. ace), in the hands of 
per (w. ace), through, by means of, 

during 
perculsxxs, -a, -ixin., struck 
perdomo, -ax'S, perdomxix, perdomi- 

txiiix, to subjugate 
pereo, -xx^S, -ix, -xtxiiix, to perish 
peregre, abroad 

peregrln-us, -x (m.), a strangei^ 
perfect-u-s, -a, -ixiix, peifect 
perfidixs, -S., -Hnx, faithless 
perlculixiii, -x (d.), danger 
permitto-erS, permlsxjpermissxiiii, 

to permit 
perpeiuo, constantly 
Persa, -ae (m.), a. Persian 
pertmeo, -ex'S, -xix, (no sup.), to 

belong to 
pes, pedis (m.), afoot 
peFsiir.xis, -S., -xim, woi'st 
peto, -Sx"^, petxvx, p^txtxiiix, to 

seek, ask 
PhTlippxis, -i (m.), Philip^ king of 

Macedonia 



— 162 



Phoenix, -xcis (m.), a Fhenician 

pIcS^, -ae (f.)) ^^^ magpie 

pictor -oi'is (m.)) a painter 

pig^r, -ra, -x^iim, Za;22/» ^^^^ 

pigritTa, -ae (f.), laziness 

pila, -ae (f.\ a 6aZZ (for playing) 

pTlu-S, -i (m.), a hair 

pingo, -Si?e, pinxii, pictiiiix, ^o 

paint; acu pingeie, ^o embroider 
pTrata, -ae (m.), a pirate 
piscis, - (m.), a j^s/i 
piscor, -ai*i, -at'us sum, to fish 
piiis, a, -iiiii, pious 
placeo,-ere,-'U.i, -itxim., to please^ 

he pleasing 
plane tes, -ae (m.), a planet 
planiis, -a, -"um, plain 
pleniis, -a, -iim,/w/Z 
plerique, pleiaeque, pleraque very 

many^ most 
plerumque, commonly^ generally 
Pllniixs, -i (m.), FUny 
plumbiiiii., -i (n.;, lead 
pluo, -er^, plui, (no sup.), to rain; 

pluit, it rains 
plurimiis, -a, --tiin., most, very much 
plus, pluris, more; plures, -a or -ia 

(pi.), many, sevei^al 
poculiiin, -X (n.), a howl, cup 
poena, -ae (f.), punishment 
poeta, -ae (m.), a poet 
poUic^or, -ex^x, -xtiis sum, to pro- 

'inise 
poma, -ox'-Q.rrx (pi. n.), fruit 
Pompejixs, -x (m.), Pompey 
pono, -^rS, posu-x, posxtiiin., io 

place, put, lay down 
pons, -txs (m.), a bridge 
populu-S, -X (m.), a people, nation 
porto.-arS, -a^vx, -atiiin., to carry 
portixs, -lis (m.), a harbor 
posco, -Sre, poposcx, (no sup.), to 

demand 
possideo, -ex^S, possedx, posses- 

siixix, to possess 
possum, posse, potuT, to he able 
post (w. ace), behind, after 
postea, afterwards 

poster!, -orixnx (phm.), descendants 
postquam, after 



^ostremo, finally 

postremiis, -a, -xxm., last 

postulo, -ax-e, -a-^^x, -atiiiix, to re- 

potens, -tis, powerful [quire 

potestas, -atxs (f.), power 
potior, -xx'x, -xtiis sum, to take or 

acquire possession of 
potius, rathei" 
poto, potax^S, pota-\^x, potixrrx, to 

drink; pot-Q-s, -a, -xiin, that has 

drunk 
prae (w. abl.) /or, before, in comparison 

with 
praeb^o, -erS, -xix, -xttxnx, io 

afford, give 
praeceptox\-oris (m.), ateacher 
praecepttxnx, -x (n.), a precept 
praedico, -Sx^S, praedixix, praedic- 

tu-iix, to predict 
praeditixs, -S^, -ixnx, endowed 
praemiiiiix, -x (n.), a reioard, prize 
praestat, it is better 
praesum, praesse, praefiii, to be at the 

head of 
praetereS, -xrS, praeterxx, praeteri- 

■tixiix, to pass by 
praeteritiis, -a, -\iicn.,past, last 
praetor, -ox»xs (m.), a praetor 
pratxinx, -i (n.), a meadow 
pravxis, -a, -iiiix, wicked 
premo, -Sx^e, pressx, pressxiin, to 

press; vestigia premere, to follow the 

footsteps 
primo, primum, at first, -first 
primiis, -a, -viirx, the first, foremost; 

priml anni, the earliest years 
principatxxs, -lis {in..), a reign 
principitxxrx, -x (n.), a beginning; prin- 

cipio, at the beginning 
priusquam, before that, before 
pro (w. abl.), for 
probitas, -atxs (f.), probity 
probo, -ax'S, -si^vl, -atxiiix, to 

judge 
prob-us, -^, -iiiix, upright, goody vir- 
tuous 
procul, at a distance, far; procul ab- 

esse a, to be far from 
proelior, -arx, -atixs sum, to fight 
proelmnx, -x (n.), a battle 



163 



profero, -rS, protu-li, prolatiiin, 

to extend 
proficiscor, -i, profectiis sum, to set 

oiU, travel 
promitto, -Sr^, promisi, promis- 

siiin, to promise 
promo, -ere, prompsi, promp- 

ttim, to take out 
pronuntiatio, -onis (f.), pronun- 
ciation 
prontis, -S;, -"U-m, prone 
prope (w. ace.) J f^^ar 
propensiis, -S., -lim, inclined 
propero, -are, -a^v^i, -atiim, to 

hasten 
propter (w.acc), on account of, closeby, 

in consequence of 
prosterno, -SrS^ prostra^vi, prostra- 

txim, to throw to the ground 
prosiim, prodesse, prof lii, to he useful; to 

do good 
prosiis, -S;, -"U-m, prosaic; prosa ©ra- 
tio, pi'ose 
proverb liiiii, -1 (n.), a proverb 
provinciS^, -ae (f.), a province 
provoco, -arS, -a"vi, -atiim, to 

provoke 
proxTmiis, -S., -tixn., nearest, next 
prudens, -tis, prudent, sensible 
prtidentia, -ae {t), prudence 
psittacu-S, -i (m.), a parrot 
publicu-s, -a, -U-in, public 
puellS/, -ae (f.), a girl 
puer, -i (m.), ci boy 
pugno,-ax'e, -a^v^i, -atiim, to fight 
pulchSr, -r^, -rum, beautiful 
puk'hritudS, -inis (f.), beauty 
punio, -irS, -ivi, -itiira., to pun- 
ish 
piirgo, -arS, -avi, -attim, to pu- 

rfy 
puio, -arS, -a-vi, -atiiiiT, to think 
putresco,-Sre,putixii,(nosiip.),^o7'o/ 
Pyrrhu-S, -i (m.), Pyrrhus, king of 
Epirus 

Q. 

qu5, where 

quadrupes, -^dis {m.), a four-footed 
animal, quadruped 



quaero, -^rS, quaesivi, quaej^i- 

tu-in, to seek (afto^, for), desire 
qualis, -S, of what sort 
quam, than 
quam dm, as long as 
quamquam, although 
quaiido ? when ? 

quantum, as much as; how much 
quare, why ? 

quartiis, -a, --u-in, the fourth 
quatio,. -ere, (no perf. & sup.), to 

shake 
quattuor, /owr [plain 

queror, -i, quesfus sum, to com 
qui, quae, quod, who, which, that 
quia, because 
quTcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquS 

whoever, whatever, whichever 
quTdam, quaedam, quiddam, quoddam 

some one, a ce^^tain one 
quTesco, -erS, quievi, quietiim. 

to rest^ repose 
quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet, quodlibet 

any one, every one^ any thing you 

please 
qu is, quid, tc7to, what? quisnam, quid 

nam, who, what I pray 'i 
quisque, quaeque, quidque, quodque, 

each one, every one 
quisquis, quidquid, whoever^ whichever 

whatever 
quo (w. compar.), the; quo. .eo, the.. the 
quoad, as long as 
quod, because, that 
quomodo, hoio 
quoque, also, too 
quot, how many? 
quotannis, eveiy year 
quotiens, hoio often? 

radiiis, -i (m.), ai^ay 

rSpax, -acis, rapacious, of prey; 

ammal rapax, a beast of prey 
rapio, -SrS, rapxli, raptiim, to 

snatch away 
raro. seldom^ rarely 
latiS, -onis (f.), reason 
record OX", -ari, -atus sum, to r^' 

member 



164 — 



recte, right ^ rightly^ correctly; recte fa- 
cere, to do right 
reddo, -ei'^, reddidi, reddittiiii, 

to make 
redeo, -irS, redii, reditxim, to 

return^ come in 
reditiis, -ixs (m.), a return 
refero, -rS, retiilx & rettxili, rela- 

tiiiii, to carry hack; domum referre, 

to carry home 
refert, it conceims^ mattet^s 
reofia, -ae (f.), ci royal palace 
r^giS, -onis (f.), a countyy, region 
regno, -are, -avi, -at-uin, to rule, 

govern 
regniim, -i (n.), kingdom 
rego, -^re, rexii, rectixin, to rule, 

govern 
relinquo, -SrS, rellqui, relicttiiii, 

to quit 
remediiim, -i (n.), a remedy 
removSo, -ere, removi, remotiiiii, 

to remove 
reor, -eri, ratiis sum, to think 
repeto,-ere, repetivi, repetitiim, 

to seek again 
repo,-^i^S, repsi, rep-tiiiii, to creep 
reprehendo, -<5re, reprehendi, repre- 

hensiim., to blame 
requiesco, -er^, reqme^^i, requie- 

ttim, to rest 
res, rei (f.), a thing, event; res adver- 

s&e.advei^sity; res familmris, propeiiy ; 

res publica, the commomcealth, state; 

res pecuana, caitle-hreeding ; res do- 

mestica, a household thing 
resono, -ax^e, resoniii, resonitiiiii, 

to resound 
respondeo, -ere, respond!, respon- 

siiiix, to answet^ 
restituo, -ex^e, restittix, restitutiiixi., 

to restate, rehuild 
rete, -xs {n.), anet 
retineo, -er^, retiniix, retentixxix, 

to maintain 
reiis, -x (m.), the defendant 
revereor, -ex^x, -xtiis sum, to re- 
spect, reverence 



reverter, 
return 



-X, revertl Cactive^ to 



revivisco,-Sre, revixix, revictiiiix, to 

come to life again^ to live again 
rex, regis {m.),a king 
Rheniis, -x (m.), the Rhine 
Rhodaniis, -x (m.), the river Rhone 
rideo, -ere, risi, rlsxiiix, to laugh 

(at) 
risiis, -ixs (m.), smile 
rivtis, -X (m.), a brook 
Romaniis, -a, -iirrx, Roman 
rosa, -ae (f.), arose 
rumpo, -^x-e, rupx, rupttirn., to 

break, cut 
ruo, -er^, rux, rutixirx, to rush 
rupes, -is (f.), cb rock 
rus, ruris (n.), the country; riirT, in the 

country 
rustic "US, -X (m.), a peasant 

B. 
sacSr, -ra, -rxiin, sacred, holy 
saepe, often, frequently 
saepxo, -ire, saepsi, saeptxixn, to 

fence in 
saga, -ae (f.), a fortune-teller 
salio, -ire, saliii, saltixirx, to leap 
sals\xs,-a, -■u.xrx. salt (adj.) 
salub6x»,-x»xs, -re, healthy; non salu- 

ber, unhealthy 
saliis, -txtis (f.), safety, welfare 
salve, salvete, hail 
Samms, -i (m.), a Samian 
sanguis, -ixxis (m.), blood 
sano, -ax^e, -a^^i, -atxim, to heal 
sapiens, -txs, wise; (m.), a ivise man 
sapientia, -ae (f.), wisdom 
i^apxo, -ere, sapivi & sapiii, (no 

sup.)» to be wise 
Sardanapalxis, -i, Sardanapalus 
i-at, satis, enough, sufficiently 
scalpo, -ere, scalpsi, scalptiiiii, 

to carve 
sceleratxis, -a, -xixix, wicked 
sceliis, -ex^xs (n.). a crime , 
schola, -ae (f.), a school 
scientia, -ae (f.), knowledge 
scintilla, -ae (f.), a spark 
scxo, -ire, -l^vx, -itixm, to know 
ScipiS, -oixxs (m.), Scipio^ a Roman 

noble name 



165 



scribo, -^rS, scrips!, scriptiim, to 

write 
scriptiiiii, -i (n.), a scripture 
seco, -arS, secvii, sectiiin, to cut 
secundum (w. ace), according to 
s^cnndiis, -S^, -"U-in, the second 
secur-us, -a, -liirL, free from care 
sed, hut 

sedes, -is (f.), an abode 
seditiS, -onis (f.), rebellion 
sedulitas, -atis (f.), industry 
sedulo, busily 
seges, -^tis (f.), a crop 
semel, once 

sementis, - (f.), a mowing , crop 
semper, always 

senatiis, -lis (m.), the senate 
senect-Qs, --Q-tis (f.), old age 
senesco, -Sre, seniii, (no sup.), to 

grow old 
senex:, -is (m.), an old man 
sepelio, -ire, sepelivi, sepulttim., 

to bury 
septem, sexien 

septentriS, -onis (m.), the north 
sepulcriiiii, -i (n.), a grave 
sequor, -i, secutiis sum, to follow 
seriup, later 

sermS, -onis (m.), a speech 
sero, -Sre, sevi, sattim, to sow, 

plant 
serpo, -erS, serpsi, serptiim, to 

creep (of animals) 
servio, -ir^,-ivi,-itiim, to serve, 

to be a slave 
servtfiis, -litis (f.), slavery, sei'- 

vitude 
servo, -arS, -a^^i, -atnm, to pre- 
serve 
servns, -i (m.)i a slave, so'vant 
sen, or; seu. .seu, whether, .or 
sever lias -at is (f.), seveinty 
sever-Qis, -5/, -"um, seve^^e 
sextiis, -a, -"lim, the sixth 
sT, if, when 
sTc, so 

STcTliSl, -ae (f.), Sicily 
sicfit, like 

sldo, -€r6, sedi, (no sup.), to sit 
silvS^, -ae (f.), a forest, wood 



sTmilis, -S, like 

sTmulac, simulatqug, as soon as 

sinceru-S, -S/,-"u.ni, pure 

sine (w. abl.), without 

sinister, -rS/, -rnm, left 

sTtiens, -tis, thirsty 

sTtis, - (f.), thirst 

sitns, -iis (m.), the situation 

sive, or; sTve. .sive, ichether. .or 

sScixis, -i (m.), a companion 

Socrates, -is (m.), Soci^ates 

sol, -is (m.), the sun 

s516o, -erS, solitiis sum, to be wont 

Solon, -is (m.), Solon 

soltis, -a, -xim, alone 

solvo, -SrS, solvi, soluttim, to solve, 

free 
somniis, -i (m.), sleep 
sono, -ai'S, sontix, sonitiim, to 

sound 
sSniis, -i (m.), sound 
Sophocles, is (m.), Sophocles 
soror, -oris (f.), a sister 
sors, -tis (f.), a lot, divination 
sortioi', -iri, -itu-s sum, to draw 

lots 
Spartanns, -i (m.), a Spartan 
species, -ei (f.), appearance 
spectaculxini, -i (n.), a theater 
sp^culiim, -i (n.),o mirror 
spei no, -erS, spre^vi, sprettim, to 



spero, -arS, -avi, -atiim, to 

hope for 
spes, spSi (f.), hope 
spTritU-s, -"lis (m.), breath 
splendor, -oris (m.), splendor 
s^onte, freely, ofone^s own accord 
squamS/,-ae (f.), the scale (ofajish) 
stStim, at once 
stellS., -ae (f.), a star 
sto, -arS, stSti, 9tS.tnm, to stand 
strSpitns, -lis (m.), a noise 
struo, -SrS, struxi, structiim, to 

build 
studio, -erS, -iii, (no sup.), to busy 

one^s self 
stultTtTS;, -ae (f.), folly 
stultiis, -5;, -iiin, foolish; sttHttls, 

-i (m.), a fool 



166 



sturniis, -i (m.), « starling 
suavis (sua vis), -e, sweety pleasant 
sub (w. acc.)> under; sub hiemem, to- 
ward wint&%' sub (w. abl.), under ^ 

helow 
stibSS, -irS, subii, subitxiirL, to 

undergo 
subsum, subess^, subf uT, to he under 
subter (w. ace), under ^ beneath 
sudor, -oris (m.), sweat 
sum, esse, fui, to he 
surao, -Sre, sumpsi, sumpt-U-xiii, to 

take; mutuum sumere, to horrow 
super (w. acc.)» on 
superbiis, -a, --lim., proud 
superficies, -ex (f.), the surface 
supersum, superesse, superf ul, to reinain 

over 
supervacu-iis, -a, -liin, needless 
supra (w. ace.) J above 
surgo, -SrS, surrexii, surrectiim, 

to rise, get up 
suspectiis, -a, --um, suspected 
su"u.s, -a, -lim., his, her, itSj their 

(own); sui, -oriim. (pi. m.), those 

dear to one^ one's family 
syllSba, -ae (f.), o, syllable 

T. 

tacSo, -ei^e, -ili, -itiim, to he 

silent 
Tacitiis, -i (m.), Tacitus, a celebrated 

Roman historian 
tarn, so; tarn, .quam, as well, .as 
tSmen, however, still, yet, nevertheless 
tarn quam, so to speak j as it were, as if 
tandem, at last 
tango, -erS, tStigi, tactiiiri, to 

touch (upon) 
tantum, only, (to be placed after the 

word to which it belongs) 
tantiis, -a, -iim., so great 
Tarqutniiis, -i (m.), Tarquin, king of 

the Bomans 
tect"u.m, -i (n.), a roof 
tego, -ere, texii, tectiim, to cover 
temper antia, -^ig (f.), temperance 
tempero, -arS, -avi, -atiiin., to 

temper 
temptis, -6ris (n.)j time 



tendo, -er5, tetendi, tensiini, to 
bend ones way 

tenebrae, -ariiin. (pi. f.), darkness 

tSnSo,-ere,teniii, tentiim, tohold; 
memoria tenere, to keep in memory 

tener, -a, -txin, tender 

tenuis, -S, thin 

tenus (w. abl ), as far as, up to 

terra,-ae (f.), the earth, land; a coun- 
try; terra marique, by land and sea 

terreo, -erS, -ixl, -itiim, to 
frighten 

testament-u-in, -i (n.), a testament 

testis, - (m. & f.), a witness 

texo,-ere, texiii, textiim, to weave 

Thales, -is (m.), TJiales, one of the 7 
wise men 

Themistocles, -is (m.), Themistocles^ 
a celebrated Athenian commander 

tigris, - (m.), a tiger 

timeo, -ere, -"lii, (no sup.), to fear 

timidiis, -a, -"liixi, timid 

Titiis, -i (m.), Titus, a Roman em- 
peror 

tolero, -are, -si^vl, -at-U-in, to en- 
dure 

tollo, -Sre, sustuli, sublatiim, to 
take away 

tondSS, -erS, totondi, tonsiiiri, 
to shear 

tonitrti, --U-S (n.), ^/mnder 

tonS, -ai'S, ton"u.i, tonittim., to 
thunder 

torques, -erS, torsi, tortiim, to 
torture 

totiens, so often, as often as 

totiis, -a, -"0.111., whole 

trado,-ere, -idi, -itiim., to deliver 

Trajaniis, -i (m.), Trajan, a Roman 
emperor 

tranquilliis, -a, -iim., calm, 

trans (w. ace), across 

trans eS, -ire, transii, transitiiinL, 
to cross 

trecentesimiis, -&», -"ULm, the three 
hundredth 

tres, tria, three 

tribuo, -Sr^, tribui, trtbut'QjML, to 
give, confer on 

triplex, -icis, triple 



167 — 



tristis, -S, sad 

trochiis, -X (m.), ci hoop 

TrojSl, -ae (f.), the city of Troy 

tu, thou^ you 

tuba, -ae (f.). « trumpd 

tueor, -eri, -itiis sum, to look to^ 

protect 
turbid-Q-S, -a, -liiii, muddy \turb 
turbo, -arS, -avi, -atiiin., to dis- 
turpis, -6, shameful, base; turpissi- 

mus, extremiely base 
tuto, safely 

tu-u-S, -a, -lira., thy, your 
tyranniis, -i (m.), a tyrant 

XJ. 

uber, -is, rich, fertile 

ubi, whei^e 

ubiqug, everywhere 

ultimtis, -a, --Cim, last 

ultra (w. ace), beyond 

umbra, -ae (f.), a shade, shadow 

unde, whence 

undique, on all sides 

ungula, -ae (f.), a hoof 

unquam, ever 

un-Q-S, -a, --U-in, one 

iinusquisque, unaquaeque,unumquidque, 

unumquodque, each onCy every one, 

everybody 
nrbs, -is (t), a city, town {parch 

uro, -Sre, ussi, ustiiin, to bum, 
urs-us, -i (m.), a bear 
usque ad (w. acc.)i until, up to 
usiis, -tls (m.), use; usum aflferre, to 

do service 
tit, as; ut (w. subj.), i'^ order that, so 

that; lit primum, as soon as 
utilis, -S, useful 
utinam, that, I wish that 
utor, -i, usiis siim, to use, employ; 

bona conscientia uti, to have a clear 

conscience 
uv2l, -ae (f.), the grape 
uxor, -oris (f.), a wife, consort 



vadS, ~€rS, (no perf. & sup.), to go 
valde, vet^y, very much 
vS-le, farewell 



valSo, -ere, -iii, -itiiiii, to he in 

good heaUh, be well; nihil valere, to be 

powe7Hess; plus valere, to be more 

powerful 
valetudS, -inis (f.), health 
valliim, -i {n.),arampaK 
vapor, -oris (m.), vapor 
varietas, -atis (t), variety 
varms, -a, -iim, various, different 
vas, -is (n.), pi. vasa, -oru-in (n.), 

a vessel 
vatic inatiS, -oiais (f.), a prophecy 
vectigal, -alis (n.), tax 
vehemens, -tis, violent 
veho, -^i^e, vexii, vecttxin, to carry 
vel, or; vel. .vel, either, .or 
velox:, -ocis, hasty 
velut, as, like 

venator, -oris (m.), a hunter 
vendo, -^re, vendidi, venditiim, 

to sell 
ven^o, -ire, venii, venitiim, to be 

sold; (venum-eo, I go for sale) 
venio, -ii'S, veni, ventixin, to come 
venor, -ari, -atxis sum, to hunt 
venfiis, -i (m.), icind 
ver, veris (n.), spring 
verber, -is (n.), a blow 
verbiim, -i (n J, a word 
vere, truly 

verecundiis, -S., -xim., modest 
verSor, -eri, -itiis sum, to fear 
verT simTlis, -S, reasonable 
Veritas, -atis (f.), truth 
vermis, - (m.), a worm 
verniis, -a, --um, belonging to spring; 

vernus calor, the warmth of spring 
versiis, -lis (m.), a verse 
versus (w. ace. and following its case), 

toward, -ward; orientem versus, to- 
ward the east 
verto, -SrS, verti, versu.in, to turn 
verum, but, yet 
veriis, -S;, -u.in, true 
vescor, vesci, (no perf.), to feed, live 

upon, eat 
VespSsTaniis, -i {m.), Vespasian 
vesperasclt, evening comes on 
vesper!, in the evening 
vestSr, -ra, -riiin, your 



168 — 



vestSs, -iiim (pi. f.), clothing 

vestio, -ir^, -i^vi, -itiiin., to clothe 

Vesuviiis, -i (m.), Vesuvius 

veto, -are, vetiii, vetitiiiii, to for- 
bid 

vetiis, -Sris, ancient^ old 

via, -ae (f.), a path 

vTcTes, twenty times 

vicissitudS, -iiais (f.), vicissitude 

Victoria, -ae (f.), « mctory 

victiis, -"U.S (m.),/ood 

vidSo, -erS, vidi, visiiin., to see 

vid^or, -ei'i, visiis sum, to appear 

vigeo, -ex'e,(no perf. & sup.), to he in 
force 

vlgesimiis, -S;, -iiiia, the twentieth 

vTgil, -is (m.), Ci watchman 

viginti, tii'enty 

villa, -ae (f.), a country-house 

vincio,-xre,vin3ci,vinc1:iim, to hind 

vincula, -oriim (pi. n.), honds 

vmiiiix, -i (n.), wine 

vioio, -are,-a^v^x, -atiim., to hreak 
(a law) 

vTr, -i (m.), « man 

viiSo, -ei'e, -lii, (no sup.), to he 
green 

viiga, -ae (f.), a switch 



virtu-s, -litis (f.), virtue^ valor 

vis (without genit) (f.), force, power 

viso, -erS, visi, (no sup.), to visit 

vit^, -ae (f.), life 

vitmm., -i (n.), a vice, fault 

vlto, -ar^, -a-vi, -at\im, to avoid 

vitupero, -ar^, -a^^i, -atiiin, to 

find fault with, to hlame 
vivo, -erS, vi3£:i, victiim, to live 
vlvu-s, -a, --uin, living^ alive; argen- 

tum vTvum, quicksilver 
volo^ -are, -avi, -at-Q-in, to fly 
volo, velle, volxii, (no sup.), to he u-il- 

ling, wish for, like, want 
voluntas, -atis (f.), a wish 
voluptas, -atis {t), pleasure 
volvo,-ere, volvi, volutiiin, to roll, 

turn 
vos, you 

vox:, vocis (f.), ct 'voice 
vulnero, -ai'S, -a^*^x, -atiiin., to 

wound 
vultiis,-"u.s (m.), the face, countenance 

X. 

Xanthippe, -es (f.), Xanthippe 
Xerxes, -is (m.), Xo^xes, king of 
Persia 



169 — 



2. ENGLISH AND LATIN. 



siOTE. For the principal parts of Verbs 
and the inflection of Nouns and Pronouns, 
see the Latin and English Vocabulary. 



A.. 

to abide, commorari 

to be able, posse, quire; not to be able, 
nequire 

an abode, sedes 

to abolish, abolere 

about, de 

above (prep.), super, supra 

abroad, peregre 

absent, absens; to be absent, abesse 

abstinence, abstinentia 

abundance, copia 

of one's oxen accord, sponte 

according to, secundum 

©71 account of, cauFa 

to accij.se, accusare 

an accuser, accusator 

to be accustomed, assuescere 

an acorn, glans 

to acquire possession of, potiri 

to acquit, absolvere 

across, trans 

adapted, aptas 

to admire, admirari 

to admit, admittere 

to admonish, admonere 

to adorn, ornare 

advantage, commodum 

adversity, res adversae 

admce, consilium 

to advisCy monere 

the Aedui, Aedui 

I affirm, ajo 

to afford, praebere, afferre; to afford ad- 
vantages, commoda afferre 

Africa, Africa 

after, post ; postquam 

afterwards, delude, postea 

again, iterum; again and again^ iterum 
atque iterum 



against, contra 

an age, aetas ; old age, senectus 

AgesUaus, Agesilaus 

to agree, congruere 

agriculture, agricullura 

the air, aer; in the open air, sub dive 

Alcibiades, Alcibiades 

Alexander, Alexander 

aH, omnis; all together, cuncti 

it is allowed, licet 

almost, fere, paene 

alone, solus 

the Alps, Alpes 

already, jam 

also, etiam, quoque 

although, etiamsi, etsi, quamquam 

always, semper 

an ambassador, legatua 

America, America 

among, inter, apud 

ancient, vetus, antiquus 

and, et, atque; and not, nee, neque, neve 

anger, ira 

to be angry, irasci 

an animalj animal; a small animal, 
bestiola 

to announce, annuntiare 

another, alius 

to answer, respondere 

an ant, formica 

Anthony, Antonius 

antiquity, antiquitas 

any one, aliquis, quispiam, quisquam, 
quisque; any one you please, quivis, 
quilibet; any thing, aliquid, quid- 
piam, quidquara; any thing you please, 
quidlibet, quodlibet, quidvis, quodvis 

to appear, videri 

appearance, species 

Appian, Appius; the Appian way, via 
Appia 

to apply, adhibere, applicare 

Arganthoniu^, Arganthoniua 

to arise^ oriri 



— 170 



Aristides, Aristides 

AristippuSy Aristippus 

Aristotle, Aristoteles 

arms, arma 

an army, exercitus 

an art, ars 

as, at, velut; as far as, tenus; as long 
as, dum, quoad, quamdiu; as it we?^e, 
quasi; tamquam; asmuch as, quantum, 
as soon as, ubi, ubi primum,ut primum, 
simulac, simulatque; as well as, tarn. . 
quam; as yet, adiiuc 

ashes, cinis 

Asia, Asia 

to ask, interrogare, petere 

an ass, asinus 

to assist, juvare, adjuvare 

assistance, auxilium 

to assume, induere 

at, ad, apud 

an Athenian, Atheniensis 

Athens, Athenae 

Atlantic, Atlanticus 

to attack, adoriri 

to attend to, curare 

attentive, attentus 

attentively, attente 

Augustus, Augustus 

an author, auctor 

autumn, aiictumnus 

avarice, avaritia 

avaricious, avarus 

to avoid, vitare 

away from, a, ab, abs 

to he away, abesse 

B. 

"bad, malus; every thing had, omnia 
mala 

hadly, male 

haked, coctus 

a hall (for playing) , pila 

a ham, horreum 

base, turpis ; of metals, ignobilis ; ex- 
tremely hase, turpissimus 

a battle, proelium ; the (line of) battle, 
acies 

to be, esse 

a bear, ursus 

to bear^ ferre; to bear to the grave, efiferre 



a beast, bestia; a beast of prey, animal 

rapax ; a wild beast, fera (bestia) 
to beat, caedere 
beautiful, pulcher 
beauty, pulchritudo 
a heaver, castor 
because, quod, quia 
to become, fieri 
it becomes, decet 
a bed, cubile 
a bee, apis 
before, ante; before Christ, ante Christum 

natum ; before that, priusquam, antea 
a beggar, mendicus 
to begin, incipere, inire ; to have begun, 

coepisse 
a beginning, initium, principium ; in the 

beginning, initio 
behind (prep.), pone, post 
to behold, intueri 
to believe, credere 
to belong to, pertinere ad 
below, sub 

to bend one^s way, tendere 
beneath, subter 
beneficent, beneficus 
a benefit, beneficium 
to besiege, obsidere 
&esf (adj.), optimus 
best '^adv.) optime ; in the bestmanner, 

optime 
better, melior ; it is better, praestat 
between, inter 
beyond, ultra 
to bid, liceri 
to bind, vincire 
a bird, avis 
to bite, mordere 
bitte)mess, amaritudo 
to blame, vituperare, reprebendero 
blessed, beatus 
blessings, bona 
blind, caecus 
blood, sanguis 
to bloom, florere 
to blossom, florere 
a blow, vei ber 
to blush, erubescere 
a (wild) boar, aper 
a body, corpus 



— 171 — 



a bond, vinculum 

a bone^ os 

a hook, liber ; a little hooky libellus 

"borders, fines 

to be born, nasci 

to borrow f mutuum sumere 

both, .and, et. .et 

a bawlj poculum 

a boy, puer 

brass, aes 

brave, fortis ; the brave, fortes 

bravely, fortiter; more bravely, fortius ; 

very bravely, fortissime 
bravery, fortitude 
bread, panis 
to break, frangere^rumpere; io break off, 

exuere; to break (a law), violare 
breath, spiritus 
*o breed, pare re 
a brick, later 
a bridge, pons 
to bring death upon one's self, mortem 

sibi consciscere; to bring forth, pa- 

rere, gignere; to bring up, educare 
(Great) Britain, Britannia 
a Briton, Britannus 
a brook, rivus 
a brother, frater 
to build, aeriificare, struere; to build a 

nest, nidnlari 
a burden, onus 

to burn, urere ; to burn (wholly), com- 
to bury, obruere, sepeiire [burere 

busily, sedulo 
to be busy, operari 
to busy one^s self, studere 
but, sed, at, verum; but o7ie day, unum 

tantum diem 
to buy, emere 
by, a, ab; close by, propter 

C. 

cabbage, brassica 
Caesar, Caesar 
calamity, calamitas 
California, California 
to call, nominare, dicere 
calm, tranquillus 
a camel, camelus 
a camp, castra 



can, posse 

a canal, canalis 

captive, captivus 

care, cura 

carefully, diligenter 

to carry, ferre, portare, vehere ; to carry 
away, auferre; to carry back,Yeferve; to 
carry home, domum referre ; to carry 
into, inferre; io carry off some one, 
absumere aliquera; to cai^y on, ge- 
rere ; to carry out, efferre 

Carthage, Carthago 

Carthaginian, Carthaginiensis 

to carve, scalpere ; to carve upon, inci- 

to cast, jacere [dere 

a cat, felis 

to catch, capere 

Catiline, Catilina 

Cato, Cato ; Cato, the elder, Cato major 

cattle-breeding, res pecuaria 

a cause, causa 

to cause damage, damnum inferre 

cautious, cautus 

to cease, desinere 

certain, certus ; a certain one, quidam 

cei'tainly, certe 

a chain, catena 

by chance, casu 

to change, mutare 

a channel, canalis 

io charge, arguere 

Charlemagne, Carolus Magnus 

Charles, Carolus 

to cheat, fall ere 

cheerful, hilaris, laetus 

a cheny, cerasum 

chiefly, imprimis 

a child, infans ; children, liberi 

Cicero, Cicero 

Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus 

a circle, orb is 

a circumstance, res 

a citizen, civis 

citizenship, civitas 

a city, urbs 

civil, civilis 

a class, classis ; a class of animals, ani- 
malium p:enus 

to cleave, findere 

close by, propter 



172 — 



to clothe^ vestire 

clothing^ vestes (pi.) 

a cloudy nubes 

cloudy^ nubilus 

a club, fustis 

cold (noun), frigus 

to collect^ comportare 

a colonist, colonus 

color, color 

to come, venire ; to come down, descen- 

dere ; to come in, redire; to come to 

life again, reviviscere 
a comet, co metes 
comfort, commoditas 
to comfort, conaolari 
coming, futurus 
a cornmander, imperator 
a commentary, commentariua 
common, communis 
commonly, plerumque 
the commonwealth, res publica 
a companion, socius 
company, coetus 
to compare, comparare 
in comparison loith, prae 
to compel, cogere 
to complain, queri 
to he concealed, latere 
concerning, de 
it concerns, refert 
concord, concordia 
to condemn, damnare, condemnare 
to confer on, tribuere 
to confess, fateri, confiteri 
conscience, conscientia ; to have a clear 

conscience, bona conscientia uti 
in consequence of, propter, causa 
consequently, ergo 
to consider, arbitrari 
to consist of, constare ex 
constant, assiduus 
constantly, perpetuo 
to construct, exstruere 
a consul, consul 
to consume, consumer© 
contempt, contemptus 
continuous, continuus 
to contract, contrahere 
to contnbuie, contribuere 
a contumely i contumelia 



a conversation, colloquium 

copper, aes, cuprum 

Corinth, Corinthus 

corn, frumentum 

Cornelius Nepos, Cornelius Nepoa 

to correct, corrigere 

correctly^ recte 

to corrupt, corrumpere 

counsel, consilium 

to count, numerare 

the countenance, vultus 

the country, rus; a country, terra; one''s 
(own) country, patria; from, the 
country, rure; in the country, ruri; 
into the country, rus; a country- 
house, villa 

a course, cursus 

a court, judicium, aula 

to cover, tegere, obruere 

coward(ly), ignavus 

to creak, crepare 

to create, creare 

credulous, credulus 

to creep, repere, serpere 

a anme, crimen, facinus 

crooked, flexuosns 

a crop, seges, sementis, fructus (pi.) 

cross, morosus 

to cross, transire 

a crown, corona 

cruel, crudelis 

to cultivate^ colere 

a cup, poculum 

to cure, mederi 

a custodian, custos 

custom., mos 

to cut, secare; to cut down, desecare, 
decidere 

Cyrus, Cyrus 



daUy (adv.)? cotidie, cottidie, qnotidie 

danger, periculum 

the Danube, Danubius 

a day, dies; evei^y day, daily, cotidie; 
in day-time, interdiu ; {the day of) to- 
morrow, dies crastinus 

dead, mortuus 

dear, car us 

death, mora 



173 — 



to deceive, decipere, fallere 

tc decrease, decrescere 

a deed, facinus, factum ; an evil deed, 

maleficium ; a shameful deed, flagi- 

tium 
to defend, defendere 
the defendant, re. is 
to deliberate, deliberare 
deliciously, jucande 
delight, laetilia 
to delight, delectare, laetari 
to deliver, tradere; to delwei' a speech, 

orationem habere 
of Delphi, Delphicua 
Delphic, Delpliicus 
to demand, poscere 
Demosthenes, Demosthenes 
to deny, negare 
descendants, poster! 
to desert, deserere 
deserts, deserta 
to deserve, merere, mereri 
desirable, optabilis 
to desire, optare, cupere, quaerere 
to despise, contemnere, spernere 
to destroy, delere, diruere ; to destroy by 

fire, incendio absumere 
to deter, deterrere 

to determine, decernere, constituere 
to dictate, dictare 
a die, alea 

to die, mori ; to die out, extingui 
different, diversus, varius 
difficult, difficilis 
to dig, fodere ; to dig out, eruere, effo- 

dere 
diligeyice. diligentia 
diligent, diligens 
dinner, cena 
Diogenes, Diogenes 
Dionysius, Dionysius 
to direct, dirigere 
to disagree, discrepare 
discord, diacordia 
to discourse, disserere 
to discover, detegere 
a disease, morbus 
to dismiss, dimittere 
to disown, diffiteri 
to dissolve f solvere, dissolvere 



at a distance, procu! 

to distinguish, insignirc 

to distribute, distribuere 

to distrust, diffidere 

to disturb, turbare 

to divide, dividere, partiri 

a divination, sors 

divine, divinus ; divinely, divinitns 

to do, facere ; to do good, prodesse ; to 

do right, recte facere ; to do service, 

usum afiferre 
a dog, cam's 
a dove, columba 

to draw, haurire ; to draw lots, sortiri 
to drink, bibere, potare 
to drive away, pellere, expellere 
a drone, f ucus 
drunkenness, ebrietas 
to (become) dry, arescere 
Dumnorix, Dumnorix 
during, per 
a duty, officium 
to dwell, habitare 



each, quisque ; each one, quisque, unus- 

quisque 
an eagle, aquila 
the ear, auris 
the earliest, primus 
early in the m,orning, mane 
the earth, terra 

easily, facile ; m^ore easily, facilius 
the east, oriens 

to eat, vesci ; to eat up, comedere 
an eclipse, defectio, eclipsis 
to educate, educare 
Egypt, Aegyptus 
an Egyptian, Aegyptius 
either, .or, aut. .aut; vel. .vel 
elder, major natu 
to elect, ere are 
elegantly, elegant or 
an elephant, elephantus, elephas 
eloquently, eloquenter 
to embalm, coudire 
to embrace, complecti 
to embroider, acu pingere 
an emperor, iraperator 
an empire, imperium 



174 



to employ^ adhibere, uti 

to empty ^ se efifundere 

endowed withf praeditus 

to endure, tolerare 

an enemy, inimicus, hostis 

an enigma, aenigma 

to enjoy, frui 

enough, sat, satis 

to enters intrare 

an entrance, aditus 

envy, invidia 

Epaminondas, Epaminondas 

an epistle, litterae 

equal, par 

to err J err are 

to escape, fagere 

to estaUishy instituere 

eternal, aeternus 

eternity, aeternitas 

an Ethiopian, Aethiops 

Euphrates, Euphrates 

Europe, Europa 

even, par, aequus ; even mind, animus 
aequus 

efiaen, etiam, vel 

evening, vesper ; in the evening, vesperi ; 
evening comes on, vesperascit 

an event, res 

eve)^, unquam 

every, omnis, quivis ; every body, evety 
one, quivis, quilibet, quisque, unus- 
quisque ; eveiy thing, quidvis, quod- 
vis, omnia 

everywhere, ubique 

an evil, malum ; an evil deed, maleficium 

an evil-doer, maleficus 

to examine, inspicere 

a7i example, exemplum 

except, nisi 

excessive, nimius 

to excuse, excusare 

to exercise, exercere 

to exhort, hortari, adhortari 

exile, exsilium 

to expect, sperare, exspectare 

to expel, expellere 

to experience, experiri 

to extend, proferre 

the eye, oculus 

the eyelids, palpebrae 



thejacey vultus 

to fail, deesse 

faithful, fidus, fidelis 

faithless, \>QvM\is 

to fall, cadere, labi ; to fall asleep, ob- 

dormiscere ; to fall into, incidere 
falsely, false 
familiarity, familiaritas 
a family, famiiia; one^s family, sui 
famous, clarus, celeber 
far (adv.), multo, procul; far, by far, 

multo ; to be far from, procul abesse a 
farewell, vale 
a farmer, agricola 
fast (adj.), celer 
fast (adv.) celeriter 
fate, fatum 
a father, pater 
a fault, vitium 
favor, benevolentia 
to favor, favere 
fear, metus, timor 
to fear, timere, vereri 
a feast, convivium 
to feed, nutrire, alere ; to feed upon, 

vesci 
to feel ashamed, erubescere 
a fellow- citizen, civis 
a female, femina 
to fence in, saepire 
few, a few, pauci 
afield, ager 

to fight, dimicare, pugnare, proeliari 
to fill, to fiU up, implere 
finally, postremo, denique 
to find (out), in venire ; to find fault with, 

vituperare ; to find guilty, damnare, 

condemnare 
in fine, denique 
afinget^-ring, anulus, annulus 
to finish, finire 
fire, ignis ; a fire, incendinm 
first, primus ; at first, prime, primum 
a fish, piscis 
to fish, piscari 
it is fit, convenit 
to flatter, blandiri 
to flee or fly, fugere 
a fleet, classia 



175 



fleshy caro 

a flighty fuga; to put to flight, f ugare 

a flock, grex 

tofl^w^ fluere 

a flower f flos 

a fly, musca 

to fly, volare ; to flee, fugere ; to fly away, 
avolare; to fly up. evolare 

to follow, sequi; to follow the footsteps, 

folly, stultitia [vestigia premere 

food, cibus, victus 

a fool, stultus 

foolish, stultus 

afoot, pes 

a foot-soldie)\ pedes 

a footstep, vestigium 

for (prep.), pi'o ; for (conj.), enim 

to forbid, vet are 

force, vis; to be in force, vigere 

the foremost, primus 

the forepaw, pes anterior 

a forest, silva 

to forget, oblivisci 

to form, efficere 

formerly, olim, antea 

informer times, olim 

to forsake, deesse 

to fortify, munire 
fortune, fortuna 

a fortune-teller^, saga 

thefoi-um, forum 

to found, condere 
four, quattuor 

afourfooted animal, quadrupes 

the fourth, quirtus 
frankly, ingenue 
free from care, securus 

toffee, solvere 

freedom, liber tas 

frequent, creber 

to frequent, frequentare 

frequently, saepe 

a friend, amicus 

friendship, amicitia 

to frighten, terrere 

from, a. ab, abs, e, ex 

fi^gality, parsimonia 

fruii (frux), fruges, fructus, poma 

fruitful, frugifer 

full, plenus 



to gain^ parare 

a game, Indus 

a garden, hortna 

to gather, desecare 

Gaul, Gallia 

a general, imperator 

generally, plerumque 

gentle, mitis 

a German, Germanns 

Germany, Germania 

to get, nancisci 

to get up, surge re 

a gift, donum 

to gird, cingere 

a girl, puella 

to give, dare, praebere, tribuere; to give 

bountifully, largiri; to give way, In- 

dulgere 
to glide away, cedere 
to glitter, micare, coruscare 
glorious, decor us, gloriosus 
glory, gloria 
to go, ire, vadere; to go away, abire; 

to go into, inire; to go near^ accedere; 

to goto, frequentare 
a (wild) goat, caprea 
God, Dens; a god, dens 
gold, aurum; of gold, aureus 
golden, aureus 
good, bonus, probus; to do good, 

prodesse; goods, bona 
a goose, anser 
to govern, administrare, regere, reg- 

nare 
grain, f rumen tum 
grammar, grammatice; a grammar, 

liber grammaticus 
a grandfather, avus 
a grape, uva 
grateful, gratus 

a grave, sepulcrum, sepulclirum 
to graze, pascere 
great, ma gnus; greater, major; greatest, 

maximus 
greatness, ma.2:nitudo; gi^eatnessofmind, 

magnituflo animi 
Greece, Graecia 
Greek, Graecus 
a grindstone, cos 



— 176 



to grow angry, irasci; io grow old, senes- 
cere; to grow up^ adolere, adolescere 
a guard, custos 
to guard, custodire 
a guilty person, nocens 

IT, 

Hadrian, Hadrianus 

hail, ave, salve 

a hair, pilus 

the hand, mauus; in the hands of^ 

penes 
Hannibal, Hannibal 
to happen, fieri ; it happens, contingit 
happily J feliciter 
happiness, felicitas 
happy, felix 
a harbor, portus 
hard, difficilis 
hardly any, nuUus fere 
a hare, lepus 
to hasten, properare 
hasty, velox 
to hate, odisse 
hatred, odium 

io have, habere; to have a clear con- 
science, bona conscientia uti ; to have 
rather, malle 
a hawk, falco 
he, she, it, is 

to be at the head of, pr^eesse 
to heal, sanare 

health, valetudo; to be in good health, 
valere 

healthy, saluber 
to hear, audire 

the heart, cor; to learn by heart, ediscere 

heat, calor 

heaven, caelum, coelum ; from heaven, 
caelitus 

heavy, gravis 

a Hebrew, Hebraeus 

help, auxilium, ops 

to help, juvare, adjuvare 

Hercixlaneum, Herculaneum 

in herdSf gregatim 

hereafter, mox 

to hide, condere, occultare 

high, altus 

himself, herself, itself, ipse 



to hinder, impedire 

his, her, its (own), suus 

hither, hue 

hitherto, adhuc 

to hold, tenere 

holy, sacer 

a home, domicilium; home, domum; 

at home, dom\; from home, domo, foris 
honest, honestus, probus 
honey, mel 
an honor, honor 
honorable, honestus 
a hoof, ungula 
a hoop, trochus 
Jiope, spes 
to hope for, sperare 
a horse, equus 
a horseman, eques 
a horse-soldier, eques 
an hour, hora 
a house, domus 

a household thing, res domestica 
how, quomodo; how many ? quot ? how 

often, quotiens? 
however, at, tamen 
hum^an, hum anus 
a hundred, centum 
hunger, fames 
to hunt, venari 
a hunter, venator 
to be hurtful, obesse 
a husband, maritus 



/, ego 

ice, glacies 

idle, ignavus, piger ; idle life, otium 

z/,si: (interrog.part.)-ne,num; ifnot,msi 

to illuminate, illustrare 

illustrious, illustris 

to imitate, imitari * 

immense, ingens 

immortality, immortalitas 

impassable, invius 

impatience, impatiently 

impiety, impietas 

to implore, implorare 

impudent, impudens 

with impunity, impune 

in, in ; to be in, inesse 



177 — 



inclined, propensus 

to increase, augere, crescere 

India, India 

indolcpjDC, ignavia 

io indulge, indulgere 

industry^ sedulitas 

inferior, inferior 

to inhcbit, inhabitare, incolere 

an inhabitant, iocola 

an injury, injuria 

innocent, innocens 

to inset^t, inserere 

to instruct, erudire 

instruction, doctrina 

the intellect, ingenium 

intercourse^ consuetudo 

into, in 

io invent, invenire 

to involve, implicare 

iron (adj.), ferreus 

an island, insula 

Italy, Italia 

•T. 

a journey, iter 

joy, gaudium, laetitia 

joyful, laetus 

a judge, judex 

to judge, probare 

just, Justus ; just, commodum 

justice, justitia; with justice, jure 

justly, jure 

to keep in memory, memoria tenere 

to kill, interficere 

a kind, genus; a kind of, quid am 

to kindle, accendere 

a king, rex 

a kingdom, regnum 

a knife, culter [nescire 

to know, cognoscere, scire; not to know, 

knowledge, scientia 

known, notus 



labor, labor 

a Lacedaemonian, Lacedaemonius 
a lake, lacus 

the land, terra; by land and sea, terra 
marique 



the language, lingua 

large, ma gnus 

a lark, alauda 

last, nltimus, praeteritus, extremus; ot 

last, tandem; last year, anno praeterito 
later, serins 
lately, nuper 
Latin, Latinus 

to laugh, ridere; to laugh at, deridere 
law, jus, lex 
it is lawful, licet 
to lay down, ponere 
laziness, inertia, pigritia 
lazy, piger 
lead, plumbum 

to lead, ducere ; to lead out, educere 
a leaf, folium 
to leap, salire 

leap-year, annus intercalaris 
to learn, discere ; to learn by heart, edis- 

cere; to learn to know, noscere 
learned, doctus 
learning, doctrina 
least, minimus 
to leave, discedere 
left, sinister 
leisure, otium 
leisurely, lente 
less (adj.), minor 
to lessen, minuere 
lest, ne 
a lettei' (of the alphabet), litera, littera; 

a letter, epistola, epistula 
le\:el, aequus 
to level, aequare 
liable, obnoxiua 
a liar, homo mendax 
liberal, liberalis 
liberty, libertas 
a lictor, lictor 
to lie, mentiri 
to lie down, cubare 
life, vita 
light, lux 
light (adj.), levis 

lightly, leviter; more lightly, leviu3 
to lighten, fulminare 
lightning^ fulgur 
like (adj.), similis 
like (adv.), ut, sicut, velut 



— 178 



to like^ amare ; to like better^ malle 

liked^ gratiosus 

likewise, item 

a limits limes 

a line of battle^ acies 

a lion, leo 

a lioness, ieaena 

little, parvus ; a little one, parvulus 

to live, vivere ; to live again, reviviscere ; 

to lioe upon, vesci 
a living being, animans 
a load, onus 
long (adj.), longus 
long (adv.), /or a long time, diu; a tong 

time, jam dudum 
to look at, inspicere, intueri 
to lose, amittere 
a lot, sors ; to draw %ts, sortiri 
to love, amare, diligere 
lowei^, inferior 
lust, libido 

luxury, luxuries, luxuria 
Lycurgus, Lycurgus 

madness, amentia 

a magistrate, magistratus 

magnificent, magnificus 

the magpie, pica 

to maintain, retinere 

m.ajesty, majestas 

to make, facere, reddere; to be made, 

fieri ; to make liquid, liquefacere 
man, a man, homo, vir 
manner, mos; in the best manner, 

optima 
m^any, multus, multi, plures; very many, 

plerique 
to march, ingredi 
a m^arket, mercatus, forum 
a master(teacher), magister; of a house, 
it matters, refert [dominus 

a mattock, ligo 
a meadow, pratum 
a meal, cena 
by means of, per 
to measure, metiri 
meat, caro 
to melt, liquefieri 
a membrane, membrana 



I memory, memoria 
a merchant, mercator 
mercy, raisericordia 
a metal, metallum 
Midas, Midas 

middle, in the middle, medius 
midst, in the midst, medius ; the midst oj 

Gej^many, media Germania 
to "migrate, migrare 
mild, mitis 
military, militaris ; a military camp, 

castra ; military works, opera 
the mind, mens, animus 
mindful, memor 
a mine, metallum 
to mingle, miscere 
a mirror, speculum 
a miser, a varus 
miserable, miser 
a misfortune, calamitas 
a mist, nebula 
to be mistaken, errare 
misty, nebulosus 
to mix, miscere 
modest, verecundus 
m,odesty, modestia 
moist, aquosus 
money, pecunia 
a month, mensis 
a monument, monumentum 
the moon, luna 
more, plus, magis, ampliua 
morning, mane 

most, plurimus, plerique ; most {of all), 
a mother, mater [maxima 

motion, motus 
a mount, mountain, mons 
a mouse, mus 

the mouth, os * 

to move, movere 
much (adj.), multus; much (adv.), mul- 

tiim. multo; very much, plurimus; 

too much, nimis, nimium, nimius 
muddy, turbidus 
a mule, mulus 
to multiply, multiplicare 
a multitude, multitudo 
to murder, occidere 
I must, debeo 
my, meus 



179 



IV. 

naked y nndns 

a name J nomen ; a good 7iaTne, bona 
fama 

a nation, gens 

nature, natura 

navigation, navigatio 

near (adv.), prope; nearest, proxime 

near (prep.), apud 

nearly, paeue 

necessary, necessarius 

necessity, necessitas 

to (be in) need, indigere 

it is needful, opus est, oportet 

needless, supervacuus 

needy, egenus 

to neglect, neglegere, negligere 

neither (of .the two), neuter 

neither, .nor, neque. .neque, nee. .nee 

Nero, Nero 

a nesty nidus ; to build a nest, nidulari 

Nestor, Nestor 

a net, rete 

never, numquam, nunquam 

nevertheless, tamen 

new, novus 

next, proximus, deinde 

the night, nox; at night, noctu 

a nightingale, luscinia 

nightly, nocturnus 

no, nullus, non; no one, nullus, nemo 

noble, nobilis 

nobody, nemo 

a noise, strep itus 

none, nullus ; none of us, nemo 
nostrum 

nor, nee 

the north, septentrio 

not, non, -ne ; not any, not one, nullus ; 
not only.. but also, non solum.. sed 
ctiam, non modo. .sed etiam, nou tan- 
tum. .sed etiam; not yet, nondum 

nothing, nihil ; nothing but, nihil nisi 

notion, notitia 

to nourish, alere, nutrire 

now, nunc 

nowhere, nusquam 

Numa Pompilius, Numa Pompilius 

a number, numerus 

numberless^ innuraerabilis, innumerus 



O. 

to obey, obedire, oboedire, parere 

to obscure, obscurare 

to observe, ob.servare 

to obtain, parare, adipisci 

to occasion daviage, damnum in- 

ferre 
an occupation, negotium 
to occupy, inhabitare 
to occur, accidere 
the ocean, oceanus, mare 
Octavianus, Octavianus 
odor, odor 
of, e, ex 

to offend, offend ere 
an office, munus 
ofteii, saepe ; as often as, totiens. .quo- 

tiens ; so often, totiens 
oil, oleum 
old, antiquus, vetus; old age, senectus ; 

an old man, senex 
on, de, super, in 
once, semel; at once, statim 
one, unu3 

one-eyed, monoculus 
only, tan turn, nonnisi 
to be open, patere 
to open, patefacere, aperire 
an opinion, opinio ; public opinion, 

fama 
an opportunity, occasio 
or, aut, sen 
an oracle, oraculum 
an orator, orator 
to ordain, instituere 
by order, jussu ; in order thai, ut 
to order, jubere 
the organ of hearing, auditus 
origin, origo 
o^Ae?',, alius; the other {of two), alter; 

belonging to others, of others, alienus 
otherwise, aliter 

/ ought, debeo ; it ought, oportet 
our, noster 
out of, e, ex, extra 
ot'C?', de; super 
to ovei^throw, evertere 
to owe, debere 
own, proprius ; liis, her, its, their own, 

suus 



180 



I*. 

pain^ dolor 

to paint, pingere 

a painter, pictor 

a parent, parens 

a parrot, psittacus 

apart, pars 

a party, pars, partes 

to pass, to pass by or oii, praeterire 

a passage, iter 

passion, cupiditas, iracundia 

past (Sidj.), praeteritus 

a path, via 

patience, patientia ; with patience pa- 

tienter 
patient, patiens 
patiently, patienter ; more patiently, pr.- 

tientius ; most patiently , patientissime 
peace, pax 
a peasant, rusticus 
a people, populus, natio ; people, lio- 

mines 
perfect, perfectus 
to perish, perire 
to perm^it, permittere 
a Persian, Persa 
a perusal, lectio 
a Phenician, Phoenix 
Philip, Philippus 
a physician, medicus 
a pilot, gubernator 
pious, plus 
a pirate, pirata 
a pit, fovea 
to have pity, misereri 
to place, ponere 
plain, planus 
plane, planus 
a planet, planeta, planetes 
to plant, serere 
a play, Indus 
to play, ludere ; to play with one, ludere 

aliquem 
playing, ludens 
pleasant, jucundus, suavis 
to please, placere 

pleasing, gratus; to he pleasing to, placere 
pteaswre,voluptas; with pleasure, Mh^nier 
plenty, copia 
Pliny, Plinius / 



a plow, aratrum 

to pluck, carpere 

a poet, poeta 

Pompey, Pompeius 

poor, pauper; the poor, pauperes 

to possess, possidere 

posterity, poster! 

to postpone, impedire 

to pour into, infundere; to pour out, 

efifundere 
poverty, paupertas 
poicer, potestas, vis 
powerful, potens 
to he powerless, nihil valere 
to practice, exercere; to vractice virtue, 

virtutem colere 
praise, laus 
to praise, laudare 
a precept, praeceptum 
precious, pretiosus ; of metals, nobilis 
to predict, praedicere 
to prefer, anteponere ; malle 
to prepare for, par are 
a present, donum 
to he present, adesge 
to preserve, servare 
to press, premere, urgere 
a pretor, praetor 
a prize, praemium 
probity, probitas 
to produce a crop, fructus efferre 
to be prom^inent, eminere 
to promise, promittere, polliceri 
prone, pronus 
pronunciation, pronuntiatio 
property, res familiaris 
a prophecy, vaticinatio 
prose, prosa oratio 
to protect, munire, tueri 
proud, superb us 
a proverb, proverbium 
to provide, comparare 
a province^ provincia 
to provoke, provocare 
prudence, prudentia 
prudent, prudens 

public, publicus; public opinion, fama 
to publish, edere 
to punish, punire, mulctare 
punishment, poena 



181 



a pupU, discipulus 

pUrey purus 

to purify y pargare 

to no purpose^ male 

to putf ponere; to put off, exuere; to 

put out, exstingucre; to put to flighty 

fugare 
PyrrhuSy Pyrrhus 

Q. 

a quadruped, qnadrupes 
quarrelsome, jurgiosus 
more quickly, citius 
quicksilver, argentum vivum 
to quit, relinquere 
quoth I, inquam 

a race, genus 

to rain, pluere; it rains, pluit 

a rampart, vallum 

rarely, raro; m,ore rarely, rarius 

rather, potius; to have rather, malle 

a ray, radius 

to read, legere 

to reap, demetere 

a reaper, messor 

reason, ratio; for this reason, idcirco 

to reason, disputare 

reasonable, veri siniilis 

a rebellion, seditio 

to rebuild, restituere 

to receive, accipere 

to reckon, numerare 

a recommendation, commendatio 

to recover, convalescere 

to regard, arbitrari 

a region, regio 

a reign, principatus 

to rejoice, laetari 

to rem,ain, manere; to remain over, su- 

peresse 
a 7'em.edy, remedium 
to remember, recordari, meminisse 
to remove, migrare, removere 
repentance, paenitentia or poenitentia 
to repose, quiescere 
a republic, the republic, res publica 
to require, postulare 
to resound, resonare 



to respect, revereri 

to rest, quiescere, requiescere 

to restore, restituere 

to restrain, coercere, compeacere 

a return, reditus 

to return, reverti, redire 

to reverence, revereri 

a reward, merces, praemium 

the Rhine, Rhenus 

the Rhone, Rhodanus 

rich, dives, uber 

riches, divitiae 

a riddle, aenigma 

to ride, equitare 

a rider, eques 

right (noun), jus 

right (opp. to wrong), rectus, recte; 

(opp. to left), dexter 
rightly, recte 
ripe, maturus 
to ripen, maturescere 
to rise, surgere, oriri 
rising, ortus 

a river, flumen, fluvius, amuis 
a road, via 
a rock, rupes 
to roll, volvere 
Roman, Romanuo 
a roof, tectum 
a rope, funiculus 
a rose, rosa 
to rot, putrescere 
rough, asper 
a royal palace, regia 
to rub, fricare 

to rule, regnare, regere, dominari 
to run, currere 
running, cursus 
to rush (forth), mere 

So 

sacred, sacer 

sad, tristis 

safely, tuto 

safety, salus 

to sail, navigare 

salt (adj.), Balsus 

the same, idem 

a Samian, Samius 

Sardanapalus, Sardanapalus 



— 182 — 



to say, dicere; I say, ajo, inquam; I say 

yes, ajo; to say no, negare 
the scale (of a fish), squama 
a scholar, discipulua 
a school, schola 
Scipio, Scipio 
to scold, increpare 
a scripture, scriptum 
the sea, mare 
to season, condire 
sea-water, aqua marina 
the second, secundus 
to see, videre, cernere 
to seek, petere; to seek {after, for), quae- 

rere; to seek again, repetere 
seldom, raro 
to sell, vendere 
the senate, senatus 
to send, mittere 
sensible, prudens 
to separate, dividere 
a servant, servus 
to serve, servire 
servitude, servitus 
to set {of the sun), occidere; to set in 

motion, moliri; to set out, proficisci 
seven, septem 
several, plures 
severe, severus 
severity, severitas 
a shade, a shadow, umbra 
to shake, quaiere; to shake off, excutere 
shanfieful, lurpis 
to share, partiri 
to sharpen, acuere 
to shear, tondere 
a sheep, ovis 
a shepherd, pastor 
a sheriff, lictor 

to shi7ie, micare, lucere; to shine forth, 
a ship, navis [emicare 

a shipwreck, naufragium 
sho7% brevis 

I should, debeo; I should he, forem 
to show, ostendere 
to shut up, concludere 
Sicily, Sicilia 
sick, aegrotus 
a sickle, falx 
sickness, morbus 



a side, pars; on aU sides, undique 

to side with, adesse 

a sight, adspectus 

to he silent, tacere 

silver (noun), argentum 

to sing, canere, cantare 

singing (noun), cantus 

a sister, soror 

to sit down, sidere 

situation, situs 

the sixth, sextus 

size, magnitude 

a skin, pellis 

the sky, caelum, coelum, divum 

a slave, servus ; to he a slave, servire 

slavery, servitus 

to slay, occidere 

sleep, somnus 

to sleep, dormire 

slender, tenuis 

slight, levis 

slowly, lente 

small, parvus ; smaller, minor; smallest, 

minimus ; a small animal, bestiola 
smell, odor 
a smile, risus 
to snatch away, rapere 
to snow, ningere 
so, sic, adeo ; so , . as, tarn . . quam ; 

so much, adeo ; so that, ut ; so that 

not, ut non ; so to speak, tamquam 
Socrates, Socrates 
soft, mollis 
to he sold, venire 
a soldier, miles 
Solon, Solon 
to solve, solvere 
some, nonnulli ; some one, aliquis, qui- 

dam, quispiam; somethiyig, aliquid 
sometime, aliquando 
sometimes, nonnunquam 
a son, filius ; a little son, filiolus 
a song, cantus 
soon, mox ; sooner, citius 
to soothe, lenire, blandiri 
Sophocles, Sophocles 
sorrow, dolor 
soii^owing, maestus 
the soul, animus 
to sound, sonare 



— 183 — 



a source, origo 

to sow f serere 

a sowing, sementis 

a spade^ ligo 

Spain^ Hispania 

a spark, scintilla 

a Spartan^ Spartanus 

to speaks loqui, dicere, fari 

a speaker, orator 

a speech, oratio, sermo 

a spider^ aranea 

splendor, splendor 

spring, ver ; of spring, vernus 

a stag, cervus 

to stand, stare 

a star, stella 

a starling, sturnus 

the state, res publica, civitas 

to stay, manere 

to steal, farari 

io step, gradi 

to stick, haerere 

still, tamen, adhuc 

a stone, iapis 

a stork, ciconia 

a story, historia 

a stranger, peregrinus 

to strike, ferire 

to strive, moliri 

strong, firmus 

struck, perculsus 

subject, obnoxius 

to subjugate^ perdomare 

to suffer, pati 

sufficiently, sat, satis 

suitable, idoneus 

the summer, aestas 



the sun, sol 



sunrise, ortus solis 

Superbus, Superbus 

to be sure, certe 

surely, certo 

a surface, superficies 

to surround, cingere,circumdare,circum- 

suspected, suspectas [fundere 

a svmllow, hirundo 

swampy, paluster 

sweat, sudor 

sweet, suavis ; (to the taste), dulcia 



swift, celer 
to swim, natare 
a switch, virga 
a sword, gladius 
a syllable, syllaba 

To 

Tacitus, Tacitus 

to take, capere ; io take away, tollere ; 

to take out, promere ; to take part in, 

interesse ; to take possession of, potiri ; 

to take a walk, ambulare 
to tame, domare, mansuefacere, mulcere ; 

to become tame, mansuefieri 
Tarquin, Tarquinius 
tax, vectigal 
to teach, docere 

a teacher, magister, praeceptor 
a tear, lacriraa, lacryma 
to tear asunder, discerpere 
to tell, dicere ; to tell a lie, mentiri 
to temper, temperare 
temperance, temperantia 
ten, decern 

tender, tener ; tender-hearted, misericors 
a testament, testamentum 
Tfiales, Thales 
thaii, quam 
thankful, gratus 
thanks, gratia, gratiae 
that (demonstr.), is; that (of yours), 

iste ; that (yonder), ille ; that, ut ; that 

not, ne 
the (w. comp.), eo; the. .the, quo..eo, 

quanto. .tanto 
a theater, spectaculum 
Themistocles, Themistocles 
thence, inde 
thei^e, ibi 

therefore, idcirco, ergo, igitur, itaque 
a thief, fur 
thin, tennis 

a thing, res ; every thing, omnia 
io think, putare, cogitare, reri 
thirst, sitis 
thirsty, sitiens 
thirty, triginta 
this, hie 
thither, eo 
though, etsi 



184 



to threaten^ imminere 

three ^ tres ; three hundred^ trecenti ; the 

three hundredth^ trecentesimus 
the throaty faux, fauces 
through, per 
to throw, jacere; to throw down, abji- 

cere ; to throw to, objicere ; to throw to 

the ground, prosternere 
thunder, tonitru 
to thunder, tonare 
thy, tuus 
a tiger, tigris 

to till the field J agrum colere 
time, tempus ; a second time^ iterum ; 

at some time, aliquando ; i,i a short 

time, brevi (tempore) 
timid, timidus 
Titus, Titus 
to, ad 

to-day, hodie 

to-morrow, eras, dies crastinua ; of to- 
morrow, crastinus 
the tongue, lingua 

too, quoque ; too much, nimius, nimis 
to torture, torquere 
to touch, tangere 
toward, erga,sub, versus; toward the east, 

orientem versus; towardwinter,snh hie- 
a town, urbs [mem 

Trajan, Trajanus 
to travel, proficisci 
the treasury, aerarium 
a tree, arbor 
a tribe, gens 

to trifle with one, ludere allquem 
triple, triplex 
trouble, molestia 
to trouble, movere 
troublesome, molestus 
Troy, Troja 
true, verus 
truly, vere, vero 
a trumpet, tuba 
to trust, credere, fidere 
truth, Veritas 
to try, conari, experiri 
a tub, dolium 

to turn, volvere, vertere; to turn out, 
educere ; to turn pale, pallescere ; to 
turn sow\ acescere 



the twentieth, vicesimus, vigesimus 

twenty, viginti; twenty tvmes^ viciee 

twice, bis 

two, duo 

a tyrant, tyrannus 

XJ. 

unarmed, inermis 

it is unbecoming, dedecet 

uncertain, incertus 

uncommon, insolitus 

under, sub, subter ; to he under, subesse 

to undergo, subire 

to understand, intellegere 

unequal, impar 

unexpected, improvisus 

to unfold, explicare 

unforeseen, improvisus 

ungrateful, ingratus 

unhealthy, non saluber 

unjustly, immerito 

unknown, ignotus, ignobills 

unless, nisi 

until, (usque) ad 

unto, erga 

to be unwilling, nolle 

unworthy, indignus 

up to, tenuSj (prep.) usque ad 

upon, in 

upright, probus 

use, usus 

to use, uti ; to use up something, absu- 

mere aliquam rem 
useful, utilis ; to be useful, prodesse 

V. 

in vain, frustra 

valor, virtus 

vapor, vapor 

variety, varietas 

various, varius 

to venture, conari 

a verse, versus 

very, admodum, valde, ipse; very much, 

Vespasian, Vespasianua [valde 

a vessel, vas 

Vesuvius, Vesuvius 

a vice, vitium 

vicissitude, vicissitude 

a victory, victoria 

violent, vehemens 



185 



virtue^ virtus 
virtuous, probu3 
to visit, visere 
a voice, vox 
to vomit up^ evomere 

to wage war upon somebody y bellum in 

ferre alicui 
to wait for, exspectare (expectare) 
to (take a) walk, ambulare 
a 10 all, muru3 
to want (wish), velle 
lam in want of money, mihi deest pe- 

cunia ; to he in want, indigere 
to he wanting, deesse 
war, bellum 
ware, merx 
warmth, calor ; the warmth of spiHng, 

vernus calor 
to warn, monere 

to wash, lavare ; to wash (offJt abluere 
to watch, custodire 
a watchman, vigil 
water, aqua 
a way, iter, via 
we, nos 

to weaken, minuere 
weapons, arma 
to wear away, consumere 
to weave, texere 
a wedding, nuptiae 
to weep, flere 
welfare, salus 
well, bene; to he well, valere 
lohen, si, cum ; when ? quando ? 
whence, unde 
lohere, ubi, qua? 
to whet, acuere 

whether, iium; whether, .or^ sive..sive 
a whet- stone, cos 

which, qui; which (of two j? uter 7 
while, dum, donee 
who, qui, quis; he who, qui; wholpray? 

quisnam ? who? uter? 
whoever, qnisquis, quicunque 
whole, totua, cunctua 
wJiy, cur, qua re 

wicked, pravus, nefarius, sceleratus 
a wife, uxor 



willing {ly),, libenter 

to he willing, velle; to he more toiUing^ 

wind, ventus [malle 

rcine, vinum 

a wing, ala 

tcinte)', hiems 

wisdom, sapientia 

wise, sapiens; to he wise, sapere 

a wish, voluntas 

to wish for, velle; not to wish, nolle 

with, apud, cum 

within, intra 

without, sine, (of place) extra 

a witness, testis 

a wolf, lupus 

a woman, mulier, femina 

wondeiful, mirificus 

wonders, maria et monies 

to he wont, solere 

a wood, silva 

wool, lana 

a word, verbum 

a work, labor 

to work, laborare 

the world, mundus, orbis terrarum; (he 

whole world, tota rerum natura 
a worrri, vermis 
worse, pejor 
worst, pessimus 
to wound, vulnerare 
wretched, miser 
to write, scribere 
a wrong, injuria 

Xanthippe, Xanthippe 
Xerxes, Xerxes 



a year, annus ; exery t/car, quottannis; 

for one year, in annum 
yearly, annuus 
yesterday, heri 
yet, verum, tamen, autem 
to yield, cedere 
you, tu; vos 

a young man, adulescens, adolescens 
your, luus, vester 
youth, juventus 
a youth, adulescens, adolescens, juvenia 



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atin 



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635 



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